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Domestic sewage contains 99.9% water, 0.02 -0.03% suspended solids and
balance other inorganic (30%) and organic (70%) substances. Inorganic
components include chloride salts, Surfactants, and Oils. Organic
components either nitrogenous like proteins and amino acids or non –
nitrogenous compounds like carbohydrates and lipids. Offensive nature of
the sewage is mainly due tic the organic matter which it contains. In
addition, sewage is charges with numerous living organisms derived from
faeces, some of which may be agents to diseases. It is estimated that one
gram of faces may contain about 1000 million E.coil, 10 -100 million of
faecal streptococci and 1 -10 million spores of clostridium perfringens
besides several other pathogens

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 Every time you flush the toilet it is literally money down the drain. With
scarcity and water charges soaring sky high besides municipality refusing
to provide flushing water, it is time we look at recycling more seriously.
Use of boring water for flushing is fine as long as TDS is not high. High
TDS can damage GI pipes and cause water seepage in the walls. Recycling
of water is not a new concept. ‘Mother nature’ does it all the time. With
newer technologies and method, it can be replicated by us cost-effectively.

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Wastes are treated by a variety of sewage treatment processes that
are aimed at reducing the biological oxygen demand(BOD) and
removing nutrients that could cause eutrophication of receiving
waters. Sewage treatment can involve physical removal of solids
(primary treatment); biological decomposition of organic compounds
(secondary treatment); chemical, physical or biological removal of
other constituents such as heavy metals, nitrogen, and phosphates
(tertiary treatment); and disinfection to remove potentially
pathogenic microorganisms

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The detritus chamber removes heavy inorganic matter like grit, sand,
gravel, road scrapings and ashes. These particles are discrete
particles that do not decay but create nuisance. They may injure
pumps and make sludge digestion difficult. Grit particles are of large
size and hence high destiny compared to organic matter. Thus are
removed by differential settling and Bar Screen.

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A process where air (oxygen) is diffused in sewage to grow aerobic
bacteria which oxidize the organic matter
Diffused aerators, surface aerators, fixed bed, floating bed, MBR are
examples of aerobic treatment
Influent Tertiary Effluent
Primary Aeration Secondary treatment
clarifier tank clarifier unit

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The purpose of tertiary treatment is to provide a final treatment stage
to raise the effluent quality before it is discharged to the receiving
environment (sea, river, lake, ground, etc.). More than one tertiary
treatment process may be used at any treatment plant. If disinfection
is practiced, it is always the final process. It is also called "effluent
polishing."

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In recent years, sophisticated needs for advanced sewage
treatment have been increasing for recycling sewage
treatment water. Ozonation as part of advanced sewage
treatment is assumed to be extremely effective for
decolourization, disinfection, deodorization, and reduction of
COD because of its strong oxidizing capability. AM Ozonics,
offers an originally developed ozonation system that achieves
low running cost and space saving using a highly efficient
ozonizer of completely new concept to meet these needs.

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Eliminates foul odour in treated sewage water

Bleaches humic colour present in water to give clear aesthetically
acceptable treated water for secondary application such as flushing,
floor washing and gardening.

Reduces COD and BOD in water

Excellent disinfection with smaller contact time

Ozone produced onsite, no need for storage of disinfection chemicals

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Oxidation of organic matter into simple compounds such as CO2
,NO2 , water, etc using oxygen and bacteria is known as sewage
treatment

In nature this process takes place on its own with a process known as
nitrification

Oxidizable material + bacteria + nutrient + O3 →

CO2 + H2O + oxidized inorganic such as NO3 or SO4

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ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

AEROBIC DIGESTION

ELECTRO COGULATION

CHEMICAL OXIDATION

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A process by which sewage is broken down
by bacteria in absence of oxygen releasing
CO2 and methane

Septic tank , soak pit , digesters, bio gas
generators are some examples of anaerobic
digesters

