ULUL

Aristotle

Aristotle undeniably diverged from Plato in his view of what a human being most truly
and fundamentally is. ... Aristotle, for his part, insisted that the human being is a
composite of body and soul and that the soul cannot be separated from the body.

Socrates

And contrary to the opinion of the masses, one's true self, according to Socrates, is not
to be identified with what we own, with our social status, our reputation, or even with our
body. Instead, Socrates famously maintained that our true self is our soul.

Plato

Defined the soul as the core essence of a living being, but argued against its having a
separate existence. ... As the soul, in Aristotle's view, is an activity of the body, it cannot
be immortal

St. Augustine

Augustine's sense of self is his relation to God, both in his recognition of God's love and
his response to it achieved through self-presentation, then self-realization. Augustine
believed one could not achieve inner peace without finding God's love.

Rene Descartes

With his ties to dualism, Descartes believed the mind is the seat of our consciousness.
Because it houses our drives, intellect, and passions, it gives us our identity and our
sense of self. Very loud criticisms of Descartes's views are found in the works of Gilbert
Ryle. He called dualism a category mistake.

David Hume

Hume has no reason to believe in a self. Thus, his theory is the 'no-self' theory of the
self. Hume: The self is perpetually identical and omnipresent. Common perception of
the self can, in reality, be rationalized as a collection of constant, omnipresent instances
of selves.

John Locke
Depends on consciousness, not on substance" nor on the soul. ... One soul may have
various personalities. Neither is self-identity founded on the body substance, argues
Locke, as the body may change while the person remains the same.

Immanuel Kant

According to him, we all have an inner and an outer self which together form our
consciousness. ... According to Kant, representation occurs through our senses. It is
mental imagery based on past sensations and experiences.

Gilbert Ryle

Gilbert Ryle authored The Concept of Mind. Arguing that the mind does not exist and
therefore can't be the seat of self, Ryle believed that self comes from behavior. We're all
just a bundle of behaviors caused by the physical workings of the body.

Merleau Ponty

Merleau Ponty wrote Phenomenology of Perception. This work asserts that self and
perception are encompassed in a physical body. The physical body is part of self. The
perceptions of the mind and the actions of the body are interconnected.