TABLE OF CONTENTS

I.FUNCTION
I.FUNCTIONS
LESSON 1:FUNCTIONS
Lesson1: Function…………………………………………………………….2
RELATION:
Lesson 2: Piece Wise function……………………………………………3
-A relation is a relationship between sets of values. In math, the relation is between the x-
Lesson 3: Evaluating function…………………………………………….4
values and y-values of ordered pairs. The set of all x-values is called the domain, and the set
Lesson 4: Operations on function……………………………………….5 of all y-values is called the range.

Lesson 5:Composite function……………………………………………..6 Function:

II.RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
Lesson 6:Rational function……………………………………...7
Lesson 7:Rational Equation…………………………………….8
-A function is a relation where each elements in the domain is related to only one value in the range
by some rule.
Examples:
1.)In our first example, our task is to create a list of ordered pairs from the set of domain
and range values provided.

Lesson 8:Rational Inequality…………………………………..9

DOMAIN={3,8,15,21}
III.INVERSE OF FUNCTION
RANGE={-11,-7,0,10,12}
Lesson 9:Getting the inverse of function…………………10
2.) Example:

Determine whether the following are functions

IV.Exponential Expression
Lesson 10:Exponential Equations…………………………….11
Lesson 11:Exponential Inequality…………………………….12
Lesson 12:Exponential Functions…………………………….13
a) A = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)}
b) B = {(1, 3), (0, 3), (2, 1), (4, 2)}
c) C = {(1, 6), (2, 5), (1, 9), (4, 3)}
Solution:
a) A = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)} is a function because all the first elements are different.
b) B = {(1, 3), (0, 3), (2, 1), (4, 2)} is a function because all the first elements are different. 6.) Is {(3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 6), . . .} a relation?
(The second element does not need to be unique)
7.) Is {(1, 2), (2, 5, 17), (4, 5)} a relation?
c) C = {(1, 6), (2, 5), (1, 9), (4, 3)} is not a function because the first element, 1, is repeated.
8.) Is {(1, 1)} a relation?
9.) Is the following relation a function? If not, why?
Exercises:
{(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3)}?
Identify if it is RELATION or FUNCTION.
10.) Is the following relation a function? If not, why?
1.)
y = 3x2 + 4

LESSON 2:PIECE-WISE FUNCTION:

2.) -A piece-wise function is a function which consists of two or more

function in a specified domain.
Examples:
Evaluate f(x) when x = -3, x = 2, and x = 4. Then graph f(x).

3.)

Evaluating a piecewise function adds an extra step to the whole proceedings. We have to decide which piece of
the function to plug-and-chug into. Since -3 is less than 2, we use the first function to evaluate x = -3.

f(x) = x + 1

4.) f(-3) = -3 + 1 = -2

The number 2 is our boundary between life, death, and the two pieces of our function. Tie-breakers go to the
second function, though. f(x) = -2x + 7

f(2) = -2(2) + 7 = 3

The second function continues to be used, from 2 onward to infinity—and beyond, according to some space-
faring toys.
5.)
f(x) = -2x + 7

f(4) = -2(4) + 7 = -1
Now,to graph the function. Answer: f(5) = 14
To the left of x = 2, f(x) = x + 1. The graph will go right up to, but not touch, f(2) = 2 + 1 = 3.
Example 2.f(x) = 1 − x + x2
Then f(x) = -2x + 7 to the right of and including x= 2. We can also use the points we
evaluated as guides.
Important! The "x" is just a place-holder! And "f" is just a name.

These are all the same function:

f(x) = 1 − x + x2

f(q) = 1 − q + q2

w(A) = 1 − A + A2

pumpkin(θ) = 1 − θ + θ2

Example 3: h(x) = 3x2 + ax − 1

Exercises:
Draw a graph of each of these piecewise functions.  You are told that h(3) = 8, can you work out what "a" is?

