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The Board of Trustees and staff of The Max Warburg Courage Curriculum, Inc. would like to
express their sincere gratitude and appreciation to those individuals and organizations that, since
1991, have given so generously of their time, talent and energy to make these guides possible.
Guide Authors
Martha Gillis
Louisa Birch
Mary Alyward Stewart
Kelly Keyes Smith
Sarah Beck
Jennifer Jerome Underhill
Teri West
Sophie Degener
Mairead Nolan
Julie Wood
Dr. Marcia Harris
© 2013 The Max Warburg Courage Curriculum, Inc. Edited by Elizabeth Evans D’Ascensao and Liz Connolly
About The Max Warburg Courage
Curriculum, Inc.
The Max Warburg Courage Curriculum, Inc. is a year-long language arts program dedicated to
strengthening the character development and literacy skills of students. Since the organization’s
founding, the Courage Curriculum has positively impacted the academic performance of more
than 150,000 students in the Boston Public Schools and surrounding communities. Our
programs are taught locally in sixth and ninth grade classrooms, and our reach has expanded to
include a national essay contest and an international program taught in Thailand, Cambodia,
Mozambique, and beyond.
The Max Warburg Courage Curriculum was founded in 1991 to honor the life of Max Warburg,
a courageous young boy who maintained steadfast determination and heartfelt hope in the face of
his battle with leukemia. After his death, Max’s parents, Stephanie and Jonathan Warburg,
believed that Max’s story could be an example for other children. They worked with the Boston
Public Schools and experienced educators to develop The Max Warburg Courage Curriculum.
The program’s sixth grade curriculum, Courage in My Life, features carefully selected novels
whose main characters are courageous young people. As students become familiar with Max
and the literary characters featured in each novel, they come to understand their own capacity for
courage. Their personal stories are shared in the essays they write as the culmination of this
year-long curriculum. Each spring, The Max Warburg Courage Curriculum honors students
whose work, chosen from thousands of essays, is published in an anthology titled The Courage
of Boston’s Children.
www.maxcourage.org
About The Max Warburg Courage
Curriculum’s Guides for Educators
The Max Warburg Courage Curriculum’s Guides for Teachers provide suggestions for teachers
on how to help students understand and appreciate literature, while engaging in meaningful
classroom discussions and activities. Immersion in literature becomes a bridge for the
development of students’ listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. Using these guides,
teachers can help students acquire and refine the skills they need to be effective communicators
and excellent readers and writers.
The Boston Public Schools English Language Arts (ELA) Curriculum Frameworks and Common
Core State Standards (CCSS) have also been integrated into these Guides for Educators by
incorporating the ELA educational principles of the frameworks, by embedding student products
from the Student Requirements, and by helping students to explore the key concepts and
questions in the Content Objectives. In addition the Guides for Educators employ a variety of
pedagogical approaches for developing literacy and social skills.
Reading
Reading is an active, constructive and creative process that involves distinctive cognitive
strategies before, during and after reading. Good readers access prior knowledge, establish
purpose, preview the text, generate questions, make predictions, confirm and revise predictions,
locate and clarify concepts that cause confusion, take mental or written notes, organize
information into categories, and use text features such as illustrations and headings to acquire
meaning from print.
Writing
Writing is a process involving planning (pre-writing), context (drafting), reading aloud and
reflecting on the product, collaborating with others (peer editing), revising (rewriting) and
sharing the final product with others (publishing). Good writing reflects and stimulates thinking
and allows students to find their own voices and to express themselves in an articulate, coherent
manner.
Social skills and values
While students develop their reading and writing skills, they can simultaneously develop their
social skills and values. One important way for students to express themselves and become
aware of other people’s points of view is by developing strong perspective-taking skills. The
development of students’ perspective-taking sills contributes to the development of their conflict
resolution skills. These social skills-- together with learning to value trust, respect, love, peace,
self-esteem, courage, perseverance and freedom - help students to develop healthy relationships
while, at the same time, support the development of students’ literacy skills.
As part of The Max Warburg Courage Curriculum, this guide focuses significantly with the
theme of courage. Students are encouraged to think about examples of courage in their own
lives, and make connections between Max’s story and Maniac Magee. This guide has been
written to reflect the Boston Public Schools’ English Language Arts Standards and Requirement
for sixth graders. Many of the questions, activities and projects are designed to help you meet
these requirements. Throughout the guide, you will find activities which relate to the standard
requirements in one of four ways:
● Activities that fulfill the sixth grade Language Arts Student Requirements (these can be
found in the post-reading section);
● Writing assignments throughout the book which can become part of students’ writing
portfolios;
● Research activities that require students to read other text genres, such as newspapers,
which help to satisfy the requirement to read ten other genre pieces; and
● Activities and questions throughout the guide that directly relate to the focus themes and
questions. The goal is to help prepare students on an ongoing basis for their final key
questions essay(s).
In addition, you will find in this guide important updates pertaining to the Common Core State
Standards for English Language Arts, reflecting current shifts in text complexity, evidence-based
analysis, and more. This guide has been revised to align with these Common Core State
Standards (CCSS) shifts. The mini-lessons, long-term projects and extension activity labels
highlight the CCSS anchor standards.
Sincerely,
Just as Max Warburg faced a very difficult situation with courage, strength and hope, so, too, do
Maniac and the various characters you will encounter in this novel. Though Maniac Magee is
laced with fear, hopelessness, ignorance and sadness, it is ultimately a very optimistic book, with
characters who find the inner strength and courage to get through the hard times.
This guide has been written according to current research and best practices in literacy
instruction. There are many ideas and activities that will help you to explore the intense themes
of the novel, deepening students’ comprehension, motivation and enjoyment. There are also
activities designed to deal with specific instructional goals, such as writing skills and vocabulary
development.
There are more activities included in this guide than any teacher could possibly complete. This
allows you to choose those activities that best suit your needs as well as to give your students
choices. The guide is not meant to dictate your journey through Maniac Magee. Rather, use it
as a resource that, together with your own ideas and those of your students, can provide a useful
support as your work your way through the novel.
As I wrote this guide, I felt it very important to emphasize a deep understanding of the serious
themes contained in the novel. Through students will enjoy this novel even if they only read it as
the exciting adventures of an athletic, free-spirited kid, they will obviously get so much more out
of it if they are forced to explore the more profound aspects of it. As part of The Max Warburg
Courage Curriculum, this guide deals with the theme of courage a great deal. Students are
encouraged to think about examples of courage in their own lives, and make connections
between Max’s story and Maniac Magee. The guide is also designed to facilitate discussion
around themes of prejudice, homelessness, running away and family. My hope is that through
discussion, journal writing and in-depth projects, students will begin to understand and reflect
upon these issues in a deeply personal way.
