PROVISIONAL REMEDIES PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION

Rule%58:%Preliminary%Injunction% 2.! Right! of! the! complainant! is! clear! and!

! unmistakable;!
Preliminary%Injunction,%definition% 3.! Urgent! and! paramount! necessity! for! the!
An! order,! writ,! process,! or! proceeding! granted! at! writ!to!prevent!serious!damages.!
any!stage!of!an!action,!prior!to!the!judgment!or!final! %
order,!requiring!a!party,!court,!agency,!or!person!to! Clear%and%unmistakable%right%
perform!or!refrain!from!performing!a!particular!act! An!ostensible!right!to!the!final!relief!prayed!for!in!
or!acts! the! complaint;! material! and! substantial;! not!
! doubtful!or!disputed;!not!contingent!or!future!
Purpose% !
To!preserve!the!status!quo!by!restraining!action!or! It! is! a! deeply! ingrained! doctrine! in! Philippine!
interference! or! by! furnishing! preventive! relief;! to! remedial! law! that! a! preliminary! injunctive! relief!
prevent!threatened!or!continued!irreparable!injury! under! Rule! 58! issues! only! upon! a! showing! of! the!
to! parties! before! their! claims! can! be! thoroughly! applicant’s! “clear! legal! right”! being! violated! or!
studied!and!adjudicated!and!during!the!pendency! under! threat! of! violation! by! the! defendant.! “Clear!
of!an!action! legal! right,”! within! the! meaning! of! Rule! 58,!
! contemplates!a!right!clearly!founded!in!or!granted!
Prohibitory%v.%Mandatory%Injunction% by!law.!Any!hint!of!doubt!or!dispute!on!the!asserted!
legal! right! precludes! the! grant! of! preliminary!
Prohibitory% Mandatory% injunctive!relief.!For!suits!attacking!the!validity!of!
Purpose!is!to!prevent! Purpose!is!to!require!a! laws!or!issuances!with!the!force!and!effect!of!law,!
a!person!from!the! person!to!perform!a! as! here,! the! applicant! for! preliminary! injunctive!
performance!of!a! particular!act.! relief! bears! the! added! burden! of! overcoming! the!
particular!act.! presumption! of! validity! inhering! in! such! laws! or!
The!act!had!not!yet! The!act!has!already! issuances.! These! procedural! barriers! to! the!
been!performed,! performed!and!this!act! issuance!of!a!preliminary!injunctive!writ!are!rooted!
except!if!the!act!is! has!violated!the!rights! on! the! equitable! nature! of! such! relief,! preserving!
continuing!in!nature,! of!another.! the!status!quo!while,!at!the!same!time,!restricting!
e.g.!forcible!entry! the!course!of!action!of!the!defendants!even!before!
Status!quo!is! Status!quo!is!restored.! adverse! judgment! is! rendered! against! them.!
preserved.! (Executive- Secretary,- Secretary- of- Finance,-
! Commissioner- of- Customs,- District- collector- of-
Preliminary%v.%Final%Injunction% customs,-Port-of-Aparri,-Cagayan,-District-Collector-
Preliminary! Injunction! –! An! order! granted! at! any! of- Customs,- Port- of- San- Fernando- La- Union,- and-
stage!of!an!action!or!proceeding!prior!to!judgment! Head- of- the- Land- Transportation- Office- v.-
or! final! order,! requiring! a! party,! court,! agency! or! Forerunner- Multi- Resources,- Inc.,- G.R.- No.- 199324.-
person!to!refrain!from!a!particular!act!or!acts!(sec.- January-7,-2013)--
1,-Rule-58)! -
! St.%James%College%of%Parañaque%v.%Equitable%PCI%
Final!Injunction!–!issued!in!the!judgment!in!the!case! Bank%(2010)%
permanently!restraining!the!defendant!or!making! The-injunctive-writ-is-conditioned-on-the-existence-of-
the!preliminary!injunction!permanent!(sec.-9,-Rule- a- clear- and- positive- right- of- the- applicant- which-
58)! should-be-protected.--
! !
Doctrine%of%strong%arm%of%equity%! Facts:%!