First, evaluate h(3):h( 3 ) = 3×( 3 )2 + a× 3 − 1

1.
Simplify:h(3) = 27 + 3a − 1
2. h(3) = 26 + 3a
Now ... we know that h(3) = 8, so:8 = 26 + 3a
Swap sides:26 + 3a = 8
3. Subtract 26 from both sides:3a = −18

Divide by 3:a = −6Check: h(3) = 3(3)2 − 6×3 − 1 = 27 − 18 − 1 = 8

LESSON 3:EVALUATIONING FUNCTION

Exercises:
-To evaluate a function is to:
Evaluate the following function
Replace(Subtitute)its variable with a given number or expression.
1.)f(x+1)=3x-5 6.)f(3)=√x-3
Example 1:
2.)f(3x)=3x-5 7.) f(x-3)=√x-3
evaluate the function f(x) = 2x+4 for x=5
3.)f(x)=4/x 8.)f(1/1-x)=√x-3
Just replace the variable "x" with "5":
4.)f(√2)=4/x 9.)f(1/2)=2x+1
f( 5 ) = 2× 5 + 4 = 14
5.)f(1/x)=4/x 10.)f(1/2)=x2-2x=2
LESSON 4:OPERATIONS ON FUNCTION  =6x−8g(f(x))=f(3x+1)                   

 =2(3x+1)−3                   
-Functions with overlapping domains can be added, subtracted, multiplied and
divided. If f(x)f(x) and g(x)g(x) are two functions, then for all in the domain of both  =6x−1
functions the sum, difference, product and quotient are defined as follows.
Since 6x−8≠2x−1,  f(g(x))≠g(f(x))6x−8≠2x−1,  f(g(x))≠g(f(x)) .
▪Their sum,denoted by f+g is defined by(f+g)(x)=f(x)+g(x)
Exercises:
▪Their difference,denoted by f-g,is defined by (f-g)(x)=f(x)-g(x)
▪f(x)=x+3 ▪g(x)=x22x-8
▪Their product,denoted by f.g,is the function defined by (f-g)(x)=f(x).g(x)
▪p(x)=2x-7 ▪h(x)=x+7/2-x
▪Their quetiont,denoted by f/g,is the finction defined by (f/g)(x)=f(x)/g(x) excluding the value
of x where g(x)=0 ▪v(x)=x2+5x+4 ▪t(x)=x-2/x+3

Example 1: Let f(x)=x2f(x)=x2 and g(x)=x−3g(x)=x−3 . Find f(g(x))f(g(x)) . Determine the following functions.

f(g(x))=f(x−3)                     1.)(v+g)(x) 4.)(p-f)(x)

=(x−3)2                    2.)(f+g)(x) 5.)(v-g)(x)

 =x2−6x+9 3.)(f+h)(x) 6.)(t+p)(x)

Example 2: Let f(x)=2x−1f(x)=2x−1 and g(x)=x+2g(x)=x+2 . Find f(g(x))f(g(x)) .

f(g(x))=f(x+2)                     LESSON 5:COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS

=2(x+2)−1                     -A composite function is formed when the output of the first function becomes the input of
the second function.
=2x+3
Example 1:
Example 3: Let f(x)=3x+1f(x)=3x+1 and g(x)=2x−3g(x)=2x−3 .

