I.

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

Objectives

At the end of this unit, you should be able to

1. Differentiate function from relation
2. Determine the domain and range
3. Evaluate functions
4. Sketch graphs of functions and relations, and
5. Perform operations and composition of functions.

1.1 The Rectangular Cartesian Coordinate System

The rectangular Cartesian coordinate system is a coordinate system which

associates each point on a plane with an ordered pair of real numbers, (𝑥, 𝑦). It
has two reference axes, a horizontal line called the 𝑥 axis and a vertical line
called the 𝑦 axis. The point of intersection of the axes is called the origin. The first
element 𝑥 in the ordered pair (𝑥, 𝑦) is called the 𝑥 coordinate or abscissa of the
point, while the second element 𝑦 is called the 𝑦 coordinate or ordinate of the
point.

The 𝒙 coordinate, or abscissa, of a point P is the directed distance from

the 𝑦 axis to the point. The abscissa of a point to the right of the 𝑦 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 is positive
and negative if a point is to the left of the 𝑦 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.

The 𝒚 coordinate, or ordinate, of a point P is the directed distance from

the 𝑥 axis to the point. The ordinate of a point above the 𝑥 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 is positive and
negative if a point is below the 𝑥 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.

The origin is the point of intersection of the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes and is denoted by
the ordered pair (0,0).

The coordinate system was introduced in 1637 by a French

mathematician and philosopher, René Descartes.

1.2 Relations and Functions

Let A and B be two nonempty sets of real numbers.

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 A relation is a set of ordered pairs of real numbers (𝑥, 𝑦) such that to each
𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 there corresponds at least one 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵.

The set of all permissible values of 𝑥 is called the domain of the relation
and the set of values of 𝑦 is called the range of the relation.

A function is a set of ordered pairs of real numbers (𝑥, 𝑦) such that to each
𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 there corresponds a unique 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵.

A function may be expressed or illustrated as a set of ordered pairs, an

arrow diagram relating two sets, in table form, an equation, or a graph.

Exercise 1

In each set, identify which are functions. Explain your answer.

1. Which of the following sets of ordered pairs defines a function?

𝐴 = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5), (5,1)}

𝐵 = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,3), (4,1), (5,1)}

𝐶 = {(1,2), (1,3), (3,4), (3,5), (5,1)}

How can you tell if a set of ordered pairs of real numbers defines a function?

2. Which of the following arrow diagrams illustrates a function?

a) A B b) A B c) A B

1 4 1 4
6 1
2 6 2 6
8 2
3 8 3

When do we say that an arrow diagram defines a function?

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 3. Which of the following tables of values defines a function?
A B C 𝑥 𝑦
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
1 3 1 ±1
1 2
2 3 4 ±2
2 3
3 3 9 ±3
3 4
4 3 16 ±4
4 5

How can one tell if a table of values gives a function?

4. Which of the given equations defines a function?

a) 𝑦 = √𝑥 2 + 1 b) 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3 = 0 c) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1
When can we say that an equation defines a function?

5. Which of the given graphs is a function?

a) b) c)

When do we say that a graph defines a function?

1.3 Graphs of Functions and Relations

The graph of a function or a relation consists of the set of all points whose
coordinates are the ordered pairs of real numbers of the function or relation. If
the function or relation is defined by an equation, the graph of the equation is
the same as the graph of the function or relation.

Consider 𝑦 as a function of 𝑥 denoted by 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). If the function is

defined by the equation
𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2,

this may also be expressed as

𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 2.

If a value is assigned to 𝑥, the value of the function 𝑦 or 𝑓(𝑥) may be

computed. This is done by substituting the value for 𝑥 in the equation.

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 If 𝑥 = −3, the value of the function 𝑓(−3) = 3(−3) + 2 𝑜𝑟 𝑓(−3) = −7.

The Vertical Line Test

If a vertical line is drawn and it cuts the graph at more than one point, this
means that there are more than one point on the graph having the same 𝑥
coordinate but different 𝑦 coordinates. This implies that the graph does not
define a function. The vertical line test tests if a given graph defines a function. If
any vertical line drawn does not cross the graph at more than one point, the
graph defines a function.

Horizontal Line Test

A function is one-to-one if each horizontal line intersects the graph of the

function in at most one point.

Symmetry of Graphs

A graph is symmetric with respect to the 𝒚 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 if whenever the point

given by (𝑥, 𝑦) is on the graph then (−𝑥, 𝑦) is also on the graph. See Figure 1.

A graph is symmetric with respect to the 𝒙 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 if whenever the point given
by (𝑥, 𝑦) is on the graph then (𝑥, − 𝑦) is also on the graph. See Figure 2.

