POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS

OF 1.5MVA
34.5kV/230/115V
SUBSTATION OF
GLORY(PHILIPPINES), AT
CAVITE ECONOMIC ZONE

PRESENTED BY:
ENGR. ANGELO B. MANUEL
PEE ASPIRANT
REE0039424
OUTLINE
• PROJECT STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVE
• INTRODUCTION
• ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DATA
• LOAD SCHEDULE STUDY
• VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION
• SHORT CIRCUIT CALCULATION
• PROTECTION COORDINATION
• ARC FLASH ANALYSIS
• RECOMMENDATION
PROJECT STUDY GOALS
AND OBJECTIVE

SAFETY IN INDUSTRIAL PLANT

MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT
PERSONNEL/ EMPLOYEES

AUDIT THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

 LOCATION
Location of
Cavite
Economic
Zone
MAP LOCATION OF GPI
PLANTS
 GLORY(PHILIPPINES),
INC.
MANUFACTURER OF MONEY HANDLING
MACHINES
SAMPLE PRODUCTS
AUTOMATIC TELLER MACHINE
BANK NOTE COUNTING MACHINE

DESCRIPTION OF EVERY PLANT

GPI 1- OFFICE AND ASSEMBLY AREA
GPI 2- WAREHOUSE
GPI 3- METAL FABRICATION
GPI 4- PLASTIC INJECTION
GPI 5- ASSEMBLY AREA/ PARTS RECEIVING/ PARTS
INSPECTION
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
DATA
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
DATA
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
 LOAD SCHEDULE STUDY

TO VERIFY TRANSFORMER CAPACITY

Computed Capacity
% LOAD 
Transformer Capacity

TO VERIFY THE SIZE OF FEEDER WIRE

25% of the biggest load  
Feeder wire     D.F.
Sum of the full load currents 

TO VERIFY THE SIZE OF MAIN CIRCUIT

BREAKER
Highest breaker  Sum 
Main Circuit Breaker  of the full load of the   D.F.

other 
 LOAD SCHEDULE STUDY
• TO VERIFY TRANSFORMER CAPACITY
Computed Capacity
% LOAD 
Transformer Capacity

• TO VERIFY THE SIZE OF FEEDER WIRE

25% of the biggest load  
Feeder wire     D.F.
Sum of the full load currents

• TO VERIFY THE SIZE OF MAIN CIRCUIT

BREAKER
Highest breaker  Sum 
Main Circuit Breaker  of the full load of the   D.F.

other 8/29/2019 
LOAD SCHEDULE FOR MPB 1

8/29/2019
TRANSFORMER
COMPUTATION(MPB 1)
Computed Capacity
% LOAD   100
Transformer Capacity

463.69 kVA
% LOAD   100
500 kVA
% LOAD  92.74%

8/29/2019
COMPUTATION SIZE OF FEEDER
WIRE(MPB 1)

25% of the biggest load  

Feeder wire     D.F.
Sum of the full load currents
Feeder wire  (0.25  273.62)  1,163.99  0.85
Feeder wire  1,047.54 A

Existing wire, 3 sets of 250 mm²

Total Ampacity= 3 × 378 A

Total Ampacity= 1,134 A

8/29/2019
COMPUTATION SIZE OF MAIN
CIRCUIT BREAKER(MPB 1)
highest breaker  Sum of 
Main Circuit Breaker  the full load current   D.F.

of the other 

Main Circuit Breaker  400  (1,163.99 - 273.62)  0.85

Main Circuit Breaker  1,096.81 A

8/29/2019
VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION

VD  Ifl  Ze  L
VDT
Ze  R  cos   X  sin 
VD1
VD  VD1  VD2  VD3  VD4  VDT
VD2
VD
%VD   100 %
VD3
VS

VD4

8/29/2019
SAMPLE COMPUTATION
Solving VDT :
%VD  VS 3.0  230
VDT  
100 100
VDT  6.9V

Solving for equivalent impedance 1:

Ze1  (R 1  cos )  (X1  sin )
Ze1  (31.694  10 6 )  (0.8336)  (52.459  10 6 )  (0.5524)
Ze1  5.54  10 5  / m

Solving for voltage drop 1 VD1:

VD1  Ifl1  Ze1  L1

VD1  (1164)  (5.54  105 )  (22) 
VD1  1.4187V
8/29/2019
EVALUATION OF VOLTAGE
DROP
VD  VD1  VD2  VD3  VD4  VDT
VD  1.4187  0.096728  3.3182  0.4945  6.9
VD  12.228V

Result of percent voltage drop:

VD
%VD   100
VS
12.228
%VD   100
230
%VD  5.3165%

8/29/2019
SUMMARY OF VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION

8/29/2019
SHORT CIRCUIT CALCULATION

1. Three phase fault current

2. Line-to-Line fault current

3. Single Line-to-Ground fault current

4. Double Line-to-Ground fault current

a. Double Line-to-Ground fault current, b
b. Double Line-to-Ground fault current, c

8/29/2019
SYSTEM MODELING
Need to model the following:

1. System of the fault capacity of MERALCO-CEZ

2. The transformer
3. The wires and cables.

Actual Value
Per unit value  Formula 4
Base Value

8/29/2019
 BASE VALUES
BASE
BASE ZbaseHV ZbaseLV IbaseHV IbaseLV
VOLTAGE(kV)
MVA High Low (ohm) (ohm) (A) (A)
Voltage Voltage

0.5 34.5 0.23 2380.5 0.1058 8.37 1,255.11

Calculation of BASE values:

Base voltage kV 34.5

2 2
Zbase LV 
Base voltage kV 2

0.23 2

Zbase HV   Base power MVA 0.5

Base power MVA 0.5
Zbase HV  2380.5 ohm Zbase LV  0.1058 ohm

8/29/2019
 CALCULATION OF BASE
VALUES
Base power MVA  1000 0.5  1000
