HOUSING ASSIGNMENT-2

ELUGAM SNEHA
NEIGHBOURHOOD AND COMMUNITY
• Neighborhood
Neighborhood is a concept that arises out of the word neighbor that refers to
people living near or adjacent to one another. In a city, neighborhood is
always the area that surrounds this city or lies in the close vicinity. However,
the word has also come to mean the people living near one another in a
particular area or district. Considerations amenities such as the area’s
crime rate, the school district, how long your commute to work is and
whether there are nearby amenities, such as grocery stores, banks, gas
stations, restaurants etc .

• Community

Community is a word that refers to groups of people living in a particular

area or district.It is also a word that is used to refer to ethnic groups living
inside a particular area. The word is also used to refer to specific groups
within a community such as the business community, community of lawyers,
and so on. Then there is the use of community to describe community
colleges, community hospitals, community service, and so on.
What is the difference between Neighborhood
and Community?
Neighborhood
• Neighborhood mostly refers to the
adjoining area or the surrounding area of a
city.
• There is definite geographical entity when
referring to a neighborhood i.e. can be
measured.
• A neighborhood is used more in a physical
sense.
• In neighborhoods, there is not a sense of
togetherness like in a community.
• Neighborhoods might be friendly but
not productive
Community
• A community is a group of people who are
bound or united by some thing and not
necessarily in close proximity like a
neighborhood.
• There is no reference to geographical
boundaries while talking about community
i.e. cannot be measured.
• whereas there are social implications of the
concept of community.
• there is a sense of togetherness in a
community.
• its members, either actively or
passively, work to produce something,
like nurturing schools or a friendly
environment.
PARAMETERS CONSIDERED FOR
NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING
The case of Aranya low-cost housing
CASE STUDY FACTS
• Location - 6km from the centre ofIndore city, M.P.

• Client- Indore Development Authority

• Principal Architect - Balkrishna Doshi

• Project Associate - Mr. Himanshu Parikh

• Structural Engineer - M/s Stein Doshi &Bhalla, New Delhi

• Project Engineers -EnvironmentalEngineering Consultants, Bombay

• Total Built-up Area -100,000 m2

• Project Cost - Rs. 100 Million•Year of completion – 1989

• Award - Aga Khan award forArchitecture in 1996

“Concept of Neighborhood” was introduced with changing trend in society.
Neighborhood is basically a self contained community which provides maximum social
interaction to the inhabitants and basic components are the housing clusters,
neighborhood center, education facilities, recreational facilities and circulation
network.
PARAMETERS
• Planning of “Housing
Cluster” is based upon the
income group of the people.
The clusters are divided into
low income group housing,
middle and high income
housing and standard of
facilities vary according to the
income group of people.
PARAMETERS
• Planning of the Neighborhood Centre is done in such a way so that it is
easily accessible from all housing cluster and should be within range of 1km
from all clusters.
NEIGHBORHOOD
PARAMETERS • Recreational areas- follow hierarchy in terms of parks, open spaces,
eating joints etc. Hierarchy of recreational areas is maintained in
terms of neighborhood parks, cluster parks and the tot-lots (in
between each cluster there can be a separate informal activity areas.

•Educational areas- basically provided in terms of kindergartens,

nursery schools and primary schools (basically meant for small kids).
Accessibility of educational areas is preferred from secondary roads
rather than main highways and generally the way to these areas
should be pedestrianized.

• Circulation areas- hierarchy of these is maintained from peripheral

paths. Internal loop roads connect the various clusters and access
roads provide access to various housing units. Depending upon
hierarchy, width of road varies. Attempt should be made so that
maximum roads are along north-south direction so as to avoid direct
glare of Sun.
DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD AND HEALTHY
COMMUNITY
PRINCIPLE 1:
SMART LOCATION
Locate new development adjacent to existing development
or close to existing infrastructure, especially transit.
“Smart Locations” help preserve
habitats and biodiversity,
translating in to positive health
impacts. Further, they lower the
use of the automobile by facilitating
the link between physical activity
and transit utilization.
Simultaneously it reduces the need
to use undeveloped land for roads
and parking.
• Offer public transit alternatives.
• Support “aging in place” by
providing transit and enabling
longer term independence and
activity.
• Support accessibility to transit by
placing transit stops strategically.
• Design inviting, well-lit, sheltered
transit stops.
PRINCIPLE 2:
INTEGRATE NATURE
Conserve sensitive habitats and natural vistas within and around the
community. Integrate natural areas with the larger open space network. At the broadest, most systemic
levels, natural systems and diverse
landscape experiences maintain
and cleanse our environment while
promoting physical health and
psychological well-being at
community scale.
• Local authorities need to be
proactive in planning for coherent,
integrated trail networks and
quality open space (incl. passive
and active recreation).
• Simultaneously, open space
systems must protect contiguous
habitat and or wildlife corridors..
PRINCIPLE 3:
MIX USES
Provide a mixture of land uses within a relatively compact area.

Land use mixing provides for the

daily needs of the community and
enhances human health.
• ”Smart Growth” zoning and form-
based codes need adoption as a
means of regulating compact,
mixed use communities that
facilitate positive health impacts.
PRINCIPLE 4:
MIXED HOUSING TYPES / MIXED INCOMES /MULTIGENERATIONAL
Create residential developments that include a variety of housing types and tenures; encourage
attainable housing for all community members of all backgrounds and ages.

Land use mixing provides for the

daily needs of the community and
enhances human health.
• ”Smart Growth” zoning and form-
based codes need adoption as a
means of regulating compact,
mixed use communities that
facilitate positive health impacts.
PRINCIPLE 5:
CIRCULATION ALTERNATIVES
Build walkable and bike-able communitiesthrough pedestrian-
oriented urban design and multi-modal transportation networks.
“Active Transportation,” that is walking
and biking for utilitarian purposes, has
been demonstrated to have a positive
impact on population health
• Provide ADA-compliant sidewalks that
are free of obstacles and designed as
part of a greater utilitarian and
recreational network wide enough for two-
way traffic.
• Instill a feeling of safety by providing
adequate lighting and separating
pathways from vehicular roadways.
• Design roadways to accommodate all
types of traffic, including cyclists and
motorists (the “complete street
movement”).
PRINCIPLE 6:
PRIDE OF PLACE
Provide a variety and range of linked gathering places that
enable residents to exercise, meet and mix..

Public spaces, at all scales, are a critical

element in the land use mix needed to
foster social capital and human health.
• Design communities to provide an
“enabling environment” for social
interaction in high quality public spaces,
including streetscape.
• Consider “soft programming” (like
festivals, fairs, and seasonal attractions)
for the public spaces, activities that
encourage community members
participation.
PRINCIPLE 7:
LIFELONG LEARNING AND TEACHING
Foster opportunities for intellectual growth and exchange
over the course of life, including the provision of educational
facilities within walking distance of residences.
Lifelong education at all ages is
important for positive health
outcomes.
• Integrate facilities that can
accommodate educational
programming in to residential
development.
• Locate schools as part of a
greater “active transportation”
network so walking and biking to
school become viable options in
a safe and well-lit circulation
system.
PRINCIPLE 8:
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Integrate sustainable development at all scales, including urban
form, mix and location of uses, walking networks, sustainable
infrastructure, social programs and building technologies.
Low-impact development (LID)
and green building technologies
can yield positive benefits for the
ecosystem as well as human
health.
• IGBC programs such as LEED
and BEE help measure
successful adoption or particular
tools in a broad, integrated
approach to sustainability.
ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABILITY
 3 SPHERES OF SUSTAINABILITY
What is Sustainability?
sustainable development is that “meets the needs of the present, without
compromising the capacity for future generations to meet their own
needs." We’ll look at this from three approaches:
● Environmental
The care of nature and the environment. This takes into account the
site, materials, constructive techniques, services and natural resources.
It seeks that buildings integrate with the ecosystem, have healthy
interiors, consume few resources and produce little waste. It calls for
practices that care for biodiversity and are efficient throughout the life
cycle of the building.
● Social
This focuses on the inhabitants of a building, taking into account their
customs and culture. Furthermore, it looks at people involved in the
construction. These are workers who make and sell materials, laborers,
and communities surrounding the work site.
● Economic
The cost and feasibility of a project. Traditional linear economy flows
through material extraction, production, sales, and waste disposal.
Sustainable practice uses a circular economy. This cycles through
reduced material extraction, sustainable production, sales, and recycling
of waste. This restarts the cycle by providing more raw material.
 SOCIO- ECONOMIC FACTORS

The prefix socio- refers to "the study of the behaviors of EDUCATION

people," including the ways they interact with one another
or their family structures. The word economic refers to
the economy, such as people's income and
finances. Socioeconomic links financial and social issues
together.These factors relate to and influence one
another.

