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ISyE 2028: Basic Statistical Methods

HW #5 (due in class on Tuesday, 03/26/2019)

1. (Problem 9.2.7)
The life in hours of a battery is known to be approximately normally distributed with
standard deviation σ = 1.25 hours. A random sample of 10 batteries has a mean life of 𝑥̅ =
40.5 hours.
a) Is there evidence to support the claim that battery life exceeds 40 hours? Use α = 0.5.
b) What is the P-value for the test in part (a)?
c) What is the β-error for the test in part (a) if the true mean life is 42 hours?
d) What sample size would be required to ensure that β does not exceed 0.10 if the true mean
life is 44 hours?
e) Explain how you could answer the question in part (a) by calculating an appropriate
confidence bound on battery life.

2. (Problem 9.2.8)
Supercavitation is a propulsion technology for undersea vehicles that can greatly increase
their speed. It occurs above approximately 50 meters per second when pressure drops
sufficiently to allow the water to dissociate into water vapor, forming a gas bubble behind
the vehicle. When the gas bubble completely encloses the vehicle, supercavitation is said to
occur. Eight tests were conducted on a scale model of an undersea vehicle in a towing basin
with the average observed speed 𝑥̅ = 102.2 meters per second. Assume that speed is
normally distributed with known standard deviation σ = 4 meters per second.
a) Test the hypothesis H0: μ = 100 versus H1: μ < 100 using α = 0.05.
b) What is the P-value for the test in part (a)?
c) Compute the power of the test if the true mean speed is as low as 95 meters per second.
d) What sample size would be required to detect a true mean speed as low as 95 meters per
second if you wanted the power of the test to be at least 0.85?
e) Explain how the question in part (a) could be answered by constructing a one-sided
confidence bound on the mean speed.

3. (Problem 9.3.3)
For the hypothesis test H0: μ = 7 against H1: μ ≠ 7 with variance unknown and n = 20,
approximate the P-value for each of the following test statistics.
a) t0 = 2.05
b) t0 = −1.84
c) t0 = 0.4

4. (Problem 9.3.6)
An article in the ASCE Journal of Energy Engineering (1999, Vol. 125, pp. 59–75) describes
a study of the thermal inertia properties of autoclaved aerated concrete used as a building
material. Five samples of the material were tested in a structure, and the average interior
temperatures (°C) reported were as follows: 23.01, 22.22, 22.04, 22.62, and 22.59.
a) Test the hypotheses H0: μ = 22.5 versus H1: μ ≠ 22.5, using α = 0.05. Find the P-value.
c) Compute the power of the test if the true mean interior temperature is as high as 22.75.
d) What sample size would be required to detect a true mean interior temperature as high
as 22.75 if you wanted the power of the test to be at least 0.9?
e) Explain how the question in part (a) could be answered by constructing a two-sided
confidence interval on the mean interior temperature.

5. (Problem 9.3.7)
An article in Growth: A Journal Devoted to Problems of Normal and Abnormal Growth
[“Comparison of Measured and Estimated Fat-Free Weight, Fat, Potassium and Nitrogen of
Growing Guinea Pigs” (1982, Vol. 46(4), pp. 306–321)] reported the results of a study that
measured the body weight (in grams) for guinea pigs at birth.

421.0 452.6 456.1 494.6 373.8


90.5 110.7 96.4 81.7 102.4
241.0 296.0 317.0 290.9 256.5
447.8 687.6 705.7 879.0 88.8
296.0 273.0 268.0 227.5 279.3
258.5 296.0
a) Test the hypothesis that mean body weight is 300 grams. Use α = 0.05.
b) What is the smallest level of significance at which you would be willing to reject the null
hypothesis?
c) Explain how you could answer the question in part (a) with a two-sided confidence
interval on mean body weight.

6. (Problem 9.4.4)
Reconsider the percentage of titanium in an alloy used in aerospace castings from Exercise
8.3.1. Recall that s = 0.37 and n = 51.
a) Test the hypothesis H0: σ = 0.25 versus H1: σ ≠ 0.25 using α = 0.05. State any necessary
assumptions about the underlying distribution of the data. Find the P-value.
b) Explain how you could answer the question in part (a) by constructing a 95% two-sided
confidence interval for σ.

7. (Problem 9.5.2)
Suppose that of 1000 customers surveyed, 850 are satisfied or very satisfied with a
corporation’s products and services.
a) Test the hypothesis H0: p = 0.9 against H1: p ≠ 0.9 at α = 0.05. Find the P-value.
b) Explain how the question in part (a) could be answered by constructing a 95% two-sided
confidence interval for p.

8. (Problem 9.7.1)
Consider the following frequency table of observations on the random variable X.

Values 0 1 2 3 4
Frequency 4 21 10 13 2

a) Based on these 50 observations, is a binomial distribution with n = 6 and p = 0.25 an


appropriate model? Perform a goodness-of-fit procedure with α = 0.05.
b) Calculate the P-value for this test.

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