Results:

Demographic and clinical characteristics data:

N (72) %
Sex Males 47 65.3
Females 25 34.7
Cause of ICU PO 49 66.1
admission Trauma 23 31.9
Conscious level Conscious 38 52.8
(D 1, 3 & 5) DCL 34 47.2
Organism Gram negative bacilli 5 6.9
Gram positive cocci 3 4.2
Klebsiella 23 31.9
Mixed gram negative 21 29.2
Pseudomonas 3 4.2
Staph aureus 17 23.6
Ab treatment Ceftriaxone 8 11.1
Levofloxacine 14 19.4
Meopenem 17 23.6
Tinem- levofloxacin 8 11.1
Tinem-linezolid 3 4.2
Tinem-vancomycin 11 15.3
Vancomycin-levofloxacin 11 15.3

Ultra-sonographic & X-ray findings

N (72) %
LUS profile D1 Positive 61 84.7
Negative 11 15.3
LUS profile D3 Positive 64 88.9
Negative 8 11.1
LUS profile D5 Positive 66 91.7
Negative 6 8.3
Chest X-ray D1 Positive 21 29.2
Negative 51 70.8
Chest X-ray D3 Positive 39 54.2
Negative 33 45.8
Chest X-ray D5 Positive 50 69.4
Negative 22 30.6

100%
90%

88.90%

91.70%
80%
84.70%

70%

69.40%
60% US
50%

54.20%
X-ray
40%
30%
29.20%

20%
10%
0%
Day 1 Day 3 Day 5

Day of pneumonia diagnosis: (No. of cases diagnosed each day)

N (72) %
US Negative 6 8.3
D1 61 84.7
D3 3 4.2
D5 2 2.8
X-ray Negative 24 33.3
D1 21 29.2
D3 16 22.2
D5 11 15.3

Pneumonia Scoring
N (48) %
Mild 9 18.7
Moderate 17 35.4
Severe 22 45.9
Descriptive statistics
Mean ± SD Range
Age 48.52 ± 15.97 20-70
TLC 1 17,148.8 ± 7,177.95 6,800-34,970
TLC 3 17,655.5 ± 5,699.29 8,200-28,100
TLC 5 18,537 ± 7,976 1,800-30,000
CRP 1 64.48 ± 81.97 0-325
CRP 3 84.71 ± 57.92 0-195
CRP 5 157.51 ± 109.79 0-350
PF 1 269.29 ± 192.73 71-785
PF 3 198.76 ± 15.45 56-638
PF 5 183.97 ± 163.2 60-642

Comparison between different SMARTCOP scores regarding

their LUS profile findings:
LUS profile D1 χ2
Positive Negative P value
Pneumonia Negative (24) 18 (75%) 6 (25%) 4.678
scoring Mild (9) 9 (100%) 0
Moderate (17) 16 (94.1%) 1 (5.9%) 0.197
Severe (22) 18 (81.8%) 4 (18.2%)

LUS profile D3 χ2
Positive Negative P value
Pneumonia Negative (24) 19 (79.2%) 5 (20.8%) 3.983
scoring Mild (9) 9 (100%) 0
Moderate (17) 16 (94.1%) 1 (5.9%) 0.263
Severe (22) 20 (90.9%) 2 (9.1%)
 LUS profile D5 χ2
Positive Negative P value
Pneumonia Negative (24) 23 (95.8%) 1 (4.2%) 4.291
scoring Mild (9) 9 (100%) 0
Moderate (17) 16 (94.1%) 1 (5.9%) 0.232
Severe (22) 18 (81.8%) 4 (18.2%)

Comparison between different SMARTCOP scores regarding

their chest x-ray findings:
Chest X-ray D1 χ2
Positive Negative P value
Pneumonia Negative (24) 0 24 (100%) 37.038
scoring Mild (9) 1 (11.1%) 8 (88.9%)
Moderate (17) 3 (17.6%) 14 (82.4%) 0.0001*
Severe (22) 17 (77.3%) 5 (22.7%)