Find f(g(x))f(g(x)) and g(f(x))g(f(x)) . Let f(x) = x + 5 and let g(x) = x2

f(g(x))=f(2x−3)                   
Find g ∘ f and f ∘ g
 =3(2x−3)+1                   
To find g ∘ f, we need to let x be the input of f.
 =6x−8g(f(x))=f(3x+1)                    g ∘ f(x) = g(f(x)) = g(x + 5)
Now this is when it is tricky! g(x) = x2
 =2(3x+1)−3                   Notice that after we do the composition of functions g and f, x is replaced with x + 5 in g(x). We need
to do the same thing with x2 and replace x with x + 5
  =6x−1f(g(x))=f(2x−3)                     g(f(x)) = g(x + 5) = (x + 5)2
= x2 + 5x + 5x + 25
=3(2x−3)+1                   
 II.RATIONAL FUNCTION
= x2 + 10x + 25To find f ∘ g, we need to let x be the input of g.
f ∘ g(x) = f(g(x)) = f(x2)
f(x) = x + 5
Notice that after we do the composition of functions f and g, x is replaced with x2 in f(x). We need to do the same
thing with x + 5 and replace x with x2
LESSON 6:RATIONAL FUNCTION
f(g(x)) = f(x2) = x2 + 5
-A rational function is a function that is a fraction and has the property that both its
numerator and denominator are polynomials.
Example 2:Given f(x) = x2 + 6 and g(x) = 2x – 1, find
Example 1:
(x)=3x+6x−1f(x)=3x+6x−1
a.(f ο g)(x)
So, we’ll start off with the intercepts. The yy-intercept
Solution: is,f(0)=6−1=−6⇒(0,−6)f(0)=6−1=−6⇒(0,−6)
a)(f ο g)(x) The xx-intercepts will be,
= f(2x – 1)
= (2x – 1)2 + 6 3x+6=0x=−2⇒(−2,0)3x+6=0x=−2⇒(−2,0)
= 4x2 – 4x + 1 + 6
Now, we need to determine the asymptotes. Let’s first find the vertical asymptotes.
= 4x2 – 4x + 7
x−1=0⇒x=1x−1=0⇒x=1
Example 3:
So, we’ve got one vertical asymptote. This means that there are now two regions of xx’s.
b)(g ο f)(x)
They are x<1x<1 and x>1x>1.
Solution:
Now, the largest exponent in the numerator and denominator is 1 and so by the fact there
b) (g ο f)(x) will be a horizontal asymptote at the line.
= g(x2 + 6)
y=31=3y=31=3
= 2(x2 + 6) – 1
= 2x2 + 12 – 1
= 2x2 + 11 Example 2: f(x)=9x2−9
Exercises:
Okay, we’ll start with the intercepts. The yy-intercept is,
Be sure to take all the right steps: define the scenario, define your variables clearly, and then
show the functions that relate the variables.
f(0)=9−9=−1⇒(0,−1)f(0)=9−9=−1⇒(0,−1)
f(x)=√x+2.g(x)=x2+x
The numerator is a constant and so there won’t be any xx-intercepts since the function can
a.f(7) d.f(f(x)) never be zero.
b.g(7) e.g(f(x)) Next, we’ll have vertical asymptotes at,
c.f(g(x)) f.f(g(3))
x2−9=0⇒x=±3x2−9=0⇒x=±3 f(1)=1(1,1)f(3)=−53(3,−53)f(5)=215(5,215)

So, in this case we’ll have three regions to our graph : x<−3x<−3, −3<x<3−3<x<3, x>3x>3.
Exercises:
Also, the largest exponent in the denominator is 2 and since there are no xx’s in the
numerator the largest exponent is 0, so by the fact the xx-axis will be the horizontal Find all asymptotes for the given functions.
asymptote.
2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥
1.) 𝑔(𝑥) =
Finally, we need some points. We’ll use the following points here. 3𝑥 2 −48

5𝑥 4
f(−4)=97(−4,97)f(−2)=−95(−2,−95)f(2)=−95(2,−95)f(4)=97(4,97) 2.) R(x) = 2𝑥2 =3𝑥−2
Example 3: 3𝑥
3.) F(x) = 2
𝑥 4+2𝑥 +1
f(x)=x2−4x2−4x

This time notice that if we were to plug in x=0x=0 into the denominator we would get
division by zero. This means there will not be a yy-intercept for this graph. We have
however, managed to find a vertical asymptote already.
LESSON 7:RATIONAL EQUATION
Now, let’s see if we’ve got xx-intercepts.
-A rational equation is an equation containing at least one rational expression. Rational
x2−4=0⇒x=±2x2−4=0⇒x=±2 expressions typically contain a variable in the denominator.