It! is! the! strong! arm! of! equity,! an! extraordinary! Spouses!Jaime!(now!deceased)!and!Myrna!Torres,!
preemptory! remedy! that! must! be! used! with! owned!and!operated!St.!James!College,!defaulted!in!
extreme!caution,!affecting!as!it!does!the!respective! their! loan! of! PhP25,! 000,000! secured! by! REM! in!
rights!of!the!parties.![China-Banking-Corporation-v.- favor!of!EPCIB.!The!bank!made!a!counter!proposal!
Sps.-Ciriaco,-G.R.-No.-170038,-July-11,-2012]!! on! the! xrestructuring! of! the! loan.! Jaime! Torres!
! chose! and! agreed! to! pay! the! equal! annual!
Essential%Requisites%for%granting%a%writ%of%P.I.% amortizations!of!PhP!6,100,000!payable!every!May.!
1.! Invasion! of! the! right! is! material! and! However,! they! failed! to! pay.! Thereafter,! partial!
substantial;! payment!was!accepted!by!the!bank.!Spouses!again!
issued!a!check!as!partial!payment.!By!letter,!EPCIB!

DATABRIL2017 8
 PROVISIONAL REMEDIES PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
again! reminded! Spouses! that! its! receipt! of! the!
check! payment! is! without! prejudice! to! the! banks!
rights!considering!the!overdue!nature!of!Spouses’!
loan.! The! Spouses! ordered! stop! payment! of! the!
check.! The! bank! demanded! full! settlement! of!
spouses’! loan! which! was! unheeded.! And! so! the!
bank! filed! a! Petition! for! Sale! to! extra\judicially!
foreclose! the! mortgaged! property.! However,! RTC!
issued! an! Order! granting! a! writ! of! preliminary!
injunction! in! favor! of! Spouses.! On! appeal,! CA!
nullified!and!set!aside!the!RTC!orders.!!
! Isabel% Jael% Marquez,% et.% al.% v.% Judge% Sanchez%
Issue:%!
Whether! the! grant! of! the! writ! of! preliminary!
injunction!was!proper.!!
! trial- court,- conditioned- on- the- existence- of- a- clear-
Ruling:%!
No.! The! injunctive! writ! is! conditioned! on! the!
existence! of! a! clear! and! positive! right! of! the!
applicant!which!should!be!protected,!the!writ!being!
the! strong! arm! of! equity,! an! extraordinary!
peremptory! remedy! which! can! be! availed! of! only!
upon!the!existence!of!well\defined!circumstances.!!
In!this!case,!contrary!to!what!the!RTC!ruled,!there!
was!no!urgent!necessity!to!issue!the!writ!to!protect!
the! rights! and! interest! of! petitioners! as! owners.!
First,!they!could!participate!in!the!foreclosure!sale!
and!get!their!property!back!unencumbered!by!the!
payment!of!the!obligations!that!they!acknowledged!
in!the!first!place.!Second,!a!foreclosure!sale!does!not!
ipso-facto-pass!title!to!the!winning!bidder!over!the!
mortgaged! property.! Petitioners! continue! to! own!
the! mortgaged! property! sold! in! an! auction! sale!
until! the! expiration! of! the! redemption! period.!
Third,! petitioners! have! one! year! from! the! auction!
sale! to! redeem! the! mortgaged! property.! The! one\
year! redemption! period! is! another! grace! period!
accorded! petitioners! to! pay! the! outstanding! debt,!
which! would! be! converted! to! the! proceeds! of! the!
forced!sale!pursuant!to!the!requisites!under!Sec.!6!
of! Republic! Act! No.! 3135,! as! amended,! for! the!
redemption! of! a! property! sold! in! an! extrajudicial!
sale,!also!in!accordance!with!Sec.!78!of!the!General!
Banking! Act,! as! amended! by! Presidential! Decree!
No.! 1828.! It! is! only! upon! the! expiration! of! the!
redemption!period,!without!the!judgment!debtors!
having!made!use!of!their!right!of!redemption,!does!
ownership!of!the!land!sold!become!consolidated!in!
the!purchaser!or!winning!bidder.!
! !
Existence%of%a%clear%legal%right%required%during%
the%pendency%of%the%action%!
As! such,! a! writ! of! preliminary! injunction! may! be!
issued!only!upon!clear!showing!of!an!existing!legal!
right! to! be! protected! during! the! pendency! of! the!
DATABRIL2017
principal!action.!The!requisites!of!a!valid!injunction!
are! the! existence! of! a! right! and! its! actual! or!
threatened! violations.! Thus,! to! be! entitled! to! an!
injunctive! writ,! the! right! to! be! protected! and! the!
violation! against! that! right! must! be! shown.! TML-
Gasket- Industries,- Inc.- v.- BPI- Family- Savings- Bank,-
Inc.,-G.R.-No.-188768.-January-7,-2013)!
!
%
Issuance% of% P.I% is% addressed% to% the% sound%
discretion%of%the%court%
(2007)%
It-is-basic-that-the-issuance-of-a-writ-of-preliminary-
injunction-is-addressed-to-the-sound-discretion-of-the-
and-positive-right-of-the-applicant-which-should-be-
protected.--
!
Facts:%!
Marcial!Marquez!was!an!incorporator!and!officer!of!
Lucena! Entrepreneur! and! Agri\Industrial!
Development! Corporation(LEAD).! LEAD! applied!
for! an! agricultural! loan! with! DBP! secured! by! real!
estate! mortgages! (REM)! of! two! properties! by! its!
principals.! An! additional! loan! was! obtained! after!
problems! were! encountered! during! the! initial!
loan’s! implementation.! This! additional! loan! was!
secured!by!a!REM!undertaken!by!Marcial!Marquez!
and!his!wife.!For!having!defaulted!on!its!contractual!
obligations,!DBP!demanded!LEAD!and!its!principals!
to! settle! their! outstanding! loan! obligation!
otherwise! it! would! institute! the! necessary! legal!
action!to!protect!its!interest,!including!appropriate!
actions!to!foreclose!the!mortgaged!properties.!With!
the! inaction! of! LEAD! and! its! principals,! DBP! was!
compelled!to!file!an!application!for!foreclosure!sale!
of!the!REMs!constituted!to!secure!its!loan!with!DBP.!
Thereafter,!the!ex!officio!provincial!sheriff!issued!a!
notice!of!extra\judicial!sale!to!satisfy!the!mortgaged!
indebtedness.! Marquez,! however,! instituted! the!
instant! action! for! damages,! cancellation! of!
mortgage!and!certiorari!with!prayer!for!issuance!of!
a!writ!of!preliminary!injunction!and/or!restraining!
order!to!forestall!the!foreclosure.!On!the!scheduled!
day!of!foreclosure,!the!presiding!judge!granted!the!
TRO.!Subsequently,!during!the!scheduled!hearing,!
Marquez’!prayer!for!injunctive!writ!was!denied!and!
the!foreclosure!sale!proceeded.!!
Issue:%!
Whether!or!not!the!trial!court's!refusal!to!grant!the!
injunction! against! the! threatened! extra\judicial!
foreclosure!sale!constitutes!grave!abuse!of!judicial!
discretion.!!
9
 PROVISIONAL REMEDIES PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
! Tabaqueria! de! Filipinas,! also! engaged! in! the!
Held:%!
No.! The! requisites! of! preliminary! injunction!
whether! mandatory! or! prohibitory! are! the!
following:!(1)!the!applicant!must!have!a!clear!and!
unmistakable!right,!that!is!a!right!in-esse;!(2)!there!
is!a!material!and!substantial!invasion!of!such!right;!
(3)!there!is!an!urgent!need!for!the!writ!to!prevent!
irreparable!injury!to!the!applicant;!and!(4)!no!other!
ordinary,! speedy,! and! adequate! remedy! exists! to!
prevent!the!infliction!of!irreparable!injury.!!
! thereof.!DTI!issued!a!TRO!and!then!ruled!that!there!