This guide has been written to reflect the Boston Public Schools’ English Language Arts
Standards and Requirement for sixth graders. Many of the questions, activities and projects are
designed to help you meet these requirements. Throughout the guide, you will find activities
which relate to the standard requirements in one of four ways:
● Activities that fulfill the sixth grade Language Arts Student Requirements (these can be
found in the post-reading section);
● Writing assignments throughout the book which can become part of students’ writing
portfolios;
● Research activities that require students to read other text genres, such as newspapers,
which help to satisfy the requirement to read ten other genre pieces; and
● Activities and questions throughout the guide that directly relate to the focus themes and
questions. The goal is to help prepare students on an ongoing basis for their final key
questions essay(s).
Good luck as you begin reading Maniac Magee with your class. I hope you enjoy your journey
through this guide as much as I have enjoyed writing it.
Sincerely,
Sophie Degener
Author, Curriculum Guide
Dear Teachers,
In these mini lessons, I have attempted to pull out the teaching points in the many activities that
have been so thoughtfully planned in the original curriculum. The mini lessons are based on
author’s craft, story structure and good reading habits. It is my hope that by pulling out the
teaching point for these mini-lessons, teachers will be better able to use the curriculum within a
workshop model.
I based these mini-lessons on the idea that teachers may teach the books in any order.
Occasionally some of the mini-lessons are repeated in multiple books. This repetition is
deliberate in order to provide more practice with the skill. I envisioned the curriculum being used
in a classroom which allows opportunities for students to do a majority of the thinking involved
in reading a text. Many curriculums provide guiding or discussion questions for students.
However, when students read for enjoyment they may not have a list of discussion questions to
help them discuss the book with a friend or lead them to understand the bigger concepts.
Explicitly teaching students to create these questions on their own, to make connections, notice
character traits, recognize authors craft, etc. will make reading a more enjoyable and efficient
process for them. Allowing conversations within small groups around their own questions and
ideas about the books will prove to be satisfying for all. As they share opinions, debate character
motivations, discuss connections and ask questions of their peers they will become more and
more authentically engaged with the text.
This type of independence and group work does not come naturally to all children. In order for
this type of learning to work well there needs to be a lot of up front teaching around the
expectations, routines and group dynamics before students are to be set free. I have found the
Literature Circle model described by Harvey Daniels to be very helpful in establishing book
clubs in the classroom.
As you already know, providing a variety of reading opportunities the classroom is essential to
effective reading instruction. At times you may read these or other books aloud to the class,
have students read in pairs, or independently if the book is on their reading level or you may also
provide some students with a listening center, where they can listen to the book on tape. I found
that many of the books in this curriculum are available on tape or CD at local libraries.
As you use these mini lessons and the initial curriculum to provide explicit reading instruction
and establish a classroom of enthusiastic, critical, independent readers, I wish you many
animated conversations focused around great literature and the compelling topic of courage.
Enjoy,
Kelly K. Smith
Author, Mini Lessons
Guide Preview
Pre-Reading
This section includes background information and a summary of the book, as well as
biographical information about the author, Jerry Spinelli. It also gives suggestions for discussion
and activities to do before beginning to read Maniac Magee, in order to get students interested
and involved in the story. You will find that there are many writing activities included in this
section. This is because current research has shown that using writing as a pre-reading activity
significantly improves students’ comprehension (Noyce and Christie, 1989). When students are
able to access what they already know about a given subject, their subsequent reading about that
subject are facilitated. There are a variety of writing activities that allow students to activate
their prior knowledge about a subject, including K-W-L, semantic mapping and brainstorming.
You will see these activities throughout this guide.
Post-Reading
This section includes activities to be used once you have finished reading Maniac Magee. It will
also include a section devoted to each of the themes of the book, with key questions relating to
each of these themes.
Instructional Elements
The following instructional elements are present throughout the unit.
In addition, some of the questions and activities will also provide ideas for linking Maniac
Magee to the Boston Public Schools’ Key Questions and Close Reads with corresponding
concepts from the Boston Public Schools Standards and Curriculum Frameworks and Common
Core Standards (CCSS). There will also be Key Questions in the “Post-Reading” section. As
with all activities and questions, it is not necessary to answer or complete all questions. When
you preview the guide, it may be helpful to make a preliminary list of those questions which you
feel will most benefit your students. If you decide to use some of the Key Questions and Close
Reads to stimulate group discussion, you may want to jot down some ideas or comments made
by students on large chart paper. Students can refer to these at a later date if they are
independently working on a Key Question, particularly one from the Post-Reading questions.
You may wish to vary the placement of questions using some before and others after reading.
Although questions during a story can be an important means of assessing comprehension, you
may find that you do not want to interrupt the flow of this dramatic book. Before reading you
can ask the entire class to reflect upon what you read aloud or you may give different questions
to pairs of students. After reading, give your students time to discuss the questions with their
partners and then ask them to share their responses with the class. If two pairs of students reach
dissimilar conclusions, elicit further information from on why they feel the way they do.
Before beginning journal writing, assure students that their entries will not be graded and that
unless they choose to share what they have written, their writing is private. One effective
technique in journal writing is a dialogue journal in which students write and their teacher
responds in the journal to the content (not to grammar or spelling) of the entry. In this way,
dialogue journals can foster conversations between student and teacher. One strategy for making
this project more manageable for a large class is to ask three students a day who would like a
written response to volunteer to share their writing with you. Questions which may be
particularly appropriate for a dialogue journal will be marked with {Dialogue Journal}.
You may also wish to provide time for students to share their writing with another student or
with a small group of students. If you choose to pair students as “journal partners,” have
students write only on the right hand pages of their journal, reserving the left hand pages for their
journal partner’s response.
Sharing your own writing about the story with your class could be a way of enabling students to
become more comfortable with this activity. Before asking students to share with one another,
you may wish to discuss appropriate ways of listening and responding to others’ work. Remind
students to begin their response by first offering a positive comment such as: I like the way you
___________. The responder can then state how he or she feels about something specific in the
reader’s entry. Allow the reader to respond to the comment if he or she chooses to do so. Other
students may also want to join in the conversation or read aloud parts of their journal that relate
to the discussion.
After several sessions of modeling appropriate, positive responses to students’ sharing and
providing opportunities for students to practice as a whole group, students will be able to share
with a partner or small group. Sharing written responses to literature will not only encourage
your students to continue writing, it will also enrich and deepen their understanding of this
moving story.
Vocabulary
The vocabulary in Maniac Magee (Lexile 820, Readability Average) is relatively sophisticated,
though not especially difficult. At the beginning of each section, there will be a short list of tier
2 and 3 vocabulary words that you may wish to review with your students before beginning to
read. Using the chalkboard or overhead projector, write the words and ask students to predict
how they may be central to that day’s reading. Students should record these words in a mini-
dictionary (perhaps in a section of their Literature Journal) so that they can keep a record of
vocabulary words learned throughout the unit. Also, while you read, and while they reread,
students should jot down other words that they do not know, or that they find especially
significant to the story. Time should be made regularly for students to share the words that they
have recorded, and to discuss the words’ meanings and significance to the novel.