So, we’ve got two of them.

Example 1: Solve: 5x−13=1x.
We’ve got one vertical asymptote, but there may be more so let’s go through the process
and see.
Solution: We first make a note that x≠0 and then multiply both sides by the LCD, 3x:
x2−4x=x(x−4)=0⇒x=0,x=4x2−4x=x(x−4)=0⇒x=0,x=4

So, we’ve got two again and the three regions that we’ve got
are x<0x<0, 0<x<40<x<4 and x>4x>4.

Next, the largest exponent in both the numerator and denominator is 2 so by the fact there
will be a horizontal asymptote at the line,

y=11=1y=11=1

Now, one of the xx-intercepts is in the far left region so we don’t need any points there. The
Check your answer by substituting 12 for x to see if you obtain a true stateme
other xx-intercept is in the middle region. So, we’ll need a point in the far right region and as
noted in the previous example we will want to get a couple more points in the middle region
to completely determine its behavior.
 Check to see if these values solve the original equation.

Example 2: Solve: 2−1x(x+1)=3x+1. Example 3: Solve: xx+2+2x2+5x+6=5x+3

Solution: In this example, there are two Solution:

restrictions, x≠0 and x≠−1.
Step 1: Factor all denominators and determine the LCD.
Begin by multiplyin both sides by the LCD, x(x+1).

After distributing and dividing out the common factors, a

quadratic equation remains. To solve it, rewrite it in The LCD is (x+2)(x+3).
standard form, factor, and then set each factor equal to 0. Step 2: Identify the restrictions. In this case, they
are x≠−2 and x≠−3.

Step 3: Multiply both sides of the equation by the LCD.

Distribute carefully and then simplify.
Step 4: Solve the resulting equation. Here the result is a
quadratic equation. Rewrite it in standard form, factor, Exercises:
and then set each factor equal to o. Determine whether the given is a relation function,a rational
equation,a rational inequality or none of these.
2+𝑥
1. =8
𝑥−1

2.)x>√x+2
𝑥+3
3.)f(x)=6-
𝑥 2 −5
7
4.)2x≥
𝑥+4
𝑥 4
5.) =
Step 5: Check for extraneous solutions. Always 2 𝑥+9𝑥 3

substitute into the original equation, or the factored

equivalent. In this case, choose the factored equivalent to
check:
LESSON 8: RATIONAL INEQUALITY:

. An inequality is just a type of relation, which means we can

graph it like we would graph any relation. The trick with
inequalities is that.insted of drawing lines to connect the
dots,we have to shade in big areas of the graph.
Example 1: Graph the inequality y + 3 ≤ 2x.
The first thing we do is graph the line
y + 3 = 2x
which is also known as the line
y = 2x – 3.

When an inequality is strict (like, with a "<" or ">" symbol instead of "≤" or "≥"),
we do the same thing as above except that now we don't want to include the
points on the line. In fact, we don't want to do anything that might upset it,
considering how strict it is. We are so over being grounded.
To show that we aren't including the points on the line, we draw a dashed line
Then we need to figure out which side of the line we want to be on. We can
instead of a solid line. For example, if we wanted to graph y + 3 < 2xinstead
do that by picking a point on one side of the line, and seeing whether or not
of y + 3 ≤ 2x, we'd use the exact same graph as above, except we'd draw a
that point satisfies the inequality, i.e. whether that point is in the relation. Let's
dashed line and shade everything underneath it.
pick an easy point, like (1, 4). Sorry to refer to him as easy, but it's true. He's
an undeniably gullible pushover. Example 2:
When x = 1 and y = 4, our original inequality becomes:
4 + 3 ≤ 2(1)
7≤2
That's definitely not true—7 sure isn't smaller than 2—so this point
does notsatisfy the inequality. That means we shade in the other side of the
graph:
 Step 4: Perform the sign analysis. To do the sign analysis, pick one number
from each of the sections created in Step 3 and plug that number into the
polynomial to determine the sign of the resulting answer. In this case, you
Example 3: can choose x = –4 which results in +0.2, x = 0 which results in –3, and x = 2
which results in +5.