Petitioners! have! failed! to! establish! the! essential!
requisites!for!the!issuance!of!a!writ!of!preliminary!
injunction.! Hence,! the! trial! court! did! not! commit!
any!manifest!abuse!in!denying!the!writ.!It!is!basic!
that!the!issuance!of!a!writ!of!preliminary!injunction!
is! addressed! to! the! sound! discretion! of! the! trial!
court,! conditioned! on! the! existence! of! a! clear! and!
positive! right! of! the! applicant! which! should! be!
protected.! It! is! an! extraordinary,! peremptory!
remedy! available! only! on! the! grounds! expressly!
provided!by!law.!Moreover,!extreme!caution!must!
be! observed! in! the! exercise! of! such! discretion.! It!
should! be! granted! only! when! the! court! is! fully!
satisfied!that!the!law!permits!it!and!the!emergency!
demands!it.!The!very!foundation!of!the!jurisdiction!
to!issue!a!writ!of!injunction!rests!in!the!existence!of!
a! cause! of! action! and! in! the! probability! of!
irreparable! injury,! inadequacy! of! pecuniary!
compensation,!and!the!prevention!of!multiplicity!of!
suits.!Where!facts!are!not!shown!to!bring!the!case!
within! these! conditions,! the! relief! of! injunction!
should!be!refused.!
! and!the!absence!of!even!one!of!them!would!be!fatal!
Absence%of%an%urgent%and%paramount%necessity%
for%the%writ%to%prevent%serious%damages%
Compania%General%de%Tabacos%de%Filipinas%and%
La% Flor% de% la% Isabela,% Inc.% v.% Hon.% Virgilio%
Sandoval%(2009)%
In-order-that-an-injunctive-relief-may-be-issued,-the-
applicant- must- show- that:- (1)- the- right- of- the-
complainant- is- clear- and- unmistakable;- (2)- the-
invasion- of- the- right- sought- to- be- protected- is-
material-and-substantial;-and-(3)-there-is-an-urgent-
and- paramount- necessity- for- the- writ- to- prevent-
serious-damage.-!
% injunction,! petitioners’! application! for! the!
Facts:%!
Compania! General! de! Tabacos! de! Filipinas! or!
Tabacalera! owned! registered! trademarks! and!
authorized! La! Flor! de! la! Isabela! to! manufacture!
tobacco! products! using! the! trademarks.! Gabriel!
Ripoll,! former! employee! of! Tabacalera,! organized!
DATABRIL2017
manufacture! of! tobacco! products.! Tabacalera! and!
La!Flor!then!filed!a!complaint!with!the!DTI!alleging!
that! Tabaqueria! deliberately! sought! to! adopt! the!
Tabacalera! trademarks! to! confuse! the! public! into!
believing!that!the!Tabaqueria!cigars!are!the!same!
or!related!with!the!Tabacalera!products.!They!also!
sought! the! issuance! of! preliminary! order! against!
Ripoll.!Tabaqueria!and!Ripoll!opposed!the!issuance!
of! injunctive! relief! as! the! petitioners! failed! to!
establish! the! elements! required! for! the! issuance!
was!no!similarity!in!the!general!appearance!of!the!
products! of! the! parties! and! that! the! consumers!
would! not! be! misled.! DTI! partially! granted! the!
petitioners’! prayer! for! the! issuance! of! a! writ! of!
preliminary! injunction.! On! appeal,! the! petitioners!
asserted! that! the! DTI! committed! grave! abuse! of!
discretion! in! refusing! to! grant! their! prayer! for!
injunctive! relief.! However,! the! CA! denied! the!
appeal,!ruling!that!the!dismissal!of!infringement!of!
trademarks! and! unfair! competition! renders!
petitioners’!right!to!an!injunctive!relief!doubtful.!!
Issue:%!
Whether!or!not!the!petitioners!are!entitled!to!a!writ!
of!preliminary!injunction.!!
Ruling:%!
No.!In!order!that!an!injunctive!relief!may!be!issued,!
the! applicant! must! show! that:! (1)! the! right! of! the!
complainant! is! clear! and! unmistakable;! (2)! the!
invasion! of! the! right! sought! to! be! protected! is!
material!and!substantial;!and!(3)!there!is!an!urgent!
and! paramount! necessity! for! the! writ! to! prevent!
serious!damage.!All!of!these!elements!must!concur!
in!petitioners’!application!for!the!writ.!!