Mini Lesson
At the end of each chapter, you will find a mini lesson based on author’s craft, story structure
and good reading habits, supporting teachers using the Courage Curriculum within a workshop
model. We envision the curriculum being used in a classroom which allows opportunities for
students to do a majority of the thinking involved in reading a text. Many curriculums provide
guiding or discussion questions for students. However, when students read for enjoyment they
may not have a list of discussion questions to help them discuss the book with a friend or lead
them to understand the bigger concepts.
Explicitly teaching students to create these questions on their own, to make connections, notice
character traits, and recognize authors craft will make reading a more enjoyable and efficient
process for them. Allowing conversations within small groups around their own questions and
ideas about the books will prove to be satisfying for all. As they share opinions, debate character
motivations, discuss connections and ask questions of their peers they will become more and
more authentically engaged with the text.
Author’s Craft
Jerry Spinelli’s narrative style and his use of language are unique. He uses many literary
devices, including simile, analogy, foreshadowing, invented words and unusual sentence
structures. These devices make his descriptions incredibly vivid, but also add to the difficulty of
the novel. In order to help students understand and appreciate his writing style, the different
literary devices will be highlighted, when appropriate, throughout this guide.
Activities
After reading and discussing each section of the reading, there is a list of activities to choose
from that are connected to that day’s reading. They are designed to further promote
understanding of the story’s themes, characters, plot, settings, etc. Many activities are listed, but
it is not expected that teachers do them all. Choose those activities that best suit your needs.
The Max Connection
To help students make connection between Max Warburg’s story and Maniac Magee, this guide
will regularly demonstrate the parallels between the two stories, through discussion questions,
journal writing and activities.
Long-Term Projects
These are projects that will last throughout the Maniac Magee unit. In following either the
theme of overcoming prejudice or homelessness for a long period of time, students will be given
the opportunity to truly understand and become involved in these important issues. By taking a
stand and working to address the problems that are associated with these two issues, students will
have the chance to get to know the courageous people who have worked to improve our society,
as well as act courageously themselves.
Homelessness
In running away from his aunt and uncle, Jeffrey becomes homeless. He spends the entire novel
searching for a home and family, spending many nights at the zoo or in a variety of other
settings. Students will read books about homelessness, especially homeless children, exploring
the reasons for homelessness, understanding the problems and costs of homelessness in this
country. They will contact different agencies that deal with homelessness to get statistics and
other information. They will contact local shelters to inquire about the problem. They may visit
a shelter, or invite a shelter worker to come into the classroom. They will find out things that
they can do to help, perhaps working in a soup kitchen, donating clothing, getting to know
homeless children, etc. They will write up their research in a report to be presented to the class.
Ultimately, they will decide on a way to raise money either for a shelter or for organizations
designed to combat homelessness.
Close Reading
Build critical thinking via re-reading, and analysis of a passage. {Resource}
Author’s Craft
Discussion of a literary technique used by the author
Dialogue Journal
Signals a question or activity that lends itself to the dialogue journal method described in the
Guide Preview
Resources
Refers you to our website [www.maxcourage.org], where you will find a list of suggested
resources, by topic. These resources may be helpful in completing questions or activities, or in
connecting your students with this novel and its themes.
He first tried writing novels for adults, but was none too successful. Then he married children’s
writer Eileen Spinelli, who had six children. After one of the children (he still doesn’t know
which one) ate all of the fried chicken Spinelli was saving for lunch, and left only the bones in
the refrigerator, he wrote about it. The anecdote about the chicken bones became the beginning
of Spinelli’s first published novel, Space Station Seventh Grade.
With so many children, and so many childhood memories, Spinelli realized he had a wealth of
material about which he could write. He wrote once, “I saw that each of us, in our kid hoods,
was a Huckleberry Finn, drifting on a current that seemed tortuously slow at times, poling for the
shore to check out every slightest glimmer in the trees.” When asked by a child where he gets
his ideas, Spinelli replied, “From you. You’re the funny ones. You’re the fascinating ones.
You’re the elusive and inspiring and promising and heroic and maddening ones.”
Spinelli’s novels are quite popular with children, as they reflect so well on the ups and downs of
childhood and adolescence. Though many of his novels deal with difficult themes, Spinelli’s use
of humor and his accurate portrayals of children make his novels incredibly appealing, through-
provoking and enjoyable.
Manic Magee tells the story of Jeffrey Lionel Magee, who runs away from a difficult home-life,
into the fictional town of Two Mills, Pennsylvania (set very close to Spinelli’s own home town
of Norristown). There his amazing athletic feats, coupled with his courageous efforts to unite the
blacks and whites of the town, make him a legend in his own time. The story is not only highly
entertaining, but also deeply moving, as Jeffrey searches for acceptance, love and a family and
home to call his own.
Spinelli won many awards for writing Maniac Magee, including the 1990 Boston Globe/Horn
Book award for fiction and the 1991 Newbery Medal. The American Library Association wrote
about the novel, “Spinelli imparts lessons about poverty, homelessness and prejudice in a
powerful contemporary novel that also shines with the qualities of old-fashioned tall tales.”
Background Information:
Maniac Magee
The novel takes place in Two Mills, Pennsylvania, which is a fictional town, but many locations
in the novel are real. Bridgeport and Hollidaysburg are real places, as is the Schuylkill River. In
Chapter 33, reference is made to a variety of other real towns in Pennsylvania. Also, Jeffrey
spends the night at Valley Forge, which is where George Washington and his army spent one
winter during the Revolutionary War. Keeping a map of the different places Maniac goes, and
explaining the significance of Valley Forge, will help the students to better understand the
setting.
The main themes of the novel are courage, overcoming prejudice and discrimination,
homelessness, running away, family and friendship. See the supplementary reading list for
books and poetry that deal with these themes. To help students better understand the more
difficult themes, particularly that of overcoming prejudice, you may want to spend some time
discussing the history of segregation and discrimination in this country, the Civil Rights
Movement, and how courageous people in this country continue to work to overcome prejudice.
Synopsis: Maniac Magee
When Jeffrey Lionel Magee is just three years old, his parents die in a trolley crash in
Bridgeport. He is sent to live with his aunt and uncle 200 miles away. His aunt and uncle are
not happily married, and refuse to speak to each other. After eight unhappy years with them,
Jeffrey finally snaps at a school concert and then runs away. He ends up back near Bridgeport,
in the fictional town of Two Mills. Jeffrey astounds the townspeople with his daring and athletic
feats, becoming a legend in the town as well as earning the nickname, “Maniac.”
Unfortunately, in spite of Jeffrey’s amazing abilities, he is unable to solve two major problems:
First of all, he is unable to unite the East End, where the black townspeople live, with the West
End, where the white townspeople live. He is forced to confront prejudice and racism for the
first time in his life, and realizes that solving racial problems is not as easy as hitting a fastball or
untying a knot. Second, he is unable to find a permanent home for himself and become the son
he so desperately wants to be.