Graph:Graph:
Step 1: Write the inequality in the correct form. One side must be zero and
the other side can have only one fraction, so simplify the fractions if there
is more than one fraction.
Step 5: Use the sign analysis chart to determine which sections satisfy the
inequality. In this case, we have greater than or equal to zero, so we want
all of the positive sections. Notice that x ≠ 1 because it would make the
original problem undefined, so you must use an open circle at x = 1 instead
of a closed circle to draw the graph.

Step 2: Find the key or critical

values. To find the key/critical Step 6: Use interval notation to write the final answer.
values, set the numerator and
denominator of the fraction
equal to zero and solve.
Step 3: Make a sign analysis chart. To make a sign analysis chart, use the
key/critical values found in Step 2 to divide the number line into sections.
 4.) Solve:

Exercises:
Write the Interval notation and Set notation of the 5.)Solve:
following graph.
1.) ●
0 III.INVERSE OF FUNCTIONS
2.) ○ ●
LESSON 9:GETTING THE INVERSE OF FUNCTIONS
-1 5
-An inverse function is a function that undoes the action of the another function. A
function gg is the inverse of a function ff if whenever y=f(x)y=f(x) then x=g(y)x=g(y). In other
3.) ○ words, applying ff and then gg is the same thing as doing nothing. We can write this in terms
of the composition of ff and gg as g(f(x))=xg(f(x))=x.
-2
Examples 1:
4.) ● ●
3𝑥 3 −7 3𝑦 3 −7
-2 2 f(x)=
4
+ 5 Swap x and y x-5=
4
+ 5
5.) ● 3𝑦 3 −7
Replace of f(x) with y x= +5 4x-20=3y
6 4

3𝑥 3 −7
y= + 5 Isolate for y
4
SOLVING THE RATIONAL INEQUALITY
Example 2:

1.)

2.) Solve:

3.) Solve:
 4−𝑥
2.) g(x)= 𝑥
5.) g(x) = − 10x + 5
4 𝑥−5
Example 3: f(x)= f(x)=
𝑥 10
−𝑥−1
3.) f(x)= 𝑥−2
−2𝑥+1
g(x)=
−𝑥−1

IV.EXPONENTIAL EXPRESSION
LESSON 10:EXPONENTIAL EQUATIONS

Exercises:
FIND THE INVERSE OF THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS
4𝑥−3
1.) f(x)= 5 EXPONENTIAL EXPRESSION
2.) f(x)=2x-1 -A mathematical expression consisting of a constant raised to some power.
3.) f(x)=x2+2 Definition
4.) f(x)=3x+1 -An exponential expression is an expression of the form a,bx-c f,d where b<0,b≠1
2𝑥+1
5.) f(x)=3𝑥−4 EXPONENTIAL EQUATION

-An equation involving exponential expression.

State if the given functions are inverse (YES or NO)
Example 1:
−2−2𝑥
1.) g(x) = − x 5 – 3 4.) h(x)= 𝑥
Example 2:
5 −2
f(x)= √−𝑥 − 3 f(x)=𝑥+2
 1)(0.25)-x ≤ (0.0625)2x

(.25)-x ≤ (.252)2x checking:

-x ≤ 2(2x) (0.25)-x≤(0.0625)2x

-x ≤ 4x+x (.252)-0 ≤(.252)2(0)

0 5𝑥
≤
5 5

Example 3: x≥0 0.25≤0.25

EXERCISES:

SOLVE FOR THE

1.)

2.)

Exercises:

SOLVE IN REAL NUMBERS

1.)

2.)

3.)

LESSON 11:EXPONENTIAL INEQUALITY

-An inequality involving exponential expression.

Example 1: