JOB No.

99304

1250
900 1700 450

BASIC CRITERIA

Route of Pipe Line

Pipe Nominal Diameter 3500 NB
Pipe OD 3556 mm 140 ''
Design Pressure 6 kgf/cm 2

Average height of ground above top of pipe 1250 mm 4.1 '

Pipe Material IS 3589 : FE 410
Thickness of Cement Mortar (Internal & External) 0 mm
Allowable stress (50% of yield point) 1200 kgf/cm2 1.7E+04 psi
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel, E 2.1E+06 kgf/cm 3
3.0E+07 psi
Poisson's Ratio for steel, n 0.3

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 JOB No. 99304

A. CALCULATION FOR INTERNAL PRESSURE

As per ANSI B31.1

Estimation of Thickness due to Internal Pressure

tm
t=
(1-m)

PD0
tm = +A
2(SE+PY)

Where :
tm = Thickness without Mill Tolerance
t = Thickness after Mill Tolerance
P= Internal Pressure, 6 kgf/cm2
D0= Outside Diameter 3556 mm
S= Allowable stress 1200 kgf/cm2
A= Corrosion Allowance 0 mm Refer 4.4 AWWA M-11
E= Joint Efficiency 80% for ERW Pipe
Y= Factor 0.4 for ERW Pipe
m= Mill Tolerance 10.0% As per Cl 11.2 of IS3589

Calculated Thickness without Mill Tolerance, t m = 11.08 mm

Calculated Thickness with Mill Tolerance, t = 12.32 mm
Nearest Available Plate Thickness 14 mm
Pipe thickness Adopted 14 mm

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B. CHECK FOR EXTERNAL PRESSURE

Step 1

As per IS 2825 (Clause 3.3.3.2)

Estimation of Thickness under External Pressure

Maximum Allowable vacuum

tm = 1.03*D0/100*(PK)0.33 for L/D0> 14.4/(PK)0.166
P= 1/K(t*100/(1.03*Do)) 3
0.056 kgf/cm2 0.794 psi

Where :
t = Thickness after Mill Tolerance 14.0 mm
P= Minimum Internal Pressure, 1 kgf/cm2
D0= Outside Diameter 3556 mm
Elastic Modulus of Steel at Design Temp
K= 1 mm
Elastic Modulus of Steel at Room Temp
A= Corrosion Allowance 0 mm

Step 2

As per Sl. No. 1 of Table XIII of Roark (4th Edition)

External Collapsing Pressure

tsy
p'= 0.250 kgf/cm2 3.549 psi
R(1+(4sy/E)(R/t)2)

Where :
t = wall thickness 14 mm
R= Radius of pipe 1778.0 mm
sy= compressive yield point 1200 kgf/cm2
E= Modulus of elasticity 2.1E+06 kgf/cm2

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Step 3

As per Table XVI item Q of Roark (4th Ed) & equation 4-2 of AWWA M-11, 2nd Ed 1987.

Collapse resistance (Pc) of Un-reinforced steel pipe against uniform radially acting external pressure

2Et3
P c= 0.288 kgf/cm2 4.102 psi
(1-n2)D3

Where :
E= Modulus of Elasticity 2.1E+06 kgf/cm2
n= Poisson's Ratio 0.3
t = Pipe Wall thickness 14 mm
D= Neutral Axis Diameter 3528 mm

Stewart's formula is more conservative than above as it also accounts for wall thickness variation out of
roundness and other manufacturing tolerances.

Collapsing Pressure
Pc= 50200000 (t/D)3 3 psi 0.221 kgf/cm2

Where :
t = Pipe Wall thickness 0.55118 inch
D= Neutral Axis Diameter 138.898 inch
t/D= 0.00397 <0.023

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C. CHECK AGAINST BUCKLING

As per equation 6-7 of AWWA M-11, 2nd ed 1987

Pipe embedded in soil may collapse or buckle from elastic instability resulting from external forces due to
earth load and/or internal vacuum.

