Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Cung Le, et al., v. Zuffa, LLC d/b/a Ultimate Fighting Championship and
UFC
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i.e.
available at
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i.e.
i.e.
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supra
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e.g.
i.e.
separate
supra
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arguendo
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e.g.
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share
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i.e.
MMAFighting
available at
Slate available at
MMAFighting
available at
Slate available at
The Guardian
available at
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 26 of 217
available at
The
Guardian available at
The Guardian
available at
The Ultimate Fighter
Fast Company
available at
Mulitchannel News
available at
Forbes
available a
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 28 of 217
available at
The Guardian
available at
Fast
Company available at
Mashable available
at
Mashable available
at
The
Best Damn Sports Show Period
Bloody Elbow
available at
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e.g.
i.e.
available at
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” available at
available at
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available at
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MMA Convert
available at
MMAFighting
available at
Payout
available at
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 37 of 217
MMA Junkie
available at
available at
SBNation
available at
available at
The Top 25 MMA Prospects for 2017, Part 2 available at
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available at
available at
available at
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 39 of 217
Bloody
Elbow available at
Huffington Post
available at
” available at
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 40 of 217
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available at
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Cung Le, et al., v. Zuffa, LLC d/b/a Ultimate Fighting Championship and
UFC
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MMAFighting available at
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MMA News
available at
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available at
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MMAFighting
available at
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i.e.
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i.e.
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Labor Economics
Modern Labor Economics: Theory and Public Policy
monetary
Microeconomics
Microeconomic Analysis
Microeconomic Theory
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 64 of 217
a share of revenue
level share
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share
i.e
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level
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i.e.
i.e.
no
mechanical
positive
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i.e.
Econometric Analysis
i.e.
not
i.e.,
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increased
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Spike available at
MMAFighting available at
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NBCSports
available at
MMA Junkie
available at
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available at
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i.e.
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available at
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MMA Newsline
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available at
Bleacher Report
supra
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i.e.
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other
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i.e.,
e.g.
e.g. e.g.
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i.e.,
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i.e.,
i.e.,
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MMAJunkie
available
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available at
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Inside MMA
sic
i.e.
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Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 141 of 217
a i.e.
k a
Z
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Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 143 of 217
Director
Co-Director,
Research Associate
Professor of Economics
Kirby Distinguished Visiting Professor of Economics
Professor of Economics
Research Associate
Senior Fellow
Faculty Member
Member
Fellow
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 144 of 217
Member
Visiting Scholar
Research Associate
Consulting Economist
Research Associate
Faculty Research Fellow
Research Economist
Consultant
Partner
Principal & Managing Director,
Board of Directors
Director
Senior Consultant,
Thompson Lecture
Nominating Committee,
Program Committee,
Organizer,
Program Chair
Pihl Lecturer,
Keynote Address
Kirby Lecturer,
Huggins Lecturer
Keynote Address
Keynote Address
Keynote Address
Energy Policy and the Economy
Keynote Address,
Keynote Address,
Keynote Address,
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 146 of 217
Books
Economica
American Economic
Review