Facing these two problems, Jeffrey meets many complex characters, including Amanda Beale, of
the East End, who carries her entire book collection with her in a suitcase and whose family
provides a loving, yet at first only temporary home for Jeffrey; Mars Bar, a tough East Ender
who introduces Jeffrey to the concept of prejudice; Grayson, an old man who works in the park
and who becomes a father figure to Jeffrey; and McNab, a teenager from the West End who is
filled with hate for and fear of black people. How Jeffrey touches the lives of all he meets and
ultimately takes a major first step forward in uniting the two ends of town makes for poignant,
often funny, sometimes horrifying, and always immensely satisfying reading. The novel ends
when Jeffrey finally finds a home to call his own, with Amanda and her family.
Pre-Reading Activities
Tell students that they are going to read a novel about a boy who acts courageously in dealing
with homelessness and prejudice. Show them a copy of Maniac Magee. Point out that the cover
of the book shows the legs and feet of someone who is running. Ask them to write predictions
about what the story will be about. You may want to have them respond orally, or in their
literature journals, about the following questions:
● Do you know anyone who you would consider to be a maniac?
● Why do you think the main character is called Maniac?
● What kind of courageous acts do you think a “maniac” would do?
● Why do you think Maniac is running? Is he running away? Is he running towards
something?
Throughout the course of the novel, the students will read about many instances of courage from
Jeffrey as well as the other main characters. As they read, they should keep track of the
courageous acts of the different characters. You may want to have them keep a list of the
different main characters and their acts of courage.
As you read the novel to the class, consider starting an artifact collection of objects mentioned in
the book. Sometimes objects can seem strange out of context. Having the objects available in
class may help students to better visualize them, and make the book come to life. You may want
to start the collection, and then have students add to it as you read. Some possible objects to
include in the collection are: a Mars Bar, a sneaker, an “A” volume of the encyclopedia, a
baseball glove, raisins, a copy of The Little Engine That Could, etc.
Be aware that there is some coarse language in this novel. Spinelli writes the way he believes
people really talk, and at times his characters say words that students may not be used to reading
class. This language does not take away from the novel at all, in fact it is quite appropriate in
context, but it is something to keep in mind as you read aloud.
Mini Lesson: Point of View
What you might say: As you begin reading this book you will notice that many of the
characters come from different places. When I say this I do not mean different towns, or areas
exactly, I mean that they have different backgrounds and therefore they look at situations
differently. We may say they have a different point of view.
Next steps:
Set up a unique shaped object in a box with small holes. (Put a hole in the top of the box so light
can get in) Allow different students to peak in only one hole at a time and describe the object to
the class, possibly even guessing what it is. You may create the object in the box so you can be
sure that each side has different colors, shapes, etc. Have only one student look at the entire
object. The rest of the students should share what they saw and the one student with the whole
view will let them know if they are correct or not.
Lead a discussion around how each student saw this object from a different point of view. Does
that mean they were wrong when they described the object, even if what they said made no sense
to you? Relate this activity to the historical events or local disputes you may be discussing.
(Sides of North vs. South in Civil War, colonists vs. loyalists in Revolutionary War, developers
vs. naturalists in a town meeting, etc.) Have students share their experiences or examples of
point of view.
Before the Story
Summary
Pages 1-2*: In this section of the novel, the legend of Maniac Magee is introduced. The author
lets the reader know that it is hard to know what is true about Maniac, and what is myth. He
alludes to the different courageous feats that Maniac undertakes throughout the novel, and
foreshadows important incidents that will occur.
*Please note that the page numbers in this guide refer to the Little, Brown paperback edition,
1999.
Vocabulary
Have students look at the vocabulary words before you begin reading. Ask them to record the
words in a special section of their literature journal, define words and then have them make
predictions about the story based on the words. For example, students might look at today’s
words and predict that the book will be about a mythical character. Based on what they know
about myths, they might predict that the story will contain magical elements, or have characters
with obstacles to overcome. Though many students will not recognize all of the words, it is
likely that some of the students will know what each word means. Having students look at and
discuss the vocabulary words before you begin reading allows them to activate prior knowledge
about those words and make predictions about how the words will figure in the story. Also,
when students encounter these words in the reading, they will be more likely to remember them.
Myth (p. 1) a popular belief or tradition that has grown up around something or someone
Legend (p. 2) a story coming down from the past
Legacy (p. 2) something received from the past
Point of view is a very important concept in the novel. Maniac’s point of view is often very
different from the points of view of other characters. The chapter entitled, “Before the Story”
makes clear that different people believed different things about Maniac Magee. Students should
understand that sometimes, the way a story is told depends upon the point of view of the teller.
What is seen as fact and what is seen as myth may well depend on who’s telling the story.
Teacher Suggestions
● Make sure students understand exactly how Jeffrey’s parents died and where it happened.
The trolley crash and the trestle over the river figure prominently in the conclusion of the
story and are referred back to many times.
● Jeffrey becomes an orphan. You may want to spend some class time discussing exactly what
it means to be an orphan, and how Jeffrey must have felt losing both parents at once.
Next steps:
● Begin reading, model pulling out important information. As you continue, allow students to
help you pull out important information by raising their hand.
● Pass out sticky notes so that students can mark important information as you continue to read
the story. (As always have students read the way you see best, independently, in pairs,
listening, etc.)
● When you have completed reading go back and share the important events, discussing each
one and either keeping it or crossing it out if it is not important.
● Together clarify any misunderstandings by going back to the text.
Long-Term Project
Jeffrey runs away to escape what he believes is an intolerable situation. Unfortunately, he has no
other family to escape to. Basically, by leaving a bad situation, he becomes homeless. This is a
good time to introduce the concept of children and adolescents who are homeless. Ask students
to think about what kinds of things might cause a young person to become homeless. Sometimes
young people are homeless because they have run away from home, while other times it is
because the whole family is homeless. {Resources}
Chapters 3-8
Summary
Pages 10-29: The first person Jeffrey meets in Two Mills is Amanda Beale. He stops her
because he sees she has a suitcase and assumes that she, like him, is a runaway. However, he
soon finds out that her suitcase is filled with all her books, which she brings with her
everywhere, so they will not get ruined. She is suspicious of him at first, since he is white and
she is black, and in Two Mills, black kids and white kids do not talk to each other. Ultimately,
Jeffrey convinces Amanda to loan him a book, which he promises to return.
The rest of the reading details Jeffrey’s various appearances around town, from the football field,
where he catches a pass and kicks a perfect punt, all while still holding onto Amanda’s book, to
Finsterwald’s house, where he rescues a child from the scariest house in town, to the baseball
diamond, where he hits home run after home run off of the best pitcher in town. These chapters
serve to illustrate to the reader how Jeffrey came to be a legend in Two Mills, and how he got the
nickname Maniac.
