USEFUL PLANTS AND THEIR

PRODUCTS
(FIBRE, PAPER, TIMBER AND OIL)

BY: ANOUSHKA WAJE

ARUJA TIWARY
RUNJHUN SHAH
SANISA DESHMUKH
TARA SHAH
ZOYA JHAVERI
 Acknowledgement
• We would like to thank our teacher, Rethna ma'am, for
giving us the opportunity to work on this project.
• We would also like to thank our parents who helped us
whenever needed.
 Index
• Fibre yielding plants
• Paper yielding plants
• Timber yielding plants
• Oil yielding plants
• Bibliography
 FIBRE YIELDING PLANTS
• Fibre crops are field crops grown for their fibers, which are traditionally used to
make paper, cloth, or rope. They are organized into 3 main groups—textile fibers ,
cordage fibers , and filling fibers.
• Fibre crops are characterized by having a large concentration of cellulose, which is
what gives them their strength. The fibers may be chemically modified, like in viscose
. In recent years, materials scientists have begun exploring further use of these
fibers in composite materials. Due to cellulose being the main factor of a plant fibers
strength, this is what scientists are looking to manipulate to create different types
of fibers.
• Fibre crops are generally harvestable after a single growing season, as distinct from
trees, which are typically grown for many years before being harvested for such
materials as wood pulp fibre or lacebark. In specific circumstances, fibre crops can
be superior to wood pulp fibre in terms of technical performance, environmental
impact or cost.
• Botanically, the fibres harvested from many of these plants are bast fibres; the
fibres come from the phloem tissue of the plant. The other fibre crop fibres are
hard/leaf fibres and surface fibres.
PAPER YIELDING PLANTS
• Wood pulp comes from softwood trees-spruce, pine, fir and
hemlock, and hardwood trees-eucalyptus, aspen and
birch.Certain grasses and other plants can also be used for
paper making but the pulp yield is poor. Cotton fibers are high
durability cellulose fibers.
• How is paper made?
The process begins with the raw wood, which is made up of
fibers called cellulose. To make paper from trees, the raw wood
must first be turned into pulp.
Wood pulp is a watery ‘soup’
of cellulose wood fibers,
lignin, water, and the
chemicals used during the
pulping process.
 TIMBER YIELDING PLANTS
• The wood obtained from plants is used mainly for the construction
of houses and making furniture. This wood suitable for carpentary
and building is known as timber. It is of two types, hardwood and
soft wood.
• Timber or wood is obtained from different types of trees like
teak, sissoo, sal, rose, pine, mahogany and deodar wood.
• Teak Wood: It is huge deciduous tree. It is used for boat building,
boat decks, etc. It is among the most valuable timber trees of the
world.
• Sissoo Wood: Sheesham is essentially a type of Indian Rosewood.
The trees are deciduous in nature, and the wood is a hardwood. It
is commonly used for making high quality furniture, plywoods,
bridge piles, sport goods, railway sleepers and so forth.
• Sal Wood: Sal wood is fairly hard, easily worked and durable. It is
50% harder than teak. For this it is mostly used in to produce best
quality furniture. The wood is also suitable for constructing
frames for doors and windows and is used for railway sleepers,
shipbuilding, and bridges.
• Rosewood: It is strong, tough and
close-grained. It is used for furniture of
superior quality, cabinet work, ornamental
carvings and so forth.
• Pine Wood: Pine wood is hard and tough
except white pine which is soft. It is used
for pattern making, frames for doors and
windows, and for paving material. White
pine is used in the manufacture of
matches.
• Mahogany wood: Mahogany wood is a richly
colored lumber. It is most commonly used
for furniture, pattern making and cabinet
work.
• Deodar Wood:Deodar is the most
important timber tree providing soft
wood. It is used for making cheap
furniture, railway carriages, railway
sleepers, packing boxes, structural work
and so forth.
 OIL YIELDING PLANTS
• Plants produce a variety of oils that are used in cooking, in perfumery and petrochemical
industries.Some oil yielding plants include- mustard, coconut, ground nut, sesame and
sunflower.
• There are three main ways to extract oils from the seed/nut/plant etc. Cold pressed,
expeller pressed, and solvent extraction. The first two involve a machine that mechanically
presses down to get the oil out. The last one involves a chemical to help extract as much as
the oil from the plant as possible.
• Expeller pressed means that the oils were extracted from the plant using a chemical-free
mechanical process. The harder the nut or the seed that you are extracting from, the more
pressure that needs to be applied. This results in more friction and higher heat.
• Cold pressed, which is the method usually used for delicate oils, means that they are expeller
pressed, but in a heat-controlled environment.  The temperature is kept below 120-122
degrees F.
• Solvent extraction is the method used in pretty much all conventional oils. This method uses
solvent extracts to get the oils out of the plant which not only produces higher yield, but it’s
less expensive than expeller and cold pressed methods, and it’s quick.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

• https://www.wikipedia.org/
• http://www.biologydiscussion.com/economic-botany
• https://www.britannica.com
• https://www.simplififabric.com
• https://www.quinnsnacks.com
• Google Images
• Science Vision 8