Journal of Labor
Economics
Studies
in Search
Rand Journal of
Economics
Employment, Unemployment,
and Labor Utilization
Journal of Political
Economy
Quarterly Journal of
Economics
Journal of
Political Economy Outstanding Contributions
in Labor Economics,
GSB Chicago
Labour
Market and Economic Performance: Europe, Japan, and the USA
European
Economic Review
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 149 of 217
American
Economic Review,
Välfärdsstat i
omvandling: Amerikanskt Perspectiv pä den Svenska Modelten
Välfärdsstat i
omvandling: Amerikanskt Perspectiv pä den Svenska Modelten
Economic Inquiry,
American Economic
Review
Measuring the
Gains from Medical Research: An Economic Approach
NBER
NBER
Working Paper #11405, Journal of Political Economy,
Eugene Garfield Economic Impact of Medical Research
Award, Kenneth J. Arrow Award,
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 151 of 217
Handbook of the
Economics of Education,
Att
Reformera Välfärdsstaten,
American
Economic Review,
BE
Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy
American
Economic Review,
NBER
Macroeconomics Annual
Brookings Papers on
Economic Activity
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 154 of 217
“Spike TV Continues UFC Counter Attack Tactics with ‘Unleashed: Diego Sanchez,”
Adam Hill, “'A Timeline of UFC Rules: From No Barred to Highly Regulated,”
Allan Snel “Export product: UFC dispatching fight shows to global venues,” Las Vegas
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 160 of 217
Andy Bull, “The Fight Game Reloaded: How MMA and UFC Conquered the World,”
Brian Stelter, “As DVRs Shift TV Habits, Ratings Calculations Follow,” New York
Bryan Armen Graham, “New York ends ban and becomes 50th state to legalize mixed
martial arts,” The Guardian (March 22, 2016) available at
Dave Meltzer, “Bellator tops UFC in weekend ratings by 96,000 viewers,” MMAFighting
Dave Meltzer, “The pitfalls that faced UFC before its television success,” MMAFighting
Fernando Quiles Jr., “Gilbert Melendez Explains How Free Agency Improved His UFC
Contract,” MMA News (Augu
Gregory Fernstein, “UFC and Its Gang of 4.6 Million Facebook Friends Body Slam
Sports Broadcasting,” Fast Company (February 4, 2011) available at
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 161 of 217
Jason Cruz, “Updated: WSOF 34 draws 951,000 viewers, prelims draw 71,000 on
NBCSN,” Payout (January 4, 2017) available at ht
Jeff Beer, “How UFC is Taking the World’s Oldest Sport Into the Future of Media,” Fast
Jerry Bonkowski, “NBCSN to televise new MMA league bout after Daytona Xfinity
race,” NBCSports (Jun. 1, 2017), available at
Jesse Holland, “UFC International expansion plans include Macau in 2012, Singapore in
2013,” Bloody Elbow (November 4, 2011) available at
John Eligon, “A Boxing Regulator Changes Corners,” New York Times (November 24,
Kristi Dosh, “The Evolution of UFC Event Marketing: From the Beginning to UFC 200,”
Levi Nile, “UFC and Their Plans for Global Expansion,” Bleacher Report (January 1
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 162 of 217
Marc Raimondi, “Spike TV president: Bellator MMA 'on an even footing' with the UFC,”
Mark Bergmann, “Former PRIDE CEO Sakakibara plans to return to US market with
new RIZIN promotion,” Bloody Elbow (May 25, 2016) available at
Mike Bohn, “UFC champ Ronda Rousey: I don’t want people to know how much money
I make,” MMAJunkie (Oct. 13, 2014), available at http://mmajunkie.com/2014/10/ufc
Mike Chiappetta, “'The Grass Is Greener': UFC Bellator Signees Speak Out,” Bleacher
Ron Borges, “It was the Ultimate save; Business plan by Fertittas and White took UFC
from the brink to the heights” Boston Herald (Au
Sean Hyson, “Dana White, the man, the sport, and the money,” Men’s Fitness available
Stuart Miller, “Defending the Belt; UFC hits 100 and Keeps Swinging,” Mulitchannel
Stuart Miller, “Defending the Belt; UFC hits 100 and Keeps Swinging,” Mulitchannel
Teddy Montemayor and John Bieschke, “How the UFC and Reebok Changed the
Sponsorship Landscape in MMA,” MMA Newsline (January 9, 20
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mechanical
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 178 of 217
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Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 182 of 217
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Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 187 of 217
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As direct evidence of Zuffa’s market power, Dr. As direct evidence of Zuffa’s market power, Dr.
suppressed its athletes’ compensation, Zuffa has suppressed its athletes’ compensation, Zuffa has
Specifically, Dr. Singer measures Zuffa’s Specifically, Dr. Singer measures Zuffa’s
“foreclosure share” as the share of MMA athletes “foreclosure share” as the share of MMA athletes
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 201 of 217
“
”
(“[Fertitta] approached a few key athletic (“[Fertitta] approached a few key athletic
commissions – Nevada, Texas, Florida – and, commissions – Nevada, Texas, Florida – and,
“
” '”
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 202 of 217
Jeff Beer, “How UFC is Taking the World’s Oldest Jeff Beer, “How UFC is Taking the World’s Oldest
Sport Into the Future of Media,” Fast Company Sport Into the Future of Media,” Fast Company
bravado under the overall banner of the brand.”) bravado under the overall banner of the brand.”)