Allowable Buckling Pressure

qa= 1/F(32RwB'E'(EI/D3))½ 10.7 psi 0.7535412 kgf/cm2

where
F= Design Factor 3 for h/D <2
2.5 for h/D >=2
D= Diameter of Pipe 140 inch
Rw= Water Bouyancy factor 0.736
1-0.33(hw/h)
h= height of ground surface above top of pipe 49.2126 inch
hw= height of water surface above top of pipe 39.3701 inch 0£hw£h
h/D= 0.35152
B'= Empirical coefficient of elastic support 0.16441
0.150+0.041(h/D) for 0£h/D£5
0.150+0.014(h/D) for 5£h/D£80
E= Modulus of Elasticity 3E+07 for Steel
E'= Modulus of Soil 1750 psi
I= Moment of inertia of X-section of Pipe wall 0.01395 in4/lin in
=t3/12
t= thickness of pipe 0.55118 inch

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Compared to above, the total external pressure on the pipe is

Pt= gw hw + Rw Wc/D + Pi

gw = Specific weight of water 0.0361 lb/in

h= ht. of ground surface above top of pipe 49.2126 inch
hw= ht. of water surface above top of pipe 39.3701 inch 0£hw£h
Rw= Water Bouyancy factor 0.736
1-0.33(hw/h)
D= Diameter of Pipe 140 inch
Wc= Weight of Conduit 68.7511 lb/lin in
Pi= 100% Vacuum 14.2 psi Case I
Vehicle Load 3 psi Case II

Total Load, Pt (Considering Internal Vacuum) = 15.9827 psi 1.124 kgf/cm2

Total Load, Pt (Considering Wheel Load) = 4.783 psi 0.336 kgf/cm2

for Case I (Internal Vacuum): Pipe Chosen is liable to fail under Buckling
for Case II (Wheel Load): Pipe Chosen is Safe

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D. CHECK AGAINST HORIZONTAL DEFLECTION

As per equation 6-1 of AWWA M-11, 2nd ed 1987

Pipe deformation: Sprangler's formula

Marston ditch conduit formula

W= Cd w Bd2 (1)
For a flexible pipe, equation (1) is revised to
Wc= Cd w Bd2 (Bc/Bd) when the trench width is less than 2D (2a)
Wc= Hc w Bc when the trench width is more than 2D (2b)
where
Wc= dead load on the conduit 5980.7 lb/ft using (2b)
w= unit weight of fill material 125 lb/ft 3

Cd = Load Coefficient based on Hc/Bd 0.5 (Fig 8.3 of AWWA M-11 1st ed)
Bc= Pipe OD 11.6667 ft
Bd= width of ditch at top of pipe 14.62 ft
Hc = Height of fill 4.10 ft

equations 2(a) or 2(b) are the probable minimum loading. The actual load in a given case will be
intermediate of the two

W = (WC+WL)/12 918.391 lb/lin in

WL= Live load 5040 lb/lin ft Considering Truck Load

Sprangler's formula for horizontal deflection

Horizontal Deflection of Pipe
Dx = Dl (KWr3)/(EI+0.061E'r3) 1.276 in 0.91%
32.4 mm
where
Dl = Deflection Lag Factor 1.5
K = Bedding Constant 0.1
r = radius of pipe 70 in
t= pipe wall thickness 0.55118 in
E = Modulus of Elasticity 3E+07 psi
I = Moment of Inertia 0.01395 in4/lin in
E' = Modulus of Soil 1750 psi

Pipe Chosen is safe under Horizontal Deflection

E. CHECK AGAINST COMBINED LATERAL STRESS

Bending moment in pipe shell (Considering lateral support is available)

Kb W r E I
M= 1.70E-04 kg cm
E I+0.061 E'r3 - 2Kq Pe r3

r= Radius of Pipe 177.8 cm

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W= Weight of Conduit 12.28 kg/cm

