Technological Institute of the Philippines

Equipment Tag RC-101 Equipment Name Rotary Calciner

Objective To thermally decompose the sodium bicarbonate crystals
to form sodium carbonate.

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21

23
101
RC -

Inlet Streams

Stream 21, kg/hr & kmole/hr

Composition Mass Mass % kMole Mole %
NaCl(aq) 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00
H2O(l) 7,649.94 12.84 425.00 39.69
NH4Cl(aq) 3,947.45 6.63 73.85 6.90
NaHCO3(s) 46,609.09 78.25 554.87 51.81
NH4HCO3(s) 1,355.71 2.28 17.16 1.60
Total 59,562.40 100.00 1,070.88 100.00

Outlet Stream

Stream 22, kg/hr & kmole/hr

Composition Mass Mass % kMole Mole %
H2O(g) 13,231.93 45.38 735.11 63.76
CO2(g) 14,380.69 49.32 326.83 28.35
NH3(g) 1,547.24 5.31 91.01 7.89
Total 29,159.85 100.00 1,152.95 100.00
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

Stream 23, kg/hr & kmole/hr

Composition Mass Mass % kMole Mole %
NaCl(aq) 4,316.92 14.20 73.86 22.00
H2O(l) 301.02 0.99 16.72 4.98
Na2CO3(s) 24,996.90 82.22 235.82 70.23
NaHCO3(s) 787.71 2.59 9.38 2.79
Total 30,402.54 100.00 335.78 100.00

Data:

Stream Pressure (kPa) Temperature ( oC)

21 101.325 70
22 101.325 180
23 101.325 180

QTotal = QFeed + QReaction + QProduct

Calculations:

Solving for 𝐐𝐅𝐞𝐞𝐝 ,

QFeed = QSC + QW + QAC + QSB + QAB

Where 𝐐𝐒𝐂 ,

cal
Cp SC ( ) = C1 + C2T
mole − K

Table 8.4. Constant for Heat Capacity Sodium Chloride

C1 10.79
C2 0.00420

Reference: Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, Perry's

Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th Edition

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298.15
QSC = mSC ∫ Cp SC dT
343.15

298.15
QSC = mSC ∫ (C1 + C2T)dT
343.15

kg 298.15
QSC = 0.21 ∫ (10.79 + 0.00420T)dT
hr 343.15

kg cal 4.184 J 1kJ 1 mole

QSC = 0.21 (−60.26 )( )( )( )
hr mole 1 cal 1000J 0.05845 kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐒𝐂 = −𝟎. 𝟗𝟏
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝐖 ,

J
Cp W ( ) = C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4
kmole − K

Table 8.5. Constant for Heat Capacity of Liquid Water

C1 276370
C2 -2090.1
C3 8.125
C4 -0.014116
C5 9.3701E-06

Reference: Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, Perry's

Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th Edition

298.15
QW = mW ∫ Cp cw(l) dT
343.15

298.15
QW = mW ∫ (C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4 )dT
343.15

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298.15
(276370 − 2090.1T + 8.125T 2 − 0.014116T 3 + 9.3701E
QW = mW ∫
343.15 −06T 4 )dT

kg J 1 kJ 1 kmole
QW = (7,649.94 ) (3,013,014.26 )( )( )
hr kmole 1000 J 0.01802 kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐖 = 𝟓, 𝟎𝟑𝟓, 𝟕𝟒𝟖. 𝟖𝟎
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝐀𝐂 ,

cal
Cp AC ( ) = C1 + C2T
mol − K

Table 8.8. Constant for Heat Capacity Ammonium Chloride

C1 9.80
C2 0.0368

Reference: Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, Perry's

Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th Edition

298.15
QAC = mAC ∫ Cp AC dT
343.15

298.15
QAC = mAC ∫ (C1 + C2T)dT
343.15

kg 298.15
QAC = 3,947.45 ∫ (9.80 + 0.0368T)dT
hr 343.15

kg cal 4.184 J 1kJ 1 mole

QAC = 3,947.45 (−60.26 )( )( )( )
hr mole 1 cal 1000J 0.05845 kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐀𝐂 = −𝟑𝟏, 𝟔𝟏𝟗. 𝟔𝟓
𝐡𝐫

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Where 𝐐𝐒𝐁 ,

kJ
Cp SB ( ) = C1
kg − K

Table 8.2X. Constant for Heat Capacity Sodium Bicarbonate

C1 1.01

Reference:

298.15
QSB = mSB ∫ Cp SB dT
343.15

298.15
QSB = mSB ∫ (C1)dT
343.15

kg 298.15
QSB = 46,609.09 ∫ (1.01)dT
hr 343.15

kg kJ
QSB = 46,609.09 (−5.03 )
hr kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐒𝐁 = −𝟐𝟑𝟒, 𝟔𝟎𝟔. 𝟖𝟔
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝐀𝐁 ,

kJ
Cp AB ( ) = C1
kg − K

Table 8.2X. Constant for Heat Capacity Ammonium Bicarbonate

C1 1.67

Reference:
298.15
QAB = mAB ∫ Cp AB dT
343.15

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298.15
QAB = mAB ∫ (C1)dT
343.15

kg 298.15
QAB = 1,355.71 ∫ (1.67)dT
hr 343.15

kg kJ
QSB = 1,355.71 (−8.35 )
hr kg

𝐤𝐠
𝐐𝐒𝐁 = −𝟏𝟏, 𝟑𝟐𝟎. 𝟐𝟏
𝐡𝐫

QFeed = QSC + QW + QAC + QSB + QAB

kJ kJ kJ kJ
QFeed = −0.91 + 5,035,748.80 + −31,619.65 + −234,606.86
hr hr hr hr
kJ
+ −11,320.21
hr

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐅𝐞𝐞𝐝 = 𝟒, 𝟕𝟓𝟖, 𝟐𝟎𝟏. 𝟏𝟖
𝐡𝐫

Solving for 𝐐𝐑𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 ,

𝐐𝐑𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 = 𝐐𝟏 + 𝐐𝟐 + 𝐐𝟑
Where 𝐐𝟏,

2NaHCO3 = CO2 + Na2CO3 + H2O

kJ
ΔH𝑟 (298.15 K) = 85.00
mole
Reference:

Q1 = nReacted ΔHr

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kmole NaHCO3 1000 mole

nReacted = 0.85 (471.63961 )( )
hr 1 kmole
mole
= 471,639.61
hr

mole kJ
Q1 = (471,639.61 ) (85 )
hr mole

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝟏 = 𝟒𝟎, 𝟎𝟖𝟗, 𝟑𝟔𝟕. 𝟎𝟕
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝟐,

NH4HCO3 = NH3 + H2O + CO2

kJ
ΔH𝑟 (298.15 K) = 82.92
mole
Reference:

Q2 = nReacted ΔHr

kmole NH4HCO3 1000 mole

nReacted = (17.16093 )( )
hr 1 kmole

mole
nReacted = 17,160.93
hr

mole kJ
Q2 = (17,1600.93 ) (82.92 )
hr mole

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝟐 = 𝟏, 𝟒𝟐𝟐, 𝟗𝟖𝟒. 𝟒𝟕
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝟑,

2NaHCO3 + 2NH4Cl = 2NaCl + 2NH3 + 2H2O + 2CO2

kJ
ΔH𝑟 (298.15 K) = 158.00
mole
Reference:

Q3 = nReacted ΔHr

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kmole NH4Cl 1000 mole

nReacted = (73.85306 )( )
hr 1 kmole

mole
nReacted = 73,853.06
hr

mole kJ
Q3 = (73,853.06 ) (158 )
hr mole

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝟑 = 𝟏𝟏, 𝟔𝟔𝟖, 𝟕𝟖𝟒. 𝟐𝟏
𝐡𝐫

QReaction = 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄2

kJ kJ kJ
QReaction = 40,089,367.04 + 1,422,984.47 + 11,668,784.21
hr hr hr

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐑𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 = 𝟓𝟑, 𝟔𝟔𝟖, 𝟕𝟖𝟒. 𝟕𝟐
𝐡𝐫

Solving for 𝐐𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭 ,

QProduct = QS + QCD + QA + QSC + QW + QAB + QSB

Where 𝐐𝐒 ,

J
Cp S ( ) = C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4
mole − K

Table 8.3. Constant for Heat Capacity of Steam

C1 33.933
C2 -0.00842
C3 3.00E-04
C4 -1.78E-08
C5 3.69E-12

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Reference: Table 2. Heat Capacity of Gas - Organic and Inorganic

Compounds. Yaws, C. L. (1999). Chemical Properties Handbook.

453.15
J
QS = mS ∫ Cp S ( ) dT
298.15 mole − K

453.15
QS = mS ∫ (C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4 )dT
298.15

453.15
(33.933 − 0.00842T + (3.00E − 04)T 2 − (1.78E − 08)T 3
QS = mS ∫
298.15 + (3.69E − 12)T 4 )dT

kg J 1 kJ 1 mole 1000 g
QS = 13,231.93 (11,273.00 )( )( )( )
hr mole 1000 J 18.02 g 1 kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐒 = 𝟖, 𝟐𝟖𝟔, 𝟖𝟔𝟎. 𝟕𝟑
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝐂𝐃 ,

cal C3
Cp CD ( ) = C1 + C2 + 2
mole − K T

Table 8.9. Constant for Heat Capacity Carbon Dioxide

C1 10.34
C2 0.00274
C3 195500

Reference:

