Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Outlines Chap. 7, 8
Chapter 7:
Found in Article II
Appointment Power
o Authorized to appoint ambassadors, public ministers and consuls,
Supreme Court judges, other offices
o With advice and consent of Senate
Power to Convene Congress
o Const. requires prez to inform Congress periodically of a “State of the
Union” address
o Prez can convene either house or both houses on special occasions
2
Vice President
o For years, considered obscure
o Chosen to balance the presidential ticket
o FDR, a liberal NYer, chose a conservative Texan as VP
o Obama chose Joe Biden for his foreign policy experience
The Cabinet
o Team of advisors for president
o Hand picked by prez usually
First lady
o Depends on what she wants to do
o Edit Bolling Gait Wilson
When Woodrow Wilson was partly paralyzed, she became his
surrogate and ran the country
o Eleanor Roosevelt
Wrote newspaper column
Traveled and lectured
Worked on Dem. Party matters
Raised six children
Became a delegate to UN
Headed JFK’s Commission on Status of Women
o Michelle Obama
Prioritizes health and physical fitness
Planted organic White House vegetable garden
Visits schools
Executive Office of the President
o Established by FDR
o Provides president with general staff to help direct activities of exeutive
branch
o A mini bureaucracy
o Has expanded over time and has become the prime policy makers in fields
of expertise
White House staff
4
Modern prsidents play major role in setting legislative agenda, esp when House
and Senate are in disagreement
o Tend to have a hard time persuading Congress to pass their programs
o Important to take advantage of honeymoon period to pass things
o Can bolster support from political party
Budgetary process and Legislative implementation
o Prez sets national policy and priorities through budget proposals and
insistence on congressional passage
o Congress have power of the purse, and so Congress had responsibility of
budgetary process until 1930 economic disaster
Gave FDR opportunity to involve himself in congressional
budgetary process
o Nixon changed Executive Office of the President to Office of Management
and Budget to clarify function
Works exclusively for prez
Employs budget and policy experts
5
Chapter 8:
o Civil rights mvmt and LBJ’s Great Society programs grew bureaucracy
EEOC and HUD
o Amtrak
Government Workers and Political Involvement
o Ppl began to fear that members of civil service would have too much
power
o Hatch Act – prohibited federal employees from becoming directly involved
with political candidates
Later liberalized to allow employees to run for public office in
nonpartisan elections, contribute money to political organizations,
campaign for or against candidates
Many agree that prez should take charge of bureaucracy to ensure they are
under control
But, Congress controls them
As nat. gov’t grows, bureaucracies have grown in power
Prez control
o Presidents try to appoint best people to carry out their policy
o Prez can reorganize bureaucracy
o Prez can shape policy and provide direction to bureaucracies
Congressional Control
o Can confirm or reject nomineses to top bureaucratic positions
o Can use investigatory power to conduct program evals
o Has power of purse (spending)
Judicial Control
o Less apparent
o Can issue injunctions or orders to an agency before a rule is publicized
o Courts have ruled that agencies must give all affected individuals due
process rights guaranteed by US const.
o Litigation exerts strong influence on bureaucrats