Chest X-ray D3 χ2
Positive Negative P value
Pneumonia Negative (24) 4 (16.7%) 20 (83.3%) 23.548
scoring Mild (9) 5 (55.6%) 4 (44.4%)
Moderate (17) 11 (64.7%) 6 (35.3%) 0.0001*
Severe (22) 19 (86.4%) 3 (13.6%)

Sensitivity of the SMARTCOP score

Chest X-ray D5 χ2
Positive Negative P value
Pneumonia Negative (24) 5 (20.8%) 19 (79.2%) 40.222
scoring Mild (9) 8 (88.9%) 1 (11.1%)
Moderate (17) 16 (94.1%) 1 (5.9%) 0.0001*
Severe (22) 21 (95.5%) 1 (4.5%)
 Day 1 findings

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Negative Mild Moderate Severe
US 75% 100% 94.10% 81.80%
X-ray 0 11.10% 17.60% 77.30%

Day 3 findings

100.00%
90.00%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Negative Mild Moderate Severe
US 79.20% 100% 94.10% 90.90%
X-ray 16.70% 55.60% 64.70% 86.40%

Day 5 findings

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%
Negative Mild Moderate Severe
US 95.80% 100% 94.10% 81.80%
X-ray 20.80% 88.90% 94.10% 95.50%
Sensitivity of the LUS profile D 1
Chest X-ray D5 χ2
Positive Negative P value
LUS Positive (61) 44 (72.1%) 17 (27.9%) 1.358
profile D 1 Negative (11) 6 (54.5%) 5 (45.5%) 0.293

Sensitivity of the LUS profile D 3

Chest X-ray D5 χ2
Positive Negative P value
LUS Positive (64) 47 (73.4%) 17 (26.6%) 4.328
profile D 3 Negative (8) 3 (37.5%) 5 (62.5%) 0.051

Sensitivity of the LUS profile D 5

Chest X-ray D5 χ2
Positive Negative P value
LUS Positive (66) 45 (68.2%) 21(31.8%) 0.595
profile D 5 Negative (6) 5 (83.3%) 1 (16.7%) 0.66

Comparison between the sensitivities of both investigations:

% of Positive results Z score
LUS D1 Chest X- P value
ray D1
Pneumonia Mild (9) 9/9 1/9 3.794
scoring (100%) (11.1%) 0.0001*
Moderate 16/17 3/17 4.49
(17) (94.1%) (17.6%) 0.00001*
Severe (22) 18/22 17/22 0.3737
(81.8%) (77.3%) 0.71138
 % of Positive results Z score
LUS D3 Chest X- P value
ray D3
Pneumonia Mild (9) 9/9 5/9 2.267
scoring (100%) (55.6%) 0.023*
Moderate 16/17 11/17 2.12
(17) (94.1%) (64.7%) 0.034*
Severe (22) 20/22 19/22 0.475
(90.9%) (86.4%) 0.631

% of Positive results Z score

LUS D5 Chest X- P value
ray D5
Pneumonia Mild (9) 9/9 8/9 1.029
scoring (100%) (88.9%) 0.303
Moderate 16/17 16/17 0
(17) (94.1%) (94.1%) 1
Severe (22) 18/22 21/22 -1.425
(81.8%) (95.5%) 0.153

Mean of TLC, CRP and PF in different stages of pneumonia

Variable Mild P. Moderate P. Severe P. P value
(9) (17) (22)
TLC D1 165000 ± 15488.2 ± 16359 ±
0.843
6209.5 3511 5809.1
TLC D3 170333.3 ± 16341.2 ± 17822.7 ± 0.732
7993.6 4106.3 5919.2
TLC D5 17744.4 ± 14188.2 ± 18736.2 ± 0.212
7822.9 9070.3 7141.1
CRP D1 69.8 ±56.1 81.3 ± 97.4 79.9 ± 90.7 0.946
CRP D3 100.6 ± 55.2 88.1 ± 75 82.3 ± 51.7 0.755
CRP D5 172.6 ± 93.8 138.6 ± 115.2 142.7 ± 102.1 0.717
PF D1 298.9 ± 277 200.4 ± 101.8 140 ± 55.1 0.006*
(between the
mild and
severe
pneumonias)
 PF D3 166.2 ± 64.2 227.9 ± 173.8 130.4 ± 41 0.032*
(between the
moderate
and severe
pneumonias)
PF D5 147.7 ± 100.7 245.7 ± 180 117.7 ± 81.6 0.012*
(between the
moderate and
severe
pneumonias)

The relation between US findings and different investigations

in moderate pneumonia
LUS profile1 Mean ± SD t
p value
TLC 1 Positive (16) 15462.5 ± 3624.5 -0.117
Negative (1) 15900 0.908
CRP 1 positive 86.38 ± 98.2 0.853
negative 0 0.407
PF 1 positive 200.4 ± 105 0.003
negative 200 0.997

LUS profile 3 Mean ± SD t

p value
TLC 3 Positive (16) 16487.5 ± 4194.9 0.575
Negative (1) 14000 0.574
CRP 3 positive 93.6 ± 73.8 1.231
negative 0 0.237
PF 3 positive 228.1 ± 179.5 0.017
negative 225 0.987
 LUS profile 5 Mean ± SD t
p value
TLC 5 Positive (16) 14450 ± 9301.2 0.464
Negative (1) 10000 0.649
CRP 5 positive 147.3 ± 113 1.264
negative 0 0.226
PF 5 positive 240.3 ± 184.4 -0.488
negative 333 0.633

The relation between US findings and different investigations

in severe pneumonia
LUS profile1 Mean ± SD t
p value
TLC 1 Positive (18) 16227.8 ± 6428.5 -0.22
Negative (4) 16950 ± 1212.4 0.828
CRP 1 positive 92.1 ± 95.7 1.366
negative 25 ± 28.9 0.187
PF 1 positive 135.3 ± 57.2 0.836
negative 161 ± 45 0.413

LUS profile 3 Mean ± SD t

p value
TLC 3 Positive (20) 17905 ± 6140 0.201
Negative (2) 17000 ± 4242.5 0.842
CRP 3 positive 87.4 ± 93.2 1.5
negative 25 ± 35 0.149
PF 3 positive 125.7 ± 36.9 -1.794
negative 177.5 ± 67.2 0.088
 LUS profile 5 Mean ± SD t
p value
TLC 5 Positive (18) 19122.2 ± 7113.2 0.528
Negative (4) 17000 ± 8082.9 0.603
CRP 5 positive 162.9 ± 99.3 2.123
negative 52 ± 60 0.04*
PF 5 positive 98.2 ± 46.8 -2.716
negative 205.5 ± 147.2 0.013*
The relation between chest xray findings and different
investigations in mild pneumonia

Chest x-ray D1 Mean ± SD t

p value
TLC 1 Positive (1) 165000 0
Negative (8) 165000 ± 6638.2 1
CRP 1 positive 0 -1.393
negative 78.5 ± 53.3 0.206
PF 1 positive 785 3.565
negative 238 ± 144.6 0.009*

Chest x-ray D 3 Mean ± SD t

p value
TLC 3 Positive (5) 18200 ± 7958.3 0.081
Negative (4) 15575 ± 8991.2 0.936
CRP 3 positive 97.4 ± 72.7 0.596
negative 104.5 ± 32.1 0.557
PF 3 positive 188 ± 81 -0.858
negative 139 ± 22.1 0.4

Chest x-ray D 5 Mean ± SD t

p value
TLC 5 Positive (8) 17712.5 ± 8362.4 -1.026
Negative (1) 18000 0.317
CRP 5 positive 158.1 ± 89 -1.107
negative 288 0.281
PF 5 positive 158.4 ± 102 -1.108
negative 62 0.28
The relation between US findings and different investigations
in moderate pneumonia
Chest x-ray D 1 Mean ± SD t
p value
TLC 1 Positive (3) 14666.7 ± 5773.5 -0.435
Negative (14) 15664.3 ± 3193.2 0.670
CRP 1 positive 143 ± 157.6 1.229
negative 68.1 ± 82.3 0.238
PF 1 positive 172.7 ± 73.9 -0.507
negative 206.3 ± 108.2 0.62

Chest x-ray D 3 Mean ± SD t

p value
TLC 3 Positive (11) 16127.3 ± 4454.2 -0.282
Negative (6) 16733.3 ± 3740.4 0.782
CRP 3 Positive 94.7 ± 82.4 0.48
Negative 50.3 ± 42.8 0.638
PF 3 Positive 247.8 ± 211.3 0.628
Negative 191.3 ± 69.9 0.539

Chest x-ray D 5 Mean ± SD t

p value
TLC 5 Positive (16) 14143.8 ± 9365.8 0.078
Negative (1) 14900 0.939
CRP 5 positive 114.2 ± 116.6 0.784
negative 50 0.445
PF 5 positive 248.6 ± 185.5 0.254
negative 200 0.803
The relation between US findings and different investigations
in severe pneumonia
Chest x-ray D 1 Mean ± SD t
p value
TLC 1 Positive (17) 17735.3 ± 5518 2.235
Negative (5) 11680 ± 4466.8 0.037*
CRP 1 positive 63.4 ± 75.2 -1.641
negative 136.2 ± 124.3 0.116
PF 1 positive 143.6 ± 49.4 0.563
negative 127.6 ± 77.1 0.088

Chest x-ray D 3 Mean ± SD t

p value
TLC 3 Positive (19) 19063.8 ± 5312.3 2.783
Negative (3) 10133.3 ± 3348.6 0.011*
CRP 3 positive 78.4 ± 51.3 -0.887
negative 107 ± 57.2 0.386
PF 3 positive 131.9 ± 43.7 0.433
negative 120.7 ± 16.7 0.67

Chest x-ray D 5 Mean ± SD t

p value
TLC 5 Positive (21) 19333.3 ± 6731.5 1.906
Negative (1) 6200 0.071
CRP 5 positive 141.5 ± 104 -0.258
negative 169 0.799
PF 5 positive 119.6 ± 83.2 0.488
negative 78 0.640
Change in TLC of all cases on follow up:

Mean difference t p value

TLC 1 & TLC 3 -506.7 -0.865 0.33
TLC 3 & TLC 5 -881.9 -1.32 0.191
TLC 1 & TLC 5 -1388.6 -1.569 0.121

Change in TLC of mild pneumonia on follow up:

Mean difference t p value

TLC 1 & TLC 3 -533.3 -0.378 0.715
TLC 3 & TLC 5 -711.1 -0.468 0.652
TLC 1 & TLC 5 -1244.4 -0.53 0.611

Change in TLC of moderate pneumonia on follow up:

Mean difference t p value

TLC 1 & TLC 3 -852.9 -0.675 0.51
TLC 3 & TLC 5 2152.9 1.235 0.235
TLC 1 & TLC 5 1300 0.635 0.534

Change in TLC of severe pneumonia on follow up:

Mean difference t p value

TLC 1 & TLC 3 -1463.63 -1.685 0.107
TLC 3 & TLC 5 -913.6 -0.921 0.367
TLC 1 & TLC 5 -2377.3 -1.476 0.155
Change in CRP of all cases on follow up:

Mean difference t p value

CRP 1 & CRP 3 -16.2 -2.389 0.02*
CRP 3 & CRP 5 -72.8 -8.528 0.0001*
CRP 1 & CRP 5 -89 -8.139 0.0001*

Change in CRP of mild pneumonia on follow up:

Mean difference t p value

CRP 1 & CRP 3 -30.8 -1.841 0.103
CRP 3 & CRP 5 -72 -2.996 0.017*
CRP 1 & CRP 5 -102.8 -3.293 0.011*

Change in CRP of moderate pneumonia on follow up:

Mean difference t p value

CRP 1 & CRP 3 -6.8 -0.365 0.720
CRP 3 & CRP 5 -50.5 -3.053 0.008*
CRP 1 & CRP 5 -57.4 -2.773 0.014*

Change in CRP of severe pneumonia on follow up:

Mean difference t p value

CRP 1 & CRP 3 -2.4 -0.212 0.834
CRP 3 & CRP 5 -60.5 -4.5 0.0001*
CRP 1 & CRP 5 -62.8 -3.4 0.003*
Change in Pf of all cases on follow up:

Mean difference t p value

Pf 1 & Pf 3 70.5 3.239 0.002*
Pf 3 & Pf 5 14.8 2.188 0.032*
Pf 1 & Pf 5 85.3 3.636 0.001*

Change in Pf of mild pneumonia on follow up:

Mean difference t p value

Pf 1 & Pf 3 132.7 1.913 0.092
Pf 3 & Pf 5 18.6 1.023 0.336
Pf 1 & Pf 5 151.2 2.001 0.08

Change in Pf of moderate pneumonia on follow up:

Mean difference t p value

Pf 1 & Pf 3 -27.5 -0.498 0.625
Pf 3 & Pf 5 -17.8 -1.7 0.108
Pf 1 & Pf 5 -45.4 -0.763 0.457

Change in Pf of severe pneumonia on follow up:

Mean difference t p value

Pf 1 & Pf 3 9.63 0.68 0.504
Pf 3 & Pf 5 12.7 1.19 0.247
Pf 1 & Pf 5 22.3 1.345 0.193
Frequencies of US profiles
N (72) %
US D1 PLABS profile 37 51.4
AB profile 9 12.5
B profile 7 9.7
C profile 7 9.7
A profile 12 16.7
US D3 PLABS profile 40 55.6
AB profile 9 12.5
B profile 7 9.7
C profile 7 9.7
A profile 12 12.5
US D5 PLABS profile 40 55.6
AB profile 12 16.7
B profile 7 9.7
C profile 7 9.7
A profile 6 8.3

180%
160%
140%
120%
100%
80% Day 5
60% Day 3
40% Day 1

20%
0%
PLABs AB B C
Day 5 55.60% 16.70% 9.70% 9.70%
Day 3 55.60% 12.50% 9.70% 9.70%
Day 1 51.40% 12.50% 9.70% 9.70%
Comparison between different US profiles regarding the day of
diagnosis by X-ray
Day of diagnosis by X-ray χ2
Negative D1 D3 D5 P value
US PLABs 6 11 13 7 9.185
profile profile (16.2%) (29.7%) (35.2%) (18.9%)
D1 AB profile 3 2 2 2 0.383
(33.3%) (22.2%) (22.2%) (22.2%)
B profile 2 5 0 0 (Fischer
(28.6%) (71.4%) exact
C profile 2 3 1 1 test)
(28.6%) (42.9%) (14.3%) (14.3%)

100%
16.2%

28.60%
28.60%

90%
33.30%
18.90%

80% X-ray negative

14.30% 14.30%

70%
22.20%

60% X-ray Day 5

35.20%

50%
X-ray Day 3
71.40%

40%
22.20%

30%
42.90%

X-ray Day 1
29.70%

20%
22.20%

10%

0%
PLABs AB B C
 Day of diagnosis by X-ray χ2
Negative D1 D3 D5 P value
US PLABs 6 11 15 8 10.436
profile profile (15%) (27.5%) (37.5%) (20%)
D3 AB profile 3 2 2 2 0.255
(33.3%) (22.2%) (22.2%) (22.2%)
B profile 2 5 0 0 (Fischer
(28.6%) (71.4%) exact
C profile 2 3 1 1 test)
(28.6%) (42.9%) (14.3%) (14.3%)

C 42.90% 14.30%14.30% 28.60%

71.40% 28.60% X-ray Day 1

B
X-ray Day 3
X-ray Day 5
AB 22.20% 22.20% 22.20% 33.30%
X-ray negative

PLABs 27.50% 37.50% 20.00% 15.00%

0.00% 20.00% 40.00% 60.00% 80.00% 100.00% 120.00%

 Day of diagnosis by X-ray χ2
Negative D1 D3 D5 P value
US PLABs 6 11 15 8 13.659
profile profile (15%) (27.5%) (37.5%) (20%)
D5 AB profile 36 2 2 2 0.08
(50%) (16.7%) (16.7%) (16.7%)
B profile 2 5 0 0 (Fischer
(28.6%) (71.4%) exact
C profile 2 3 1 1 test)
(28.6%) (42.9%) (14.3%) (14.3%)

100%
15.00%
90%
28.60% 28.60%
80%
20.00% 50.00%
70%

60% 14.30%
X-ray negative
50%
37.50% X-ray Day 5
14.30%
40% 16.70% X-ray Day 3
30% 71.40% X-ray Day 1
16.70%
20%
27.50% 42.90%
10%
16.70%
0%
PLABs
AB
B
C
Comparison between different US profiles regarding the
SMARTCOP score
SMARTCOP score χ2
Mild Moderate Severe P value
US PLABs profile 6 11 13 7.593
profile (20%) (36.7%) (43.3%)
D1 AB profile 0 3 2 0.204
(60%) (40%)
B profile 0 0 5 (Fischer
(100%) exact
C profile 2 1 2 test)
(40%) (20%) (40%)

120%

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%
SMARTCOP score

PLABs AB B C
Mild 20.00% 0.00% 0.00% 40.00%
Moderate 36.70% 60.00% 0.00% 20.00%
Severe 43.30% 40.00% 100.00% 40.00%
 SMARTCOP score χ2
Mild Moderate Severe P value
US PLABs profile 7 13 13 8.076
profile (21.2%) (39.4%) (39.4%)
D3 AB profile 0 3 2 0.17
(60%) (40%)
B profile 0 0 5 (Fischer
(100%) exact
C profile 2 1 2 test)
(40%) (20%) (40%)

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%
SMARTCOP score

0%
PLABs AB B C
Mild 17.50% 0.00% 0.00% 28.60%
Moderate 32.50% 33.30% 0.00% 14.30%
Severe 32.50% 22.20% 71.40% 28.60%
 SMARTCOP score χ2
Mild Moderate Severe P value
US PLABs profile 7 13 13 8.076
profile (21.2%) (39.4%) (39.4%)
D5 AB profile 0 3 2 0.17
(60%) (40%)
B profile 0 0 5 (Fischer
(100%) exact
C profile 2 1 2 test)
(40%) (20%) (40%)

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%
SMARTCOP score

0%
PLABs AB B C
Mild 17.50% 0.00% 0.00% 28.60%
Moderate 32.50% 33.30% 0.00% 14.30%
Severe 32.50% 22.20% 71.40% 28.60%
Test names:

Data entry and analysis were done by SPSS version 20

Quantitative data were demonstrated by Mean ± SD while qualitative data

were demonstrated by frequency distribution and percentages.

Student T-test and paired T test were used to analyze the differences
between 2 groups of continuous variables.

One way ANOVA test was used to analyze differences between more than 2
groups of continuous variables.

Chi square test and Fischer exact test were used to analyze differences
between categorical variables.

Z score was used to analyze differences between 2 percentages.

A statistically significant level was considered when p-value was less than
0.05.