453.15
QCD = mCD ∫ Cp CD dT
298.15

453.15
C3
QCD = mCD ∫ (C1 + C2T + ) dT
298.15 T2

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kg 453.15 195500
QCD = 14,380.69 ∫ (10.34 + 0.00274T + ) dT
hr 298.15 T2

kg cal 4.184 J 1kJ 1 mole

QCD = 14,380.69 (1,537.95 )( )( )( )
hr mole 1 cal 1000J 0.044 kg

𝐤𝐠
𝐐𝐂𝐃 = 𝟐, 𝟏𝟎𝟑, 𝟏𝟎𝟖. 𝟑𝟖
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝐀 ,
cal
Cp A ( ) = C1 + C2T
mole − K

Table 8.6. Constant for Heat Capacity of Ammonia Gas

C1 6.70
C2 0.0063

Reference: Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, Perry's

Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th Edition

453.15
QA = mA ∫ Cp A dT
298.15

453.15
QA = mA ∫ (C1 + C2T)dT
298.15

kg 453.15
QA = 1,547.24 ∫ (6.70 − 0.0063T)dT
hr 298.15

kg cal 4.184 J 1 kJ 1 mole

QA = 1,547.24 (1,405.32 )( )( )( )
hr mole 1 cal 1000 J 0.017 kg
𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐀 = 𝟓𝟑𝟓, 𝟏𝟓𝟎. 𝟑𝟎
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝐒𝐂 ,

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cal
Cp SC ( ) = C1 + C2T
mole − K

Table 8.4. Constant for Heat Capacity Sodium Chloride

C1 10.79
C2 0.00420

Reference: Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, Perry's

Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th Edition

453.15
QSC = mSC ∫ Cp SC dT
298.15

453.15
QSC = mSC ∫ (C1 + C2T)dT
298.15

kg 453.15
QSC = 4,316.92 ∫ (10.79 + 0.00420T)dT
hr 298.15

kg cal 4.184 J 1kJ 1 mole

QSC = 4,316.92 (1,917.00 )( )( )( )
hr mole 1 cal 1000J 0.05845 kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐒𝐂 = 𝟓𝟗𝟒, 𝟒𝟏𝟕. 𝟓𝟔
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝐖 ,

J
Cp W ( ) = C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4
kmole − K

Table 8.5. Constant for Heat Capacity of Liquid Water

C1 276370
C2 -2090.1
C3 8.125

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C4 -0.014116
C5 9.3701E-06

Reference: Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, Perry's

Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th Edition

453.15
QW = mW ∫ Cp W dT
298.15

453.15
QW = mW ∫ (C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4 )dT
298.15

QW
453.155
(276370 − 2090.1T + 8.125T 2 − 0.014116T 3 + 9.3701E
= mW ∫
298.15 −06T 4 )dT

kg J 1 kJ 1 kmole
QW = 301.02 (11,848,919.30 )( )( )
hr kmole 1000 J 18 kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐖 = 𝟏𝟗𝟖, 𝟏𝟓𝟎. 𝟑𝟐
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝐒𝐀 ,

cal
Cp SA ( ) = C1
mole − K

Table 8.12. Constant for Heat Capacity Sodium Carbonate

C1 28.9

Reference: Heat Capacities of Elements and Inorganic Compounds, Perry's

Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 8th Edition

453.15
QSA = mSA ∫ Cp SB dT
298.15

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453.15
QSA = mSA ∫ (C1)dT
298.15

kg 453.15
QSA = 25,118.18 ∫ (28.9)dT
hr 298.15

kg cal 4.184 J 1 kJ 1 mole

QSA = 24,996.90 (4,479.50 )( )( )( )
hr mole 1 cal 1000 J 0.106 kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐒𝐀 = 𝟒, 𝟒𝟏𝟗, 𝟕𝟖𝟖. 𝟓𝟕
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝐒𝐁 ,
kJ
Cp SB ( ) = C1
kg − K

Table 8.10. Constant for Heat Capacity Sodium Bicarbonate

C1 1.01

Reference:

453.15
QSB = mSB ∫ Cp SB dT
298.15

453.15
QSB = mSB ∫ (C1)dT
298.15

kg 453.15
QSB = 787.71 ∫ (1.01)dT
hr 298.15

kg kJ
QSB = 787.71 (156.04 )
hr kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐒𝐁 = 𝟏𝟐𝟐, 𝟗𝟏𝟐. 𝟓𝟎
𝐡𝐫

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QProduct = QS + QCD + QA + QSC + QW + QSA + QSB

kJ kJ kJ
QProduct = 535,150.30 + 8,286,860.73 + 2,103,108.38
hr hr hr
kJ kJ kJ
+ 594,417.56 + 198,150.32 + 4,419,788.57
hr hr hr
kJ
+ 122,912.50
hr

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭 = 𝟓, 𝟑𝟑𝟓, 𝟐𝟔𝟖. 𝟗𝟓
𝐡𝐫

Solving for 𝐐𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 ,

QTotal = QFeed + QReaction + QProduct

kJ kJ kJ
QTotal = 4,758,201.18 + 53,181,135.72 + 5,335,268.95
hr hr hr

kJ 1 hr
QTotal = 74,199,725.25 ( )
hr 3600 s

𝐐𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 = 𝟐𝟎, 𝟔𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟑 𝐤𝐖

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