Analogies
An analogy compares something unfamiliar to something familiar, so that the reader can better
understand the unfamiliar situation. For example, on page 16, Spinelli writes, “Kids stayed
away from Finsterwald’s the way old people stay away from Saturday afternoon matinees at a
two-dollar movie.” The reader does not know anything about Finsterwald, but we can certainly
understand why old people would not want to be at the movie theater on Saturdays, when all the
noisy kids are there. In writing analogies, Spinelli makes his point (that kids really did not want
to be around Finsterwald’s at all) clearly, yet creatively. As you read the rest of the book, ask
students to watch out for other analogies that are used. You may also want to have them write
their own. Consider posting a chart in the room on which students can write down the analogies
they find as they read.
Similes
A simile is a figure of speech comparing one thing to another, using the words “as” or “like”.
For example, on page 11, Spinelli writes, “[Jeffrey] and Amanda and the suitcase were like a
rock in a stream; the school-goers just flowed to the left and right around them.” In using this
simile, the reader gets a very clear image of Jeffrey and Amanda, planted in the middle of the
sidewalk, unmoving, while the streams of students moved around them. Spinelli’s writing is
replete with similes. As you read, students should try to note the use of simile. Perhaps you
could even keep a running list of similes that are used throughout the book.
Made-Up Words
Spinelli often creates words to serve his own purposes. Students should understand that
sometimes authors take liberties with the language in order to make their points more clearly, or
just for humor. For example, on page 16, Spinelli writes, “Later on that first day, there was a
commotion in the West End. At 803 Oriole Street, to be exact. At the backyard of 803 Oriole, to
be exacter.” Exacter is not a real word, but in the context, exacter sounds better and more
emphatic than more exact. On page 18, Spinelli creates the word finsterwallies, and even gives a
pseudo-dictionary definition of the word. On page 27, after Jeffrey bunts the frog, Spinelli
writes that it was “unbefroggable.” These made-up words add precision and humor to Spinelli’s
writing.
Foreshadowing
Foreshadowing is a literary device whereby a writer provides clues as to what will happen next
in the story. It is usually used when something exciting or unusual is about to happen. Spinelli
often uses foreshadowing at the end of chapters. For example, at the end of Chapter 8, Spinelli
writes, “This is what he was doing [wandering around town] when his life, as it often seemed to
do, took an unexpected turn.” Tell students that being aware of Spinelli’s foreshadowing will
help them to make predictions about the events of the book. As they read, ask students to keep
track of the different occasions in which foreshadowing is used.
(Model as you begin reading, and then allow students to raise their hand when they find what
they think may be examples. Try to discuss their ideas before continuing to read so students
have a chance to explain why they thought it was foreshadowing before finding out what really
happens)
Long-Term Projects
Prejudice and Discrimination
In this section of the book, we are first introduced to the idea that Two Mills is a racially divided
community, when Amanda wonders what a white kid is doing in the East Ends, where all the
other kids are black. This would be a good time to start talking to your students about the history
of racism and discrimination in the United States. Do a K-W-L chart with your students to find
out what they already Know about prejudice and discrimination and what they Want to learn
about it. (At the end of the unit, be sure to complete the chart by having them tell you what they
Learned about prejudice and discrimination.)
Ask students if they know of any place like Two Mills, where black and white people stay
mostly to themselves. Talk about the Civil Rights Movement and the history of segregation in
this country, including segregated schools, restaurants, buses, etc. Additionally, this chapter
could serve as an excellent starting point for a discussion on contemporary issues of prejudice
and discrimination, as well as the current state of race relations in our country. {Resources}
Homelessness
In Chapter 8, Maniac sleeps in the deer shed at the zoo because he doesn’t have an address. Ask
your students to consider where other homeless people spend their nights. Using book, internet
and other resources, as well as their own experiences, students should begin doing research to
find out about shelters and other places homeless people live. What do shelters look like? Do
they all accept homeless children? When do homeless people sleep when they cannot find a
shelter with beds? Students should take notes on this information to be used as part of a report
on homelessness. {Resources}
Chapters 9-11
Summary
Pages 30-40: In these chapters, Maniac discovers that Two Mills is not the friendly town it first
appeared to be. McNab, very upset by his run-in with Maniac on the baseball diamond, gathers
his gang members, the Cobras, and together they go looking for Maniac, intent on beating him
up. They find him and chase him, until he crosses Hector Street, the boundary between the West
End and the East End. Though Maniac doesn’t know why, they stop chasing him at this point
because white people, especially white kids, do not go into the East End. While in the East End,
Maniac runs into Mars Bar, a tough black teenager. After teasing Maniac for a while, Mars Bar
spots Amanda’s book, which Maniac is still carrying around with him. Mars Bar takes the book,
but Maniac snatches it back, all except one page, which Mars Bar holds onto and refuses to
return. Fortunately, a neighborhood woman comes out to intervene. Mars Bar returns the page,
now crumpled, and temporarily disappears. Soon thereafter, Mars Bar returns and continues to
harass Maniac about the book. This time Amanda shows up and yells at Mars Bar until he slinks
away. Amanda invites Maniac back to her house.
Exposition: The start of the story, the setting, before the action starts
Rising Action: Series of events and conflicts that set the stage for the climax
Climax: The turning point, the most intense moment
Falling Action: All of the events that follow the climax
Resolution: Conclusion, ending, tying together all of the pieces
Right now where do we think we are in the plot? (Rising Action) What can you anticipate about
the book? (Turn and talk) Here you may be looking for students to understand that the author is
only preparing them for the really good stuff, the best of the book is yet to come. Students may
predict what the climax will be.
Journals/ Literature Circles: Have students create a plot diagram in their journals. Have
students label each section with the chapters that match them as they read. For examples
chapters 1-3 may go in the exposition, while chapter 4 will be added to the rising action. You
may have student do this quickly as a group each time they meet in Literature Circles. Once you
get close to the climax there can be great discussion and debate about what exactly fits into that
category.
● There are many good descriptions of Maniac throughout these chapters. In pairs, have your
students reread in order to find these descriptions, and then create a drawing or picture of
Maniac. They should think carefully about how they want to present him. What is he doing?
Who is he with? What is the setting? When they finish their pictures, ask students to create
a caption to explain exactly what they have drawn.
● The description on page 31 of Maniac running away from the Cobras would lend itself to
begin read aloud, because of the tension involved and the opportunity for oral expression.
Have students practice reading this passage aloud with a partner, using expression to reveal
the excitement of the scene.
Today I want to point out to you that authors use many different ways to help readers get to
know their characters. They use action (what the character does), dialogue (what the character
says) and internal thought (what the character thinks inside their heads). Which do you think is
the most telling?
Photo copy a page or two from the book. Have students highlight action, internal thought and
dialogue in different colors. What does the author use most of, least of?