In! this! case,! there! is! no! urgent! and! paramount!
necessity!for!the!writ!to!prevent!serious!damage!to!
petitioners.! They! failed! to! present! one! iota! of!
evidence!in!support!of!their!allegations.!They!failed!
to!present!evidence!that!indeed!their!sales!dropped!
by! an! alleged! 25%! and! that! such! losses! resulted!
from!the!alleged!infringement!by!the!respondents.!
Without! presenting! evidence! to! prove! their!
allegations,!petitioners’!arguments!cannot!be!given!
any! merit.! Thus,! due! to! the! absence! of! the! third!
requisite! for! the! issuance! of! a! preliminary!
injunctive!writ!must!already!fail.%
!
Formal%Requisites%for%issuance%of%a%writ%of%P.I.%
1.! There!must!be!a!verified-application.!
2.! The! applicant! must! post! a! bond,! which!
shall! be! in! an! amount! to! be! fixed! by! the!
court,! executed! in! favor! of! the! party!
10
 PROVISIONAL REMEDIES PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION

enjoined! to! the! effect! that! the! applicant! itself;! can! be! coupled! an! incident! to! a!
shall!pay!to!the!party!enjoined!all!damages! with!an!application!for! principal! action;! not! a!
which! he! may! sustain! by! reason! of! the! a! writ! of! preliminary! cause!of!action!in!itself!
preliminary! injunction! or! the! restraining! inunction! but! merely! an! adjunct!
order!if!the!court!should!finally!decide!that! to!a!main!suit!
the!applicant!was!not!entitled!to!the!writ! Seeks! a! judgment! Does! not! seek! a!
or!order.! embodying! a! final! permanent!injunction!
3.! The! court! must! conduct! a! hearing.! No! injunction;! it! is! final!
preliminary! injunction! shall! be! granted! when! it! is! issued! as! a!
without! hearing! and! prior! notice! to! the! judgment! making! the!
party!or!persons!sought!to!be!enjoined.! injunction!permanent!
! A! main! action! granted! An! order! granted! at!
Who%may%grant%preliminary%injunction% after! the! trial! of! the! any! stage! of! an! action!
By! the! court! where! the! action! or! proceeding! is! action!if!it!appears!that! or!proceeding!prior!to!
pending;!if!the!action!or!proceeding!is!pending!in! the! applicant! is! the! judgment! or! final!
the! Court! of! Appeals! or! in! the! Supreme! Court,! it! entitled!to!have!the!act! order!
may!be!issued!by!said!court!or!any!member!thereof! or! acts! complained! of!
! permanently!enjoined!
Status%quo,%definition% A!trial!on!the!merits! The! hearing! is!
The! last! actual,! peaceful,! and! uncontested! status! separate! and! distinct!
that!precedes!the!actual!controversy,!that!which!is! from! the! trial! on! the!
existing!at!the!time!of!the!filing!of!the!case;!status- merits!of!the!main!case!
quo-ante-order- The! right! and! the! act! Generally! based! on!
- violative! thereof! must! initial! and! incomplete!
Status%quo%ante%order% be! established! with! evidence;!evidence!not!
It!is!not!an!injunction.!It!is!more!in!the!nature!of!a! absolute! certainty! to! conclusive! or!
cease!and!desist!order.!It!has!no!specified!duration! be!a!bass!for!a!final!and! complete!!
and!does!not!specifically!direct!the!performance!of! permanent!injunction!
an!act.!It!lasts!until!it!is!revoked.!Its!duration!may! A! judgment! for! a! An! order! granting!
even! be! subject! to! agreement! of! the! parties.! NO! permanent! injunction! preliminary!injunction!
bond!is!required!for!its!issuance.! can! be! assailed! by! a! is! interlocutory;! thus,!
! timely!appeal.! it!may!be!assailed!by!a!
Instances%where%the%RTC%cannot%issue%a%writ%of% petition! for! certiorari!
P.I.% under!Rule!65!
1.! Labor!disputes! !
2.! Outside!a!court’s!territorial!jurisdiction! Injunction%v.%Prohibition%
3.! Against!Quasi\judicial!agencies! % %
4.! Court! of! concurrent! or! coordinate! Injunction% Prohibition%
jurisdiction! %
5.! Against! financial! institutions! of! the! Generally! directed! Directed! against! a!
Government! against! party! to! the! court,! tribunal,! or!