A graph is symmetric with respect to the origin if whenever the point given
by (𝑥, 𝑦) on the graph then (−𝑥, − 𝑦) is also on the graph. See Figure 3.

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

Tests for Symmetry

The graph of an equation is symmetric with respect to

 the 𝒚 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 if the replacement of 𝑥 with – 𝑥 leaves the equation

unaltered.

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  the 𝒙 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 if the replacement of 𝑦 with – 𝑦 leaves the equation
unaltered.

 the origin if the replacement of 𝑥 with – 𝑥 and of 𝑦 with – 𝑦 leaves

the equation unaltered.

Example Tell the symmetry of the graph of the given equation.

𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 = 8

a) To test if it is symmetric with respect to the 𝒚 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔, replace 𝑥 with – 𝑥.

(−𝑥)2 − 2(𝑦)2 = 8

𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 = 8

Since the equation remains unaltered, the graph of the equation is

symmetric with respect to the 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.

b) To test if it is symmetric with respect to the 𝒙 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔, replace 𝑦 with – 𝑦.

𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 = 8
(𝑥)2 − 2(−𝑦)2 = 8
𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 = 8
Since the equation remains unaltered, the graph of the equation is
symmetric with respect to the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.

c) To test if it is symmetric with respect to the 𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒊𝒏, replace 𝑥 with – 𝑥and 𝑦

with – 𝑦.
𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 = 8
(−𝑥)2 − 2(−𝑦)2 = 8
𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 = 8
Since the equation remains unaltered, the graph of the equation is
symmetric with respect to the 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛.

1.4 Some Types of Functions and Their Graphs

a) Linear Function
A linear function has the equation, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏, where 𝑚 , 𝑏 ∈ ℝ . Its
graph is a straight line which rises to the right when 𝑚 > 0 and falls to
the right when 𝑚 < 0.

b) Identity Function
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 The identity function whose equation is given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 , is a linear
function with a slope of 1 and 𝑦 intercept of 0. Its graph bisects the first
and third quadrants.

c. Constant Function
The graph of a constant function, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐, where 𝑐 ∈ ℝ, is a straight
line parallel to the 𝑥 axis. It has a zero slope and 𝑦 intercept equal to 𝑐.

d. Squaring Function
The graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 is a parabola with vertex at the origin and
opens upward. It is symmetric with respect to the 𝑦 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.

e. Cubing Function
The graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 is a smooth rising curve which lies in the first
and third quadrants and passing through the origin. It is symmetric with
respect to the point of origin.

f. Square Root Function

The graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 is the part of the parabola which opens to
the right including the point of origin and the points above the 𝑥 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.

g. Rational Function
1
The graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 is a hyperbola whose parts lie at the first and
third quadrants and asymptotic to the axes. It is also symmetric with
respect to the origin.

h. Absolute Value Function

The absolute value function,𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥|, is defined as

𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 0
𝑓(𝑥) = {
−(𝑥) 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0

It has a V-shaped graph which lies at the first and second

quadrants including the point of origin and it is symmetric with respect to
the 𝑦 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.

i. Greatest Integer Function

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 The greatest integer function, 𝑓(𝑥) = ⟦𝑥⟧ or 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑥, is defined as
the greatest integer less than or equal to 𝑥. It is also called the step
function. (Why?)

j. Piecewise Defined Function

A piecewise defined function is a function which is defined by two
or more equations with each equation corresponding to a certain interval
of the function’s domain.
2
Example 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 𝑥≥0
2𝑥 𝑥<0

Which of the functions above can be considered piecewise

defined functions?

Exercise 2

Identify each of the following graphs and give the domain and range.

A. B.

C. 7 D.
 E. F.

G. H.

I. J.

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1.5 Operations on Functions

New functions are formed by performing operations on functions.

Let 𝑓 and 𝑔 be two functions and let 𝐷𝑓 be the domain of 𝑓 and 𝐷𝑔 be the
domain of 𝑔.

a) The sum of 𝑓 and 𝑔, denoted by 𝑓 + 𝑔 is the function defined by

(𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥). 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛: 𝐷𝑓 ∩ 𝐷𝑔
b) The difference of 𝑓 and 𝑔, denoted by 𝑓 − 𝑔 is the function defined
by
(𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥). 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛: 𝐷𝑓 ∩ 𝐷𝑔
c) The product of 𝑓 and 𝑔, denoted by 𝑓 ∙ 𝑔 is the function defined by
(𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) ∙ 𝑔(𝑥). 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛: 𝐷𝑓 ∩ 𝐷𝑔
d) The quotient of 𝑓 and 𝑔, denoted by 𝑓/𝑔 is the function defined by
(𝑓/𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) ÷ 𝑔(𝑥), where 𝑔(𝑥) ≠ 0. 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛: 𝐷𝑓 ∩ 𝐷𝑔 , 𝑔(𝑥) ≠ 0
e) The composite function of 𝑓 and 𝑔, denoted by 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 is the function
defined by (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)).
The resulting domain is the set of all permissible values of 𝑥 in the
domain of 𝑔 for which 𝑔(𝑥) is in the domain of 𝑓.