Have students write a poem about themselves that follows the same structure:
Name
Description of self
Who _______________
Who _______________
Who _______________
Who _______________
Who _______________
Name
Long-Term Projects
Homelessness
Create a list of homeless shelters in your area. Have students use the information they have
collected about homelessness to create interview questions for a shelter employee. You may
want to invite a shelter employee or volunteer to your classroom to give a presentation on
homelessness and shelters, and field students’ questions.
Chapters 16-21
Summary
Pages 57-76: In this section, Maniac becomes the victim of discrimination because of his skin
color. Though the Beales accept him wholeheartedly, there are others in the East End that cannot
see beyond his skin color. On a hot day, when the whole neighborhood has turned out to go
splashing through the fire hydrant water, a man Maniac doesn’t know calls him “Whitey” and
tells him to go back to his own people. When vandals write “FISHBELLY” on the Beales’
house, Maniac begins to realize that his staying with them is causing them trouble.
Maniac wants to leave because he doesn’t want to cause the Beales pain or suffering, but
Amanda thinks of a plan that she believes will make Maniac a hero, even in the East End. Manic
is very good at untangling knots, so Amanda has him attempt to untie the knot at Cobble’s
Corner, a feat that has never been done. Maniac gives it a try, and many people turn out to watch
him. After many hours of work, he unties the knot, and there is a joyous celebration. However,
when Maniac realizes that the confetti that is being thrown is actually torn-up pages from
Amanda’s beloved “A” encyclopedia, he feels that he has caused the Beale family too much
pain, and he walks out of town, straight down Hector street, with the Cobras taunting him from
one side, and Mars Bar and his friends taunting him from the other.
Journals/ Literature Circles: Have students discuss the examples from page 59. Try to change
one of them into a simile, metaphor (assuming you have already taught these strategies). Which
style of writing do they like best? Why, what images do they form in their minds? Which do
they think is the easiest to write? Have students use imagery to create a paragraph that shows,
not tells. They could write their own “It was so hot” images, or they could describe a cold day,
rainy day, etc.
● Pretend you are Amanda. Write Maniac a letter explaining how you felt after he left, and
trying to convince him to come back to your house.
Journals/ Literature Circles: Discuss why Spinelli might write from the buffalo’s perspective
rather than Maniac’s. In their journals students might write about an event/experience from their
own perspective. You then may have them attempt to write about the same event from the
perspective of an object involved in that event (pencil, fork, sneaker, etc.)
● Grayson has some serious misconceptions about black people because he has never known
any. Ignorance is often a major reason that people are prejudiced. As a class, talk about
different prejudices people have, and why they have them. {Resources}
● Maniac spends a lot of time in the buffalo pen. In the story, the buffaloes treat him very well.
Would the same thing have happened in real life? Have students read about buffaloes in
order to find out how they might have responded to Maniac.
Long-Term Projects
Homelessness
Maniac doesn’t want to go to school unless he has a home. Ask your students to search for
answers to the following questions:
● What do other homeless children do about school? Do they have to go?
● How many students in your school district are homeless?
Suggest that students contact shelters and talk to your principal or school social worker about
how homeless children deal with their schooling. {Resources}
Overcoming Prejudice and Discrimination
Grayson has prejudices about black people because of his ignorance. What are some of the best
ways to overcome ignorance and prejudice? Contact organizations that deal with racism and
discrimination. What do they believe are the best ways to overcome prejudice? Develop a list of
questions to ask these organizations, and make sure to keep a written record of their answers.
{Resources}
Chapters 25-28
Summary
Pages 91-105: In this section, Maniac asks Grayson to tell him stories about his life. He finds
out that Grayson used to be a pitcher in the minor leagues. Grayson tells him many stories about
his pitching career- stories about being on the road, of striking out Willie Mays, some funny
stories, some happy stories. The last baseball story Grayson tells is about when scouts from the
major league came to watch him pitch, and he pitched a horrible game. From that point on,
Grayson’s life took a definite turn for the worse.
While Grayson is telling stories, he is also playing baseball with Maniac. The two have a great
time together. When Grayson tells Maniac that he ought to be in school, Maniac shows him all
the used books he has been buying, and says he is already in school. At that point, Grayson
reveals to Maniac that he cannot read, and asks Maniac to teach him. After a lot of hard work,
Grayson learns how to read, and reads The Little Engine That Could aloud to Maniac. Maniac
gives Grayson a big hug, and asks him to move into the baseball equipment room.
Examples:
The cat ran quickly through the woods. (You know the unknown word comes before the
noun, this must be a word that describes the cat)
Maniac sprints -ly through the streets, he definitely does not want to get caught. (The verb
is sprints; we know Maniac is doing the sprinting. The unknown word follows the verb (could
come right before the verb) and ends in “-ly.” We know any word ending in “-ly” is an adverb.
The unknown word must be describing the verb, sprints.
Journals/ Literature Circles: Choose an unknown word as students read. Write down the
sentence in their journals, digraph the sentence, labeling each of the parts, have students discuss
the possible meanings of the unknown word in their Literature Circles.
You may need to teach students how to look words up in dictionaries so they can check their
understanding. Focus on showing them how to determine the part of speech by using a
dictionary.
● Obtain a copy of The Little Engine That Could. Read it aloud to your class. Have students
reflect on why it was a good choice for Grayson’s first book.
● After Maniac pestered Grayson, he found out that Grayson had some really good stories to
tell. Have students ask a family member (mother, father, grandparent, etc.) to tell them a
story of his or her life that they have not heard before. Students can either tape record it, or
write it down, and bring it in to share with the class.
● Ask students to create a character map for Grayson to show what you have learned about
him. What more would you like to find out about him?
Long-Term Projects
Overcoming Prejudice and Discrimination
Because this chapter deals with baseball stories, this would be an ideal time to discuss the Negro
Leagues of baseball, and how baseball finally became integrated. You may choose to read the
book Teammates by Peter Golenbock to your class, which tells the story of Jackie Robinson and
his teammate Pee Wee Reese, who publically supported Robinson’s efforts to integrate baseball.
Discuss how both men were courageous, and the importance of working together to affect
change. Ask students to do further research about the Negro Leagues and how they because
integrated. Students could also research other sports and the impact that racism had on them.
Have students type up their research as a report. {Resources}
Chapter 29-31
Summary
Pages 106-114: After Grayson moves into the baseball equipment room, he and Maniac become
a family. They celebrate Thanksgiving together, stuffing themselves and then dancing the polka.
That same night, Maniac goes outside and paints the number 101 over the door of the equipment
room. For Christmas, they decorate every inch of their room and even get a tree. They have so
much Christmas spirit, that they also go outside, to decorate another tree.
On Christmas day, they get up and go outside to visit their tree as well as to wish the buffaloes a
Merry Christmas. They go back to eat breakfast and open their gifts. Maniac gives Grayson a
book he has written called, The Man Who Struck Out Willie Mays, and Grayson gives Maniac his
old pitching glove. It was a perfect Christmas, but the chapter ends abruptly: “Five days later the
old man was dead.”
Journals/ Literature Circles: What feelings did you have when you read this sentence? Would
you have preferred to be warned via foreshadowing or details leading up to the shocking news?
Are you curious about how he died?
● Ask students to draw or paint a picture of their families sharing their favorite holiday.
Students should write a short description of the holiday, the customs their family follows, and
why it is special to them.
● The author gives a very detailed description of Maniac and Grayson’s Christmas, particularly
the decorating they do. Using the description to guide them, have students draw a scene from
Maniac and Grayson’s Christmas. Students should try to get all of the details that they can
into the picture.
● Ask students to make a time line that shows how the relationship between Grayson and
Maniac evolves over time. The time line should begin in August, when Grayson first finds
Maniac, and end in December.
Long-Term Projects
Homelessness
What do homeless families do for the holidays? Contact a homeless shelter to find out ways
your class can help make the holidays happier for homeless families. You may want to start a
food drive at school, or ask students to bring in old clothes and /or gifts to share with homeless
children. Students could also design holiday greeting cards for a local shelter to give to
homeless children.
Chapter 32
Summary
Pages 115-118: This chapter shows what happens when Maniac discovers Grayson’s dead body.
Rather than go to someone for help, Maniac instead spends the morning talking to Grayson about
everything, including the places the two of them might have gone. He reads aloud all the books
that Grayson had learned to read, and only after that does he cry. Maniac is the only one who
attends Grayson’s funeral. Trash-collectors serve as pallbearers, and the minister is late. As the
pallbearers grow increasingly impatient to get the coffin into the ground, Maniac runs away, not
wanting to see what they might do if the minister does not show up.
Journals/ Literature Circles: Together choose a word to describe how Maniac is feeling. Have
partners or small groups go and find evidence that supports your idea, share out and discuss how
each of the details from the story support or do not support the chosen attribute. You may have
students write an essay on this topic as a follow up.
● The Little Engine That Could and Mike Mulligan’s Steam Shovel are the two books that the
author refers to when he writes about Grayson learning to read. Ask students to read the two
books, then compare and contrast them. They should also respond to the following
questions: Why do you think the author selected these two books? Are they good choices?
Can you think of other books that would also have been appropriate?
Long-Term Project
As a class, contact a local or national homelessness and/or civil rights organization. Invite a
speaker to come into the classroom to provide information and answer questions that students
may have about the issues they have been learning about. As a class, create a list of questions to
ask the speaker. Students can write up a report of the visit, perhaps to be included in a school,
classroom or local newspaper. {Resources}
Chapters 33-37
Summary
Pages 121-142: After Grayson died, Maniac runs all over the place. He sleeps in a variety of
places, and gets food at the soup kitchens or by doing odd jobs for people. One day he finds
himself at Valley Forge, and discovers a tiny cabin- a replica of the Continental Army’s shelters.
He throws away the food he has left, wraps himself in a blanket, lies down in the cabin and waits
to die. However, when he hears two children talking, he leaves the cabin to see what is going on.
The two kids turn to be from Two Mills who have run away, and Maniac gets them to go back by
promising them a pizza at Cobble’s Corner. It turns out that the two kids are McNab’s brothers.
After Maniac convinces McNab that he hadn’t kidnapped his brothers, and after he tells the
brothers that McNab really was able to strike him out, using the “stopball,” McNab invites
Maniac to stay at his house.
The McNab house is absolutely horrifying- messy, with garbage all over the place, and what first
looks like raisins, but which turn out to be roaches. The only food in the fridge is beer and
mustard. Maniac does not want to stay in the house, but does anyway, because he believes
McNab’s brothers, Russell and Piper, need him there. Maniac’s mission is to make sure that the
brothers go to school. To get them to go, he makes all kinds of promise, and uses numerous
bribes. Eventually he starts to do his legendary feats again, in order to get them to go to school.
Depending on how much you have already taught non-fiction reading you may need more or less
guided practice and instruction around this. The Valley Forge Historical Association provides a
variety of online resources that may be helpful in choosing an appropriate article for your
students.
Journals/ Literature Circles: Discuss whether knowing more about Valley Forge helped
students to understand and enjoy the book more. How so? What plans could you make for
finding out background information when reading a book on your own?
● Have students make a chart that compares the different settings of the novel. In addition to
describing what each setting looks like, they should include the emotional response that each
setting causes them and the characters to feel. See Appendix, Chapter 33-37 Activity for
handout
Equipment Room at
the Y
Valley Forge
McNab’s House
● Having Maniac in their lives makes a big difference to Russell and Piper. Try to arrange for
your class to become mentors or pen pals to a group of primary grade students. Your
students can write letters to them, read books to them, have a party with them, etc.
● Maniac returns to Finsterwald’s and this time has a conversation with him. Ask students to
describe this mysterious Finsterwald, and write down the conversation that they think may
have occurred between him and Maniac. Share these descriptions and conversations in class.
Teacher Suggestion
The idea of a family building a “pillbox” to protect themselves against supposed attack may be
quite unfamiliar to students. Before reading this section of the novel, take time to discuss who
would want to build a pillbox, and why. You may want to discuss gangs, rival gang activity and
the violence that comes from gang fighting. Note that the McNabs and the Cobras have no
apparent reason to be protecting themselves from attack. It is their ignorance and paranoia, as
well as their prejudice against black people that has caused them to build the pillbox and arm
themselves.
Character vs. Character – One character having a struggle with another character (human or not)
in the book. (Ex. Two characters who really don’t like each other for moral reasons)
Character vs. Nature – In this the character seems to be struggling with the elements of nature.
(Weather, trees/plants, mountains, etc.)
Character vs. Society - The main character is in conflict with a larger group such as a culture,
society or community. (The character could be fighting against war, stereotypes, prejudice, etc.)
Character vs. Himself – Character is having some kind of inner conflict. (They may be trying to
change themselves, they may have new realizations as they grow up, etc.)
As we read this chapter I want you to start thinking about what types of conflicts Spinelli has
included in this story. As you read or immediately following the reading, have students jot down
the different conflicts they have noticed.
Journals/ Literature Circles: If Spinelli chose to leave one of these conflicts out of the story
which should it be? How would it affect the story? On the other hand which is the most
important conflict? Which conflict can you relate to the most?
Manic gets Mars Bar to agree to go to the party. First, Maniac takes him to the Pickwells’, to
show him how warm and loving a white family can be. Then, they go to the birthday party
together. Neither George McNab nor the Cobras respond well when Mars Bar enters the house.
George refers to him as “it” and one of the Cobras jumps on top of Mars Bar. Maniac has to
hold Mars Bar back to keep him from going after the Cobra. It is an altogether uncomfortable
time, and Mars Bar leaves the party very angry at Maniac. The chapter ends though, with
Maniac feeling a whole new respect for Mars Bar.