Fernstein, “UFC and Its Gang of 4.6 Million nstein, “UFC and Its Gang of 4.6 Million
Facebook Friends BodySlam Sports Broadcasting,” Facebook Friends BodySlam Sports Broadcasting,”
“The Pitfalls That Faced UFC Before Its Television Meltzer, “The pitfalls that faced UFC before its
Success” (The UFC’s former owner explained: television success,” MMAFighting (November 16,
“The other piece of the puzzle we didn’t have was
Dana.”)
“Export product: UFC dispatching fight “Export product: UFC dispatching fight
shows to global venues,” Las Vegas shows to global venues,” Las Vegas
Zane Simon, “UFC’s Brazilian TV deals are a Zane Simon, “UFC’s Brazilian TV deals are a
booming business,” Bloody Elbow (October 31, booming business,” Bloody Elbow (October 31,
mma-news; Jesse Holland, “UFC International mma-news; Jesse Holland, “UFC International
in 2013,” in 2013,”
(acknowledging that “one of the benefits of having (acknowledging that “one of the benefits of having
Jason Cruz, “Updated: WSOF 34 draws 951,000 Jason Cruz, “Updated: WSOF 34 draws 951,000
viewers, prelims draw 71,000 on NBCSN,” Payout viewers, prelims draw 71,000 on NBCSN,”
James Iannotti, “HDNet reaches television James Iannotti, “HDNet reaches television
agreements with DREAM and K-1,” SBNation agreements with DREAM and K-1,” SBNation
for its events (beating the UFC’s for its events (beating the UFC’s
One way to assess whether Zuffa’s contract One way to assess whether Zuffa’s contract
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 205 of 217
basis.” basis.”
side effect of the business. ‘You have a limited a side effect of the business. ‘You have a limited
number of spots,’ Rebney explained. ‘So you’re number of spots,’ Rebney explained. ‘So you’re
position where you’re just building someone up for position where you’re just building someone up for
’ That’s what the clause is designed someone else. That’s what the clause is designed
for. It’s not designed to put the fighter in a worse for. It’s not designed to put the fighter in a worse
position. It’s not created to give the promoter who position. It’s not created to give the promoter who
pay him less. All you’re saying is, ‘ pay him less. All you’re saying is,
14 days, I’ve got to release you.’ 14 days, I’ve got to release you.’
Dr. Singer states that “[a]ll PARs contain a right to Dr. Singer states that “[a]ll PARs contain a right to
match clause, which ‘grants Zuffa the right to match clause, which ‘grants Zuffa the right to
match competing promoters’ offer[s] for [a] limited match competing promoters’ offer[s] for [a] limited
Strikeforce’s Scott Coker testified as to the Strikeforce’s Scott Coker testified as to the
purpose of these kinds of extensions: “Q: So purpose of these kinds of extensions: “Q: So
one of the reasons…that Strikeforce at least had one of the reasons…that Strikeforce at least had
the champion’s clause was because Strikeforce the champion’s clause was because Strikeforce
Singer’s contract data is incomplete, some Singer’s contract data is incomplete, some
being “early re-signs.” However, I have reduced the being “early re-signs.” However, I have reduced the
salaries, which is to say that Chicago’s faculty are salaries, which is to say that Chicago’s faculty are
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 207 of 217
at Chapter 3 and pp. 550-551 … Michael L. at Chapter 3 and pp. 550-551 … Michael L.