Difference Quotient of a Function

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 The difference quotient of a function 𝑓 is given by the expression

𝑓(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑥)
, ℎ≠0
ℎ

1.6 Inverse Functions

Two functions 𝑓 and 𝑔 are inverses of one another provided that
𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑥 for each 𝑥 in the domain of 𝑔 and
𝑔[𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑥 for each 𝑥 in the domain of 𝑓.

Finding the Inverse Function

Example Find the inverse function of 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 5.
1. Replace 𝑓(𝑥) by 𝑦.
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 5
2. Interchange 𝑥 and 𝑦.
𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 5
3. Solve the resulting equation for 𝑦.
𝑥−5
𝑦=
2
4. Replace 𝑦 by 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) which is the notation for the inverse function of 𝑓.

𝑥−5
𝑓 −1 (𝑥) =
2

5. Verify if 𝑓[𝑓 −1 (𝑥)] = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 −1 [𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑥

𝑥−5 (2𝑥+5)−5 2𝑥+5−5 2𝑥
2( )+5=𝑥−5+5= 𝑥 ; = = =𝑥
2 2 2 2

𝑥−5
Therefore, the inverse of 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 5 is 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = .
2

Graph of the Inverse Function

The graph of the inverse function 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) is a reflection of the graph of the
function 𝑓(𝑥) along the line 𝑦 = 𝑥. This means that if the point (𝑎, 𝑏) is in the
graph of 𝑓(𝑥), then the point (𝑏, 𝑎) must lie in the graph of 𝑓 −1 (𝑥).

Do all functions have inverse functions?

Exercise 3

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 1. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 − 4 , find

a) (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥)

b) (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥)

c) (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)
𝑓
d) (𝑔) (𝑥)

e) (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥)

and determine the domain of the resulting function.

2. Evaluate the indicated function where

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 4.

a) (𝑓 + 𝑔)(5)

b) (𝑓 − 𝑔)(−3)
2
c) (𝑓 ⋅ 𝑔) (5)
𝑓 1
d) (𝑔) (2)

e) (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(3)

3. Determine the difference quotient of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 6.

𝑥−2
4. Find the inverse function of 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥+5.

5. Sketch in one Cartesian plane the graphs of the identity function, 𝑓(𝑥) =
5𝑥 − 3 and 𝑓 −1 (𝑥).

II. LINEAR AND QUADRATIC FUNTIONS

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Objectives

At the end of this unit, you should be able to

1. Graph linear and quadratic functions.
2. Find the maximum or minimum value of a quadratic function.
3. Formulate and solve problems involving linear and quadratic functions.

2.1 Linear Functions

A linear function has the equation, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏, where 𝑚 , 𝑏 ∈ ℝ . Its

graph is a straight line. The value of 𝑚 indicates the constant increase or
decrease in the value of the function for a unit increase in the value of 𝑥. This
constant increase or decrease is called the 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒. The value of 𝑏 in the equation
is the value of the function when 𝑥 = 0 and is called the 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡. The point
(0, 𝑏) is the point of intersection of the line and the 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.

Example

Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 2. Here the slope, 𝑚 = 3 and the 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡, 𝑏 = −2. The value of
the function when 𝑥 = 2 is 𝑓(2) = 3(2) − 2 = 4. Increasing the value of 𝑥 by 1 unit,
that is letting 𝑥 = 3 corresponds to the value of the function 𝑓(3) = 3(3) − 2 = 7.
The increase in the value of the function is 3 (from 4 to 7) for a unit increase in
the value of 𝑥 . This is the value of 𝑚 in the given function. If we let 𝑥 = 4, the
value of the function will be 7 + 3 = 10, since the increase of 3 is constant. We
get the same value if we evaluate 𝑓(4) = 3(4) − 2 = 10.