Journals/ Literature Circles: What characters have acted as protagonists? Antagonists? Have
they changed throughout the story? (Note the prefixes pro- and anti- in the two words, use these
to help students remember the meanings and/or to teach the meanings of the prefixes)
Later, Maniac is awakened at the buffalo pen by Mars Bar. He has come to ask Maniac why he
walked away from Russell. Maniac explains the story about his parents, and then Mars Bar tells
Maniac what happened on the trestle. Mars Bar rescued Russell, and then he brought both boys
to his home, where Mars Bar’s mother took care of them. Piper and Russell did not want to go
home at the end of the day.
After telling the story, Mars Bar invites Maniac to come stay at his house. Maniac declines the
invitation, and Mars Bar’s feelings are hurt. That night, Maniac is again awakened in the buffalo
pen, but this time by Amanda, who is with Mars Bar. She had come to yell at Maniac for turning
down Mars Bar’s invitation. Then she tells Maniac that he has no choice- he will go home with
Amanda, and he will live at the Beales’ every day from now on, and he will not run away again.
Maniac goes with Amanda without saying a word, knowing that he now has a home.
Teacher Suggestion
Before beginning today’s reading, discuss with your students all the different conflicts that have
occurred throughout the novel. Which conflicts do students feel have already been resolved?
Which conflicts do they believe still need to be resolved in order for the novel to end
satisfactorily? Have students predict what they think might happen in order to resolve the
conflicts.
Journals/ Literature Circles: What movies or books have you experienced that use different
types of organization? What do you think would be the easiest to write?
● The novel ends on a positive note, with Maniac finally getting the family he so deeply
wanted. This is a great time to celebrate the important of family. Consider finding a
picture book of families across the world. Discuss what it means to be a family, and
identify different types of family constellations. Is any kind of family “better” than
another? Have students create a description of their own family, including family photos,
family stories and their feelings about their families.
● Dress up as a character from the book and discuss your behavior and actions throughout the
book with the class. Have the class ask you questions, and answer them as if you were the
character.
● Create a board game that is based on the book. What will you call it? What is the point of
the game? How do you win? What will the board look like? Create playing pieces and
cards that will evoke the setting, characters, problems and resolutions of the novel.
● Were you unsatisfied by the ending, or do you think it could have ended differently? Write a
new ending that you think will be a more satisfactory conclusion.
● Change an event in the story, and write how the story would have been different. For
example, how would the story had changed if Grayson hadn’t died? What if Mars Bar had
refused to save Russell? What if Maniac had not won the race with Mars Bar?
● On page 2, there is a jump rope rhyme that kids in Two Mills chant about Maniac. Write
your own jump rope rhyme, or write a song, that tells about one of Maniac’s legendary feats.
● Are you curious about what happened to Russell and Piper? Write a new chapter, or
epilogue, that tells the story of the McNab household and what might have happened as a
result of Russell and Piper’s experiences with Maniac and Mars Bar.
● Discuss how Maniac’s story is similar to Max’s story. What do the two characters have in
common? How is their courage similar? How is it different?
Key Questions
Theme: Courage
Topics
Courage to leave a bad situation;
Courage to stand up for your beliefs;
Courage to face prejudice;
Courage to go against popular opinion;
Courage to be different
Questions
● What is courage?
● How does Maniac show courage?
● How do the other main characters show courage?
● What do you think is the most courageous act of the book? Why do you think so?
● Some of the things that Maniac does are brave, but not necessarily courageous. Give an
example of one of these things. What is the difference between courage and bravery?
● What is the most courageous thing you have ever done?
Questions
● What does it mean to be prejudiced?
● How did Maniac solve his problems with people who didn’t like him? Give examples and
tell what we can learn from his style. What else could he have done?
● What could you do to stop prejudice?
● Is there every a good reasons to be prejudiced?
● Why do you think people have prejudices?
● What is the best way to stop prejudice, in your opinion?
Theme: Homelessness
Topics
There are many reasons why people may be homeless;
Homeless people do not necessarily choose to be homeless;
Children can be homeless, too.
Questions
● What might happen to lead to someone becoming homeless?
● What events led to Maniac’s being homeless?
● How do you think Maniac felt about being homeless?
● Was there another character in the book that was homeless in spirit, if not in reality?
● How would you feel if you suddenly became homeless? What would you do?
Theme: Family
Topics
There are many possible forms a family can take;
Having parents or other relatives does not necessarily mean you have a family;
Families are supposed to provide love and acceptance;
Your family is not necessarily related by blood to you;
Some families do not provide the love and support that children need.
Questions
● Are Grayson and Maniac a family?
● Are the McNabs a family?
● What are the differences between these two families?
● Which of the families in the novel would you most want to live with? Why?
● What do you think makes a good family?
● How do you think it feels to lose an important family member?
Appendix: Maniac Magee
Maniac Magee Chapter 9-11 Mini Lesson
Name: _________________________________________
Directions: In the space provided, note the events and conflicts that make up each part of the
story plot of Maniac Magee.
Exposition
Rising Action
Climax
Falling Action
Resolution
Maniac Magee Chapter 15 Activity
Name: ______________________________________________
On page 54 of Maniac Magee, there is a description of Maniac that reads almost like a poem:
Directions: Write a poem about yourself that follows the same structure:
Name ______________________________________________________
Who ______________________________________________________
Who ______________________________________________________
Who ______________________________________________________
Who ______________________________________________________
Who ______________________________________________________
Name ______________________________________________________
Maniac Magee Chapter 33-37 Activity
Name: _________________________________________________
Equipment
Room at
the Y
Valley Forge
McNab’s
House
Boston Public Schools ELA Key Questions
Topic
● What is this book or chapter about?
Theme
● What lessons is the author trying to teach?
● Do you agree or disagree with the author’s point of view?
Plot
● What are the most memorable or significant events? Why these?
● What role did they play in developing the theme?
● What’s going to happen next? Did it?
Characterization
● Who are the most important characters? What makes them so important?
● How do they help develop the theme?
● What are their key characteristics?
Conflict
● What challenges are the key characters wrestling with?
● How are they responding to them?
● How should they respond? How would you respond?
Setting
● How do location, time, and culture affect the characters and plot?
● What role do they play in developing the theme?
● Would the story be different in another location, time, or culture?
Language
● How does the author’s use of language enhance the story?
Connections
● What comparisons can you make between the characters and events in the book/chapter, yourself,
and contemporary characters/events you’re familiar with?
Significance
● Why is this book important?
● Is there anything unique about this book? Is there anything difficult or challenging?
● Would you recommend this book to a friend? Why or why not?
General
● What are the most interesting things you learned?
● What surprised or amazed you?
● How would you change any part of this book/chapter? How would this affect the story?