The Rotary Rig and Its Components

Parts for Derrick Drilling

1) crown block ( Bloque de Corona ) ( LEO )

The fixed set of pulleys (called sheaves) located at

the top of the derrick or mast, over which the drilling line is threaded. The companion
blocks to these pulleys are the traveling blocks. By using two sets of blocks in this
fashion, great mechanical advantage is gained, enabling the use of relatively small
drilling line (3/4 to 1 1/2 in. diameter steel cable) to hoist loads many times heavier
than the cable could support as a single strand

2) Rack pipe ( Tubo de bastidor ) ( Paola Ortuño )

To place pipe withdrawn from the hole on a pipe

rack. To stand pipe on the derrick floor when pulling
it out of the hole , The pipe rack supports drill pipe,
drill collars or casing above the ground. These
structures are used in pairs located about 20 ft [6 m]
apart and keep the pipe above ground level and
closer to the level of the catwalk.
 3) Casing ( caja ) ( LEO )

Steel pipe cemented in place during the construction

process to stabilize the wellbore. Steel pipe placed in
an oil or gas well to prevent the Wall of the hole from
caving in , to prevent movement of fluids from one
formation to another , and to improve the efficiency of
extracting petroleum if the well is productive.

4) Mud Circulating System ( Sistema de Circulación de

Lodos ) ( alex oros )

Drilling mud is a important part for the drilling

work to maintain the wellbore; Cool, lubricate
and support the bit and drilling assembly mud
circulating systemand so on, most important,
remove cuttings from well. Then here it
problem, to reuse the drilling mud. Then it is the
time for mud circulating system to come here.
the process of pumping mud downward to the
bit and back up to the Surface in a drilling or
workover operation.

5) Annular Preventer ( Obturador anular )

 A large valve used to control wellbore fluids. In this type of
valve, the sealing element resembles a large rubber doughnut that is mechanically
squeezed inward to seal on either pipe (drill collar, drillpipe, casing, or tubing) or the
openhole.

6) choke manifold ( Colector de estrangulamiento )

A set of high-pressure valves and associated

piping that usually includes at least two adjustable chokes, arranged such that one
adjustable choke may be isolated and taken out of service for repair and refurbishment
while well flow is directed through the other one

7) Standpipe (Tubo vertical ) ( alex oros)

 A rigid metal conduit that provides the high-
pressure pathway for drilling mud to travel
approximately one-third of the way up the
derrick, where it connects to a flexible high-
pressure hose (kelly hose). Many large rigs are
fitted with dual standpipes so that downtime is
kept to a minimum if one standpipe requires
repair.

8) Rathole ( Hoyo de rata )

A storage place for the kelly, consisting of an

opening in the rig floor fitted with a piece of casing
with an internal diameter larger than the outside
diameter of the kelly, but less than that of the
upper kelly valve so that the kelly may be lowered
into the rathole until the upper kelly valve rests on the top of the piece of casing.

9) Kelly
 A long square or hexagonal steel bar with a
hole drilled through the middle for a fluid path.
The kelly is used to transmit rotary motion from
the rotary table or kelly bushing to the
drillstring, while allowing the drillstring to be
lowered or raised during rotation.

he kelly transfers rotary motion from the rotary

table or kelly bushing to the drillstring. The
upper diagram shows the interior fluid path. The
middle diagram shows the hexagonal cross
section. The lower diagram shows the outside
view of the kelly.
10)Derrick floor ( Piso de la torre ) ( Garcias )

The relatively small work area in which the rig crew

conducts operations, usually adding or removing
drillpipe to or from the drillstring. The rig floor is the
most dangerous location on the rig because heavy
iron is moved around there

11)Drilling hook (Gancho de perforación ) (PaolaOrtuño )

The high-capacity J-shaped equipment used to hang various

other equipment, particularly the swivel and kelly, the elevator
bails or topdrive units. The hook is attached to the bottom of the
traveling block and provides a way to pick up heavy loads with
the traveling block. The hook is either locked (the normal
condition) or free to rotate, so that it may be mated or
decoupled with items positioned around the rig floor, not limited
to a single direction.

12)Wireline ( Cableado ) ( LEO )

 A general term used to describe well-
intervention
operations
conducted using
single-strand or
multistrand wire
or cable for
intervention in oil
or gas wells.
Although applied
inconsistently, the
term commonly is used in association with electric
logging and cables incorporating electrical
conductors. Similarly, the term slickline is commonly
used to differentiate operations performed with
single-strand wire or braided lines

13) Cathead (serviola )

A clutched spool connected to the drawworks power system used to tension chains,
cables and softline rope.
 14) Drill string ( sarta de perforación ) ( Garcias )

The combination of the drillpipe, the bottomhole assembly and any other tools used
to make the drill bit turn at the bottom of the wellbore.

15)kelly bushing ( Buje de Kelly )

An adapter that serves to connect the rotary table

to the kelly. The kelly bushing has an inside
diameter profile that matches that of the kelly,
usually square or hexagonal. It is connected to the
rotary table by four large steel pins that fit into
mating holes in the rotary table. The rotary motion
from the rotary table is transmitted to the bushing
through the pins, and then to the kelly itself
through the square or hexagonal flat surfaces
between the kelly and the kelly bushing. The kelly then turns the entire drillstring
because it is screwed into the top of the drillstring itself. Depth measurements are
commonly referenced to the KB, such as 8327 ft KB, meaning 8327 feet below the
kelly bushing.

16) Blind rams (Espolones ciegos )

A thick, heavy steel component of a conventional ram

blowout preventer. In a normal pipe ram, the two
blocks of steel that meet in the center of the wellbore
to seal the well have a hole (one-half of the hole on
each piece) through which the pipe fits. The blind ram
has no space for pipe and is instead blanked off in order
to be able to close over a well that does not contain a
drillstring. It may be loosely thought of as the sliding
gate on a gate valve.

17) Heavyweight drillpipe ( Tubo de perforación de peso

pesado ) ( Paola Ortuño )
A type of drillpipe whose walls are thicker and collars are longer than conventional
drillpipe. HWDP tends to be stronger and has higher tensile strength than
conventional drillpipe, so it is placed near the top of a long drillstring for additional
support.

18) BOP stack (Pila de BOP ) ( AlexOros)

A set of two or more BOPs used to ensure pressure

control of a well. A typical stack might consist of one to six
ram-type preventers and, optionally, one or two annular-
type preventers. A typical stack configuration has the ram
preventers on the bottom and the annular preventers at
the top. The configuration of the stack preventers is
optimized to provide maximum pressure integrity, safety
and flexibility in the event of a well control incident.

19) shut-in pressure (Presión de cierre )

The surface force per unit area exerted at the top of a wellbore when it
is closed at either the Christmas tree or the BOP stack. The pressure
may be from the formation or an external and intentional source. The
SIP may be zero, indicating that any open formations are effectively
balanced by the hydrostatic column of fluid in the well. If the pressure
is zero, the well is considered to be dead, and can normally be opened
safely to the atmosphere.
20) Topdrive ( Garcias )

A device that turns the drillstring. It consists of one or more motors

(electric or hydraulic) connected with appropriate gearing to a short
section of pipe called a quill, that in turn may be screwed into a saver
sub or the drillstring itself. The topdrive is suspended from the hook,
so the rotary mechanism is free to travel up and down the derrick.
This is radically different from the more conventional rotary table and
kelly method of turning the drillstring because it enables drilling to be
done with three joint stands instead of single joints of pipe