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Does not require power

No sludge formation (solids settle at the
bottom of tank are digested by bacteria)

Destroys most of organic load

Noise free operation

Underground tank does not occupy space

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Slow process requires 24 hours retention

Quality of water not good enough for reuse

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A process where air (oxygen) is diffused in
sewage to grow aerobic bacteria which
oxidize the organic matter

Diffused aerators, surface aerators, fixed bed,
floating bed, MBR are examples of aerobic
treatment

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Most popular system

Water can be recycled after tertiary treatment
and disinfection

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Requires continues power for blowers to
operate

Sewage should be continues and not less
than half the designed quantity

Operator dependent (MLSS has to be
maintained)

Noisy system as blowers operate 24 hrs

Requires space

Generates sludge which has to be disposed

Does not operate well if incoming sewage is
dilute

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Aerobic digestion followed by ultra filtration
membrane is known as MBR

The tank in which aeration takes place the
hollow fibers membrane is inserted

A reversible pump sucks the water thru the
membrane and also back flush the membrane

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Clear water output can be used for flushing
washing

High MLSS maintained

Self operating system

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High capital cost

High running costs

Frequent maintenance

Fouling of membrane if not used for some
time

Cannot be turned on or off at will

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System based on electro flocculation wherein
the sewage is electrolyzed by an electrical
current

The sacrificial iron electrode diffuses in water
causing flocs (froth) on surface which is
skimmed off then remaining water is filtered
and then disinfected

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No bacterial growth needed

Wide operating range can perform even at
25% sewage inlet

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Replacement of electrode required

Cleaning of electrode required as oxidation
on electrode reduce efficiency

Froth has to be disposed (almost 5% by
weight of sewage water)

Iron is leached in water

Requires secondary disinfection

If chlorine is used it will react with iron to
form ferric chloride which is toxic

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Since every system has some drawbacks

Am ozonics has taken help from nature to
solve the problem

Anaerobic combined with OZONE oxidation to
give effective and economical solution to
treat sewage

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 SEPTIC TANK FOR AEROBIC DIGESTION

The human excreta consists of 65% mineral matter and 35% organic matter of

which of organic matter (solids)) are liquefied or gasified in the septic tank. The

heavier matter (sludge) settles at the bottom and the lighter matter (grease and
fats)

forms and layer called scum on the top. Solids are attacked by the bacteria and
are

broken down into simpler compounds. This is the first stage of purification called

anaerobic digestion.

The sludge is much reduced in volume and is rendered stable and inoffensive. A

portion of the solids is transferred into liquid which passes out of the outlet pipe

from time to the time called effluent. It contains numerous bacteria, cysts,

helminthic ova and organic matter in solution or fine suspension.

In a typical septic tank, about 80% of the incoming suspended solids will be

removed and the BOD will be reduced. However, this method cannot be relied
upon

to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms in sewage.

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BOD (biochemical oxygen demand)
◦ Carbon matter, depletes O2, causes biomass growth

TSS (total suspended solids)
◦ Depletes O2

NH3 (ammonia)
◦ Toxic to fish, depletes O2, a nutrient that promotes biol. growth

NO3 (nitrate)
◦ Toxic to babies, drinking water regulated, a nutrient

TP (total phosphorus)
◦ A nutrient

Pathogens (bacteria/viruses)
◦ Disease causing

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Ozonation has been adopted to polish sewage for the purposes of
deodorization, removal of odour, disinfection, removal of organics, & so
on. Complete oxidation of dissolved organic materials to CO2 & H2O in
aqueous solutions is rare by means of any other oxidant. In general if an
organic material is resistant to oxidation by O3 (the most powerful oxidant
used in sewage treatment )it will also be resistant to oxidation by any other
(weaker) oxidant. In comparing the cost benefits of using an ozonation
technique versus another process for accomplishing a single pollution
control objective one should also be aware if the additional functions that
ozone performs which many times are advantageous technically &
economically For e.g. in decolorizing sewage with ozone, disinfection also
is obtained as well an increase in DO content. The reuse of the effluent
after advance treatment has been attracting attention more & more.
Ozonation is a promised & key technology for the advanced treatment for
reuse.