6.! Against! the! Government,! or! any! person! or! action! but! may! be! person! exercising!
entity,! whether! public! or! private,! acting! against!any!person! judicial!powers!
under! the! Government’s! direction! (RA!
Does! NOT! involve! the! May! be! on! the! ground!
8975)!
jurisdiction! of! the! that! the! court! against!
!
court! whom! the! writ! is!
Action%for%Injunction%v.%Preliminary%Injunction%
sought! acted! without!
An!injunction!may!either!be!an!action!in!itself!or!a!
or! in! excess! of!
provisional!remedy.!As!an!action!itself,!it!is!a!main!
jurisdiction;!
action!for!injunction!and,!as!a!provisional!remedy,!
May! be! a! main! action! Always!a!main!action!
it!is!a!preliminary!injunction!
itself! or! just! a!
!
provisional!remedy!in!
Injunction% P.I.%
the!main!action!
A! principal! action! and! Not! a! principal! action!
%
a! cause! of! action! in! and! can! only! exist! as!

DATABRIL2017 11
 PROVISIONAL REMEDIES PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
Grounds%for%the%issuance%of%writ%of%P.I.%
1.! That!the!applicant!is!entitled!to!the!relief!
demanded,!and!the!whole!or!part!of!such!
relief! consists! in! restraining! the!
commission! or! continuance! of! the! act! or!
acts! complained! of,! or! in! requiring! the!
performance!of!an!act!or!acts,!either!for!a!
limited!period!of!perpetually;!
2.! That!the!commission,!continuance!or!non\
performance!of!the!act!or!acts!complained!
of! during! the! litigation! would! probably!
work!injustice!to!the!applicant;!or!
3.! That!a!party,!court,!agency,!or!a!person!is!
doing,!threatening,!or!is!attempting!to!do,!
or! is! procuring! or! suffering! to! be! done,!
some! act! or! acts! probably! in! violation! of!
the! rights! of! the! applicant! respecting! the!
subject! of! the! action! or! proceeding,! and!
tending!to!render!the!judgment!ineffectual!
! 3.! There! is! urgent! and! paramount! necessity!
Grounds%for%objection%to,%or%for%the%dissolution%
of%injunction%or%restraining%order%!
The!application!for!injunction!or!restraining!order!
may!be!denied,!upon!a!showing!of!its!insufficiency.!
The! injunction! or! restraining! order! may! also! be!
denied,! or,! if! granted,! may! be! dissolved,! on! other!
grounds! upon! affidavits! of! the! party! or! person!
enjoined,!which!may!be!opposed!by!the!applicant!
also! by! affidavits.! It! may! further! be! denied,! or! if!
granted,! may! be! dissolved,! if! it! appears! after!
hearing! that! although! the! applicant! is! entitled! to!
the!injunction!or!restraining!order,!the!issuance!or!
continuance! thereof,! as! the! case! may! be,! would!
cause! irreparable! damage! to! the! party! or! person!
enjoined! while! the! applicant! can! be! fully!
compensated! for! such! damages! as! he! may! suffer,!
and!the!former!files!a!bond!in!an!amount!fixed!by!
the!court!conditioned!that!he!will!pay!all!damages!
which!the!applicant!may!suffer!by!the!denial!or!the!
dissolution!of!the!injunction!or!restraining!order.!If!
it! appears! that! the! extent! of! the! preliminary!
injunction!or!restraining!order!granted!is!too!great,!
it!may!be!modified.![Rule-58,-Sec.-6]!
! (total! period! of! TRO! up! to! 20! days! only!
Injunction%v.%TRO%
Injunction% TRO%
May!exceed!20!days.! Does! not! exceed! 20!
days.!
Restrains! or! requires! Maintain! the! status!
the! performances! of! quo.!
particular!acts.!
% further!orders)!
When% can% a% temporary% restraining% order% be%
issued?%Purpose:%!
A!restraining!order,!on!the!other!hand,!is!issued!to!
DATABRIL2017
preserve! the! status! quo! until! the! hearing! of! the!
application! for! preliminary! injunction! which!
cannot! be! issued! ex! parte.! Under! Rule! 58! of! the!