INCOME EMPLOYMENT
INFLUENCES OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS
Socio-Economic aspects of architecture basically deals with the
social and economical considerations. Social considerations are OCCUPATION
related to the habits of the people and the various social aspects
are-
1. Density of Population – Quality of life will be affected CULTURE EDUCATION

2. Age Group – Habits vary according to the age group

INFLUENCES OF
3. Literacy Level SOCIO-
ECONOMIC
FACTORS
4. Religion – Different cultures and rituals
5. Family Status – Nuclear family / Joint Family / Marriage
DEMOGRAPHY HEALTH CARE
Status
And economic considerations are related to income generation
FAMILY
These forms the culture of society and directly or indirectly, they STRUCTURE/
effect on architecture and planning. STATUS
PARIKAMA GROUP HOUSING
Location: at sector 20,panchkula,chandigarh
Area: 26 acres
Architect: ar.Sanjay kataria
Conforming to the widely accepted norms of luxury and
splendor,parikrama offers an array of amenities that define
not only the lifestyle one aspires for but also the very essense
of comfort and grandeur.
Features:
24 towers
Mixed land-use
Planned aesthetics
18 acres of green area
The convenient shopping
The educational institution
SENSE OF COMMUNITY
• Social factors include aspects such as belongingness and community participation

• Physical factors include aspects such as community layout and design, crime rate and housing density

• while personal characteristics refer to a person‟s age, tenure type (e.g., renting or home owner), length of residence
and household income. Being a member of a community group or organisation is associated with higher levels of
sense of community

• The number of people known in the community increases sense of community

• Sense of community leads to residential satisfaction in that it encourages neighbouring relations and enhances
one‟s perception of personal and group empowerment

• Sense of community can also mediate the perception of community problems, resulting in more positive
impressions which can lead to neighbourhood stability and growth and greater satisfaction with the community
SENSE OF COMMUNITY

• Amenities are provided to bring togetherness and active

participation in residents.

• In house clubhouse offers bar lounge, banquet

hall,gym,library,conference rooms,kids play,card room,restaurant,3
swimming pools,state of art health club,steam-sauna
facilities,sports complex that provides golf putting greens,joggin,
tracks, badminton, basketball, tennis and squash courts,cricket
pitch, skating rink and sand pits for kids.
SENSE OF BELONGINGNESS
• Sense of belonging is an important element in developing and maintaining a person‟s relationship with others and
contributes to a person‟s well-being

• Social factors include aspects of participation in the community and social support

• Physical characteristics include fear of crime, housing quality, housing density and community layout and design.

• Personal characteristics refer to length of residence, marital status, gender household income

• Ex:Low and medium housing density areas experience an increased sense of belonging to a community as individuals do
not feel „lost‟ in the crowd; while increased density leads to increased loneliness and reduced sense of belonging

• Areas with a high sense of belonging have lower levels of crime regardless of socio-economic status and neighbourhood
characteristics
 Educational
institution

SAFETY & SECURITY

• Proper segregation of areas to maintain balance

between public(facilities of club house) and private
spaces(of residents).
• Segregation to ensure safety and comfort by providing
separate entrance and parking for club
• Sports complex kept at the far end of the site hidden
by towers enhancing its exclusivity for residents.
SAFETY & SECURITY

• Pedestrian safety is ensured

and the jogging tracks are
located centrally where there is
greenary.

• 24 hr security is assured.
 TYPES OF UNITS
FOR HIGH-INCOME GROUPS

UNIT AREA

1.NON AC APARTMENT-4 bhk 1850 sq.ft

2.AC APARTMENT-4BHK 2150 sq.ft

3.AC APARTMENT-5BHK 3050 sq.ft

4.AC APARTMENT-5BHK 3600 sq.ft

5.AC APARTMENT-6BHK duplex type 6000 sq.ft

6.AC APARTMENT-6BHK duplex type 6300 sq.ft

Key plans showing the towers containing units

• REFERENCES

• https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e5fb/8ece108aec36714ee413876e61b
0510e7c80.pdf

• https://theurbantwist.com/2015/07/14/neighborhood-vs-community/

• https://www.summerlake.info/the-difference-between-a-community-
and-a-neighborhood/

• https://www.slideshare.net/ankita224/aranya-low-cost-housing

• Parikrama group housing site THANK YOU