Geotechnical Mitigation Measures

Spar Geo Infra, Geotechnical Engineering refers to branch of civil engineering which includes
the analysis and design and construction of subsoil structure, foundations, tunnels, offshore
structures, earthen embankments. In addition, it includes the analysis and providing effective
mitigation solution for soil/rock slopes.
Spar Geo Infra Pvt. Ltd, is comprehensive solution provider in the field of geotechnical
engineering projects complexities. Being specialized in design and execution of slope stabilization
and ground improvement works for critical problems like Landslide, Shooting stones, Debris flow,
Avalanches, Ground-sinking, we have done prestigious projects.
Spar Geo Infra Services:-
Slope Stabilization- Through anchorage, High tensile wire mesh system, Shotcrete; Rock fall
Protection- Using Rock fall barriers, Debris flow barriers; Foundation engineering- Micropile,
Sheet pile, Contiguous and Secant pile; Ground Improvement- Using TAM (Tube‐A‐
Machete) grouting, Rock fissure grouting, Compaction grouting, Jet grouting, Cavity grouting,
Stone column and Soil replacement, densification techniques.
Slope Stabilization Mitigation Measures: - Slope mitigation is not a one-size-fits-all task. Slope
stabilization is attained through various techniques; like by improving the drainage system by
installing surface (erosion control) and subsurface (horizontal and vertical) drainage system,
vegetative cover (increase lateral soil shear strength and cohesion during saturated conditions by
forming complex root system with in the soil block).

Fig 1: Surface erosion control systems using hydro- seeding, erosion control mat, geo cells
Soil Nailing (SDA- Self drilling anchors) and ground anchors provides overall/ global stability
to the slope. The permanent grouted anchors have been extensively used to provide vertical and
lateral support for natural and engineered structures. The grouted end type of anchorage, where
the tendon is grouted below the potential slip surface, has been used to stabilize dangerous slopes
to a specified safety factor because of its significant technical advantages resulting in substantial
cost savings and reduced construction period.
HT wire mesh system provides local stability by restricting the particles in its position. High
tensile wire mesh system used for stabilizing slopes by pinning them with a combination of rock
or soil anchors, as well as installed as a drape to control erosion. HT wire mesh system in
combination with SDA proves to be economical engineered solution as original slope profile is
maintained, appears good from aesthetic view point due to re-vegetation cover is possible.
Fig 2: Typical pattern of self-drill anchors with HT wire mesh system (left), Ground anchor and
cladding wall system (middle), Mechanism for cable anchors (right)
Shotcrete is an all-inclusive term to describe the spraying of concrete or mortar either by a dry-
or a wet-mix process which is commonly used to provide surface reinforcement between blocks
of rock and also to reduce weathering and surface scaling.
Spar Geo Infra Rock fall barriers Solutions Provide are used to catch/hold at its position so as
to protect roadside and infrastructure. Installing rock fall barrier system holds better where it is
difficult to use other systems as defined above. The barrier can resist higher load compared to rigid
concrete retaining wall. Different ranges of rock falls barriers are available as per kinetic energy
that is impacting the barrier (500 kJ-5000kJ). Optimum location and height of post is decided based
on trajectories.

Fig 3: Flexible rock fall protection barrier with components details

Mechanically stabilized earth embankments are system for constructing fills at very steep to
vertical angles without the use of supporting structures at the face of the fill. The system uses
horizontal layers of flexible metal strips within the fill to form a composite earth-metal system
with high strength.
Micropiles are small diameter drilled and grouted friction piles comprising steel elements in each
pile that are bonded into the bearing soil or rock usually with cement grout. The bearing stratum
is logged during installation drilling to assure that bearing capacity is adequate. Micropiles do not
rely on end-bearing capacity, so there is no need to establish the competency of rock beyond bond-
depth.
 Fig 4: Series of pile system to control the movement of unstable mass

Ground improvement techniques: - It includes (a) Tube-A-Manchette grouting, in which holes

are drilled around the circumference at equal intervals and each hole is covered by a rubber sleeve
which allows only one way (outward) movement of grout. (b) Rock fissure grouting for sealing
the fissures in the rock zone (c) Compaction grouting (low mobility grouting) that displaces and
densities loose granular soils, reinforces soils and stabilizes subsurface voids or sinkholes. (d) Jet
grouting (high velocity fluid jets) is a grouting technique that creates in situ geometries of soil
Crete, using a grouting monitor attached to the end of a drill stem.

Fig 5: TAM grouting process (left), TAM grouting followed by (1) Drilling at required depth (2)
Installation of TAM (3) Sleeve grouting (4) TAM grouting at desired zone