Rules! of! Court,! a! judge! may! issue! a! temporary!
restraining!order!with!a!limited!life!of!twenty!(20)!
days!from!date!of!issue.!If!before!the!expiration!of!
the! twenty! (20)\day! period! the! application! for!
preliminary! injunction! is! denied,! the! temporary!
restraining!order!would!be!deemed!automatically!
vacated.! [Bacolod- City- Water- District- v.- Labayen,-
G.R.-No.-157494,-December-10,-2004]!!
%
Requisites%of%TRO%and%Injunction%!
The! following! elements! must! concur! for! the!
issuance!of!a!writ!of!preliminary!injunction:!!
1.! The! invasion! of! the! right! is! material! and!
substantial;!!
2.! The! right! of! the! complainant! is! clear! and!
unmistakable;!!
for! the! writ! to! prevent! serious! damage!
[Strategic- Alliance- Development- Corp.- v.-
Star-Infrastructure-Development-Corp.,-G.R.-
No.-187872,-April-11,-2011];!and!!
4.! Its! effect! would! not! be! to! create! a! new!
relation! between! the! parties! which! was!
arbitrarily!interrupted!by!the!defendant.!
!
Ex]parte%TRO%(Rule%58,%Sec.%5)%
a.! Matter!of!extreme!urgency,!and!applicant!
will!suffer!grave!injustice!and!irreparable!
injury!
b.! Executive! judge! of! multiple\sala! court! or!
presiding! judge! of! single! sala! court! may!
issue! ex\parte! TRO! effective! for! 72! hours!
from%issuance!
c.! judge! shall! immediately! cause! upon!
adverse! party! service! of! summons,!
complaint,!affidavit,!and!bond!
d.! within!72!hours,!the!judge!shall!conduct!a!
summary! hearing! to! determine! whether!
the!TRO!shall!be!extended!until!application!
for! preliminary! injunction! can! be! heard!
including!the!72!hours)!
e.! if!application!for!preliminary!injunction!is!
denied!or!not!resolved!within!said!period,!
TRO! deemed! automatically! vacated!
(except,! if! it! is! issued! by! CA! or! member\
effective!for!60!days!from!service!of!copy;!
if!issued!by!SC!or!member!–effective!until!
f.! The! trial! court,! the! Court! of! Appeals,! the!
Sandiganbayan!or!the!Court!of!Tax!Appeals!
that!issued!a!writ!of!preliminary!injunction!
12
 PROVISIONAL REMEDIES PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION

against! a! lower! court,! board,! officer! or! preceding! sections,! if! the! matter! is! of! extreme!
quasi\judicial!agency!shall!decide!the!main! urgency! and! the! applicant! will! suffer! grave!
case!or!petition!within!six!months!from!the! injustice! and! irreparable! injury,! the! executive!
issuance!of!w\the!writ.!(Dec.!27,!2007)! judge!of!a!multiple\sala!court!or!the!presiding!judge!
! of! a! single! sala! court! may! issue! ex- parte- a!
! temporary! restraining! order! effective! for! only!
General!Rule:%Preliminary!injunction!is!not!granted! seventy\two!(72)!hours!from!issuance!but!he!shall!
without!notice!and!hearing.! immediately!comply!with!the!provisions!of!the!next!
% preceding!section!as!to!service!of!summons!and!the!
Exception:%When!temporary!restraining!order!may! documents! to! be! served! therewith.! Thereafter,!
be!issued!ex-parte.! within! the! aforesaid! seventy\two! (72)! hours,! the!
% judge! before! whom! the! case! is! pending! shall!
Grounds% for% the% dissolution% or% refusal% of% an% conduct!a!summary!hearing!to!determine!whether!
injunction:% the!temporary!restraining!order!shall!be!extended!
a.! complaint!is!insufficient!! until!the!application!for!preliminary!injunction!can!
b.! other! grounds! upon! affidavit! of! party! be! heard.! In! no! case! shall! the! total! period! of!
enjoined!(may!be!opposed!by!applicant!by! effectivity! of! the! temporary! restraining! order!
affidavits)! exceed! twenty! (20)! days,! including! the! original!
c.! defendant!is!permitted!to!post!a!counter\ seventy\two!hours!provided!herein.![Rule-58,-Sec.-5-
bond! it! appearing! that! he! would! sustain! (2)]!!
great! and! irreparable! injury! if! injunction! %
granted!or!continued!while!plaintiff!can!be! Period%of%twenty%days%non]extendible%!
fully!composed;! The!rule!against!the!non\extendibility!of!the!20\day!
d.! plaintiff’s!bond!is!insufficient!or!defective! effectivity!of!a!TRO!is!absolute!if!issued!by!the!RTC.!