Slope of a Line

Let 𝑃1 (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) and 𝑃2 (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) be points on a line. The slope, 𝑚 of the line can
be determined by
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚= .
𝑥2 − 𝑥1

The value of the numerator 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 gives the number of units to rise (if positive)or
fall (if negative), while the denominator 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 gives the number of units to
run/move right (if positive) or run/move left (if negative). Thus,

𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒, 𝑚 =
𝑟𝑢𝑛

Graph of a Linear Function

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 The graph of a linear function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 or 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 is a straight line,
having slope,𝑚 and 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡, 𝑏.

Example

Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 1.

The given equation has slope 𝑚 = 2 which can be interpreted as 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒, 𝑚 = 2 =

2 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒
= and 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 𝑏 = −1. To sketch its graph, plot first the 𝑦 −
1 𝑟𝑢𝑛
𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡, 𝑏 = −1.From the 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 use the value of the rise = 2 units to move
2 units up and the value of run = 1 unit to move 1 unit right, then plot a point.
Connect the points with a line and extend.

Figure 2.1 Graph of 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 1

run

rise

𝑏 = −1

Application of Linear Function

2.2 Quadratic Function

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 A quadratic function of 𝑥 is a function that can be represented by the

equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ ℝ, 𝑎 ≠ 0. Its domain is the set

4𝑎𝑐−𝑏 2 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏 2
of real numbers and its range is {𝑦: 𝑦 ≥ } if 𝑎 > 0 and {𝑦: 𝑦 ≤ } if
4𝑎 4𝑎
𝑎 < 0.
 Vertex Form of a Quadratic Function
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒂(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + 𝒌 , 𝑎 ≠ 0.
The graph of 𝑓 is a parabola with vertex (ℎ, 𝑘) where
𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏 2
ℎ = − 2𝑎 and 𝑘= 4𝑎

Graph of a Quadratic Function

 The graph of a quadratic function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 is a parabola which

opens upward when 𝑎 > 0 or downward when 𝑎 < 0. The maximum or
minimum point is called the vertex of the parabola and is given by
𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏 2 𝑏
(− 2𝑎 , ). The graph is symmetric with respect to the line 𝑥 = − 2𝑎 and
4𝑎
this is called the axis of symmetry. The 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 is 𝑐, and the 𝑥 −
𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑠 are the real roots of the equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0.

Example

Sketch the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2.

Solution:

 The coefficients are 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −3, & 𝑐 = 2.

 The graph is a parabola which opens upward since the value of 𝑎 = 1.
 The vertex is the lowest point and is determined by finding the value of
𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏 2
(− 2𝑎 , ).
4𝑎

−3 4(1)(2)−(−3)2 3 −1
𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥 (− 2(1) , ), 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥 (2 , )
4(1) 4

 The 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = 𝑐 = 2.

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  The 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑠 are the real roots of 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 = 0. By factoring,
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 1) = 0.The roots are 𝑥 = 2 & 𝑥 = 1. Since the roots are real,
these are the 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑠.
 The axis of symmetry of the parabola is the vertical line through its vertex.
𝑏
It is given by the equation 𝑥 = − 2𝑎. The axis of symmetry in the given
3
example is 𝑥 = 2.

 Plot the vertex, 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑠, 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑦 −
𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑦. Connect the points with a
smooth curve, bearing in mind that the graph is a parabola. See Figure
2.2.

Figure 2.2 Graph of the Quadratic Equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2

𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓

𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑦

𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡
Reflection of
𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑠 the 𝑦 −
𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡

𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥

Exercises. Find the vertex of the graph of each quadratic function and express
each in vertex form.

a. 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔 d. 𝒚 = −𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓

b. 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏 e. 𝒚 = −𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟒

c. 𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓

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Word Problems

1. The area of a rectangle is 51 square feet. Its perimeter is 40 feet. Find its
length and width.

2. The two legs of a right triangle differ by 7 feet. The hypotenuse is 17 feet
long. Find the legs.

3. Within a rectangular garden 10 meters wide and 20 meters long, we wish

to pave a walk around the borders of uniform width so as to leave an area
of 96 square meters for flowers. How wide should the walk be?

4. Find two consecutive even positive integers whose product is 528.

5. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 10. The ten’s digit is 2 less
than the square of the units digit. Find the number.

6. A ball is thrown vertically upward with an initial velocity of 48 ft/sec. If the

ball started its flight at a height of 8 feet, then how do you express the
height of the ball at time t?

a) Determine the following:

b) The time it takes the ball to attain its maximum height.

c) The maximum height the ball attains.

d) The time it takes the ball to hit the ground.

7. A man uses 600 feet of fencing to enclose a rectangular region and to

subdivide the region into two smaller rectangular regions by placing a
fence parallel to one of the sides.

a) Write the width as a function of the length.

b) Write the total area as a function of the length.

c) Find the dimensions that produce the greatest enclosed area.

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