Graphics were done by Excel Microsoft office 2010.

Comparison between different X-ray findings in day 5 regarding
culture results
Chest X-ray D5 χ2
Positive Negative P value
Culture Gram negative 5 0 22.427
bacilli (5) (100%)
Gram positive 0 3 0.0001*
cocci (3) (100%) (Fischer Exact
Klebsiella (23) 22 1 test)
(95.7%) (4.3%)
Mixed gram 12 9
negative (21) (57.1%) (42.9%)
Pseudomonas (3) 3 0
(100%)
Staph aureus (17) 8 9
(47.1%) (52.9%)

Comparison between different LUS findings in day 5 regarding

culture results
LUS D5 χ2
Positive Negative P value
Culture Gram negative 5 0 5.011
bacilli (5) (100%)
Gram positive 0 3 0.363
cocci (3) (100%) (Fischer Exact
Klebsiella (23) 20 3 test)
(87%) (13%)
Mixed gram 19 2
negative (21) (90.5%) (9.5%)
Pseudomonas (3) 2 1
(66.7%) (33.3%)
Staph aureus (17) 17 0
(100%)
PF groups
N (72) %
PF D 1 More than 300 25 34.7
200 – 300 13 18.1
100 – 200 28 38.9
Less than 100 6 8.3
PF D 3 More than 300 13 18.1
200 – 300 6 8.3
100 – 200 45 62.5
Less than 100 8 11.1
PF D 5 More than 300 17 23.6
200 – 300 5 6.9
100 – 200 12 16.7
Less than 100 38 52.8

Comparison between different X-ray findings regarding PF ratio

LUS profile D1 χ2
Positive Negative P value
PF ratio More than 300 19 (76%) 6 (24%) 4.112
groups 200 – 300 10 (76.9%) 3 (23.1%)
100 – 200 26 (92.9%) 2 (7.1%) 0.211
Less than 100 6 (100%) 0

LUS profile D3 χ2
Positive Negative P value
PF ratio More than 300 9 (69.2%) 4 (30.8%) 15.127
groups 200 – 300 3 (50%) 3 (50%)
100 – 200 44 (97.8%) 1 (2.2%) 0.001*
Less than 100 8 (100%) 0 (Fischer
Exact test)
 LUS profile D5 χ2
Positive Negative P value
PF ratio More than 300 13 (76.5%) 4 (23.5%) 4.987
groups 200 – 300 5 (100%) 0
100 – 200 12 (100%) 0 0.113
Less than 100 36 (94.7%) 2 (5.3%) (Fischer
Exact test)

Comparison between different X-ray findings regarding PF ratio

Chest X-ray D1 χ2
Positive Negative P value
PF ratio More than 300 1 (4%) 24 (96%) 15.608
groups 200 – 300 5 (38.5%) 8 (61.5%)
100 – 200 14 (50%) 14 (50%) 0.001*
Less than 100 1 (16.7%) 5 (83.3%) (Fischer Exact
test)

Chest X-ray D3 χ2
Positive Negative P value
PF ratio More than 300 6 (46.2%) 7 (53.8%) 4.722
groups 200 – 300 4 (66.7%) 2 (33.3%)
100 – 200 22 (48.9%) 23 (51.1%) 0.188
Less than 100 7 (87.5%) 1 (12.5%)

Chest X-ray D5 χ2
Positive Negative P value
PF ratio More than 300 11 (64.7%) 6 (35.3%) 1.638
groups 200 – 300 4 (80%) 1 (20%)
100 – 200 10 (83.3%) 2 (16.7%) 0.678
Less than 100 25 (65.8%) 13 (34.2%)
Mcnemar test
LUS LUS LUS LUS P value
positive negative positive X- negative
X-ray X-ray ray X-ray
negative positive positive negative
Day 1 44 4 17 7 0.0001*
Day 3 27 2 37 6 0.0001*
Day 5 21 5 45 1 0.002*