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Ozone emerges as a very versatile solution offering the highest
efficiency in the treatment of sewage. It allows the production of
an sewage with no microorganisms, no colour, no odour, low COD
level and suitable for discharge into the environment , use in
agriculture or return to the process. Moreover there is a true
destruction & not a displacement of the pollution.

Combined with filtration, Ozone provides an optimized chemical

and biochemical oxidation. Unlike systems that only displace
pollution by producing large amounts of sludge (e.g. precipitation
with salts and flocculation ) or by producing a concentrate of this
pollution (e.g. with membranes), ozone really eliminates the
pollution and produces only a small amount of biological sludge.

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Space saving

No Sludge Formation

Economical

No chemicals required

No Maintenance

Easy to install

Skilled operator not required

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Ozone is tri atomic Oxygen

O3 is a very strong disinfectant & oxidant. Any pathogen or
contaminant that can be disinfected, altered or removed via an
oxidation process, will be affected by ozone.

It is the strongest of all molecules available for disinfection.

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Ozone is an allotrope of Oxygen. It is 1.5 time as dense as oxygen
and 12.5 times more soluble in water and leaves no residuals or
byproducts except oxygen and a minimal amount of carbon dioxide
and water.

In water treatment ozone is more than twice as powerful as chlorine
and acts 3000 times faster.

Ozone can be used as a disinfectant deodorizer, detoxifier and a
coagulant.

Due to these properties ozone is widely used in air, water and waste
water treatment in variety of applications.

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Untreated sewage from a property flows into the septic tank and
the solids are separated from the liquid.

Solid material is separated depending on their density. Heavier
particles settle at the bottom of the tank whereas lighter particles,
such as soap scum, will form a layer at the top of the tank.

Biological (anaerobic) processes are used to help degrade the solid
materials.

The liquid then is pumped into a sand filter.

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From the sand filter the liquid is collected in a tank where it is ozonised to
50ppm.

Ozone partially oxidizes organic material: large molecules and refractory
materials are broken down into smaller biologically degradable molecules
that can be removed by filtration.

Sewage ozonised in such a manner shows a considerable reduction in COD,
BOD, TSS and turbidity.

Unpleasant odour are caused by Hydrogen sulphide, ammonia and phenols,
these are removed by ozone.

Generally organic macro molecules with conjugate carbon-carbon double
bonds cause colour ozone cleaves these bonds removing 95% of the colour

This treated water can be directly used for agriculture purposes.

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The water is then filtered in fine sand filter and activated carbon filter

Then re ozonised on line as a final polishing and disinfection

This treated water can be used for flushing, car washing, gardening
cooling tower feed, etc

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Parameters
Parameters Inlet Outlet

COD 350-450 >50

BOD 150-200 >20

TSS 50 >10

PH 6-8 6-8

Outlet water can be used for gardening, car washing, flushing

and floor washing, etc.

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 Orange City Hospital STP (Ozone Technology)

Basic Details

1. Capacity of the plant :- 1 KLD

2. Space required for STP :- 50 ft x 20 ft = 1000 Sq ft.
3. Working condition of STP :- Good condition, daily 3 to 4 hrs working
4. Feedback from hospital staff :- Good quality of treated water, no smelling
of water.
5. Use of Treated Water :- Use for Gardening, flushing , floor washing
& Car washing
6. O3 flow :- Not provided
 Primary Settling Tank
(Underground)
1lakh lit

Collection Tank
(Underground)
1lakh lit
 Sand
Filter
Ozonation Tank
5000 lit.
O3 Generation Plant
Tertiary Treatment
 Water Sample

Inlet Outlet
STP Water Analysis Report
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