! The!failure!of!the!trial!court!to!fix!the!period!in!the!
Principle% of% Prior% or% Contemporaneous% TRO!does!not!convert!it!to!a!preliminary!injunction.!
Jurisdiction% [Bacolod-City-Water-District-v.-Labayen,-supra]!!
When! an! application! for! a! writ! of! preliminary! !
injunction! or! a! temporary! restraining! order! is! Limitations% on% the% issuance% of% a% TRO% or%
included!in!a!complaint!or!any!initiatory!pleading,! injunction%!
the! case,! if! filed! in! a! multiple\sala! court,! shall! be! In-relation-to-R.A.-No.-8975,-ban-on-issuance-of-TRO-
raffled!only!after!NOTICE!to!and!IN!THE!PRESENCE! or-writ-of-injunction-in-cases-involving-government-
of!the!adverse!party!or!the!person!to!be!enjoined.! infrastructure-projects--
In! any! event,! such! notice! shall! be! preceded,! or! !
contemporaneously! accompanied! by! service! of! No!court,!except!the!Supreme!Court,!shall!issue!any!
summons,! together! with! a! copy! of! the! complaint! temporary! restraining! order,! preliminary!
and! the! applicant’s! affidavit! and! bond,! upon! the! injunction! or! preliminary! mandatory! injunction!
adverse! ! party! in! the! Philippines;! BUT! the! against!the!government,!or!any!of!its!subdivisions,!
requirement!or!prior!or!contemporaneous!service! officials!or!any!person!or!entity,!whether!public!or!
of!summons!shall!NOT!apply!where!the!summons! private!acting!under!the!government!direction,!to!
could!not!be!served!despite!diligent!efforts,!or!the! restrain,!prohibit!or!compel!the!following!acts:!!
defendant! is! a! resident! of! the! Philippines! a.! Acquisition,!clearance!and!development!of!
temporarily!absent!therefrom,!or!the!defendant!is! the!right\of\way!and/or!site!or!location!of!
a!non\resident!of!the!Philippines.! any!national!government!project;!!
! b.! Bidding! or! awarding! of! contract/! project!
Difference% with% principle% in% preliminary% of! the! national! government! as! defined!
attachment%% under!Section!2!hereof;!!
In! attachment,! the! principle! applies! only! in! the! c.! Commencement! prosecution,! execution,!
implementation! of! the! writ,! while! in! applications! implementation,! operation! of! any! such!
for!injunction!or!TRO,!this!principle!applies!before! contract!or!project;!!
the!raffle!and!issuance!of!the!writs!or!TRO.! d.! Termination! or! rescission! of! any! such!
! contract/project;!and!!
Period% of% TRO% if% based% on% extreme% (distinct)% e.! The! undertaking! or! authorization! of! any!
urgency:%Extension%of%17%days:%! other! lawful! activity! necessary! for! such!
However,! and! subject! to! the! provisions! of! the! contract/project.!!

DATABRIL2017 13
 PROVISIONAL REMEDIES PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION

!
Irreparable%Injury,%definition%
By!“irreparable!injury”!is!not!meant!such!injury!as!
is! beyond! the! possibility! of! repair,! or! beyond!
possible!compensation!in!damages,!nor!necessarily!
great! injury! or! great! damage,! but! that! species! of!
injury,!whether!great!or!small,!that!ought!not!to!be!
submitted! to! on! the! one! hand! or! inflicted! on! the!
other;!and!because!it!is!so!large!on!the!one!hand,!or!
small!on!the!other,!is!of!such!constant!and!frequent!
recurrence! that! no! fair! or! reasonable! redress! can!
be!had!therefore!in!a!court!of!law.%
!

DATABRIL2017 14