… Andreu … Andreu
“effectively serve as benchmarks for the “effectively serve as benchmarks for the
mechanical correlation by recalculating Dr. Singer’s mechanical correlation by recalculating Dr. Singer’s
assumption that Dr. Singer’s unweighted Zuffa assumption that Dr. Singer’s unweighted Zuffa
Singer’s revenue weight for Zuffa divided by the Singer’s revenue weight for Zuffa divided by the
Dr. Zuffa’s
Further, his measure of foreclosure—the share of Further, his measure of foreclosure—the share of
athletes under contract to Zuffa—merely athletes under contract to Zuffa—merely
Zuffa’s success in promoting MMA events. Zuffa’s success in promoting MMA events.
Dr. Singer defines the relevant input market “based Dr. Singer defines the relevant input market “based
Mr. Genauer notes in his declaration, “FightMetric’s Mr. Genauer notes in his declaration, “FightMetric’s
not based on FightMetric’s assessment of these not based on FightMetric’s assessment of these
athletes’ skills, but rather the promotion they athletes’ skills, but rather the promotion they
women’s featherweight division in December 2016. women’s featherweight division in December 2016.
Zuffa has recently added a women’s flyweight Zuffa has recently added a women’s flyweight
weight class. Zuffa does not have a women’s weight class. Zuffa does not have a women’s
atomweight or men’s strawweight atomweight or men’s strawweight
Putting aside the many flaws in his “foreclosure” Putting aside the many flaws in his “foreclosure”
any “impact” of Headliner share tells us any “impact” of Headliner share tells us
women’s featherweight division in December 2016. women’s featherweight division in December 2016.
Zuffa has recently added a women’s flyweight Zuffa has recently added a women’s flyweight
weight class. Zuffa does not have a women’s weight class. Zuffa does not have a women’s
atomweight or men’s strawweight class. atomweight or men’s strawweight class.
Singer’s revenueweighted foreclosure shares with Singer’s revenueweighted foreclosure shares with
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 211 of 217
Dr. Singer states “I consider a Fighter to be in the Dr. Singer states “I consider a Fighter to be in the
“How the UFC and Reebok Changed the “How the UFC and Reebok Changed the
Sponsorship Landscape in MMA,” supra note Sponsorship Landscape in MMA,” supra note
inactivity (during which they did not get paid).” inactivity (during which they did not get paid).”
Dr. Singer describes UFC as “privately owned and Dr. Singer describes UFC as “privately owned and
.” .”
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 213 of 217
When asked about the “Minimum Fighter When asked about the “Minimum Fighter
Document” that Dr. Singer cites, Mr. Epstein Document” that Dr. Singer cites, Mr. Epstein
described the document as “taking a look at the described the document as “taking a look at the
their – of their history and their development of their – of their history and their development of
their career, and it’s all depending upon that.”) their career, and it’s all depending upon that.”)
coefficient on others’ compensation in both the coefficient on others’ compensation in both the
suppression.” suppression.”
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 214 of 217
compensation on others’ current and lagged compensation on others’ current and lagged
compensation as evidence that “gains (or losses) compensation as evidence that “gains (or losses)
Class members both within and across years.” Class members both within and across years.”
payments “that Zuffa offered to Fighters in payments “that Zuffa offered to Fighters in
.” .”
Singer’s regression data, total damages equal bouts in Dr. Singer’s regression data, total
pays more than other promoters: “UFC… has the pays more than other promoters: “UFC… has the
Brian Stelter, “As DVRs Shift TV Habits, Ratings Brian Stelter, “As DVRs Shift TV Habits, Ratings
Calculations Follow,” New York Times (Oct. 6, Calculations Follow,” New York Times (Oct. 6,
programming and that “[o]n-demand viewing programming and that “[o]n-demand viewing
year.”) year.”)
“the “a
Mark Bergmann, “Former PRIDE CEO Sakakibara Mark Bergmann, “Former PRIDE CEO Sakakibara
promotion,” Bloody Elbow (May 25, 2016) available promotion,” Bloody Elbow (May 25, 2016) available
Case 2:15-cv-01045-RFB-BNW Document 696-8 Filed 07/12/19 Page 216 of 217
“' “
Holds-Barred to Highly Regulated,” Holds-Barred to Highly Regulated,”
Shaun Al-Shatti, “Bellator CEO Bjorn Rebney Shaun Al-Shatti, “Bellator CEO Bjorn Rebney