Kb= Bedding Coefficient 0.235
Kq= Coefficient 0.103 for q =30o
E = Modulus of Elasticity 2.1E+06 kgf/cm2
I = Moment of Inertia 0.22867 cm4/lin cm
E' = Modulus of Soil 28.1235 kgf/cm2
Pe= External Uniform Pressure 1 kgf/cm2
Compressive Stress
sc = M/z 0.0005 kgf/cm2

z = Section Modulus 0.32667 cm3/lin cm

Longitudinal Stress
sp = Pe D/2t 127 kgf/cm2

Total Stress
s = sc + sp 127.327 kgf/cm2

As total stress is less than the Allowable, hence safe

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F. CHECK AGAINST COMBINED INT PR & EXTERNAL LOAD

Kb W r E t
st = 0.003 kgf/cm2
2(E I+0.061 E'r3 + 2Kq Pe r3)

r= radius of Pipe 177.8 cm

W= Weight of Conduit 12.2775 kg/cm
Kb= Bedding Coefficient 0.235
Kq= Coefficient 0.103 for q =30o
E = Modulus of Elasticity 2.1E+06 kgf/cm2
I = Moment of Inertia 0.22867 cm4/lin cm
E' = Modulus of Soil 28.1235 kgf/cm2
P = Internal Pressure 6 kgf/cm3

Longitudinal Stress
sp = P D/2t 762 kgf/cm2

Total Stress
s = st + sp 762.00 kgf/cm2

As total stress is less than the Allowable, hence safe

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D
S

Stiffener Rings

From Morley's Correlation, Spacing of Stiffeners

S= D(2E/Pcr)(t/D)5/2 6869.49 cm

where
Pcr= Pressure 0.21145 kgf/cm2
1.65E (t/D)3
E= Modulus of elasticity 2.1E+06 kgf/cm2
D= Diameter 355.6 cm
t= wall thickness 1.4 cm

Generally, spacings of rings based on Morley's correlations are too large

From Stephenson's Correlation, Stiffener spacing

D[0.7(D/t)2]
S= [t/D]1.5 [1+.091(E'/E)+0.325Pi/E]
[1+.091(E'/E)(D/t)3+Pi(D3/Et3)]
1227.21 cm
where
Pi= internal Pressure 6 kgf/cm2
E= Modulus of elasticity 2.1E+06 kgf/cm2
E'= Modulus of Soil 28.123 kgf/cm2
D= Diameter 355.6 cm
t= wall thickness 1.4 cm

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Method 1
yh2= [0.7(s1/sa)(Dt)3/2] - [t2S] 388.086 cm3

where:
s1= sa - PiD/2t 438 kgf/cm2
sa= allowable stress in compression 1200 kgf/cm2
Pi= internal Pressure 6 kgf/cm2
D= Diameter 355.6 cm
t= wall thickness 1.4 cm
S= Spacing of reinforcement ring 1250 cm
y= width of stiffener 2.0 cm Assumed
h= height of stiffener 13.9 cm

Method 2

s1[1 + 0.091(E'/E)(D/t)3 + Pi/E (D/t)3]

p= 0.65748 kgf/cm2
0.7 (D/t)2

[0.7 p D2 S]
yh2= - t2S 69826 cm3
[s1 (1 + 0.091 (D/t)3 (E'/E) + 0.325 (p/E)]

where:
s1= sa - PiD/2t 438 kgf/cm2
sa= Allowable Stress in Compression 1200 kgf/cm2
E= Modulus of Elasticity 2.1E+06 kgf/cm2
E'= Modulus of Elasticity for Soil 28.123 kgf/cm2
Pi= Internal Pressure 6 kgf/cm2
D= Diameter 355.6 cm
t= Wall Thickness 1.4 cm
S= Spacing of Reinforcement Ring 1250 cm
y= Width of Stiffener 12 cm Assumed
h= Height of Stiffener 76.2815 cm

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 Table 3 (IS 3589:1991)
14.2234176 from to thickness
168.3 406.6 4 5
406.6 559.0 5 6
559.0 914.0 6 7
914.0 1219.0 7 8
1219.0 1620.0 8 10
1620.0 2032.0 10 12
12 14
14 16
16 18
18 20
20 22
22 25
25 28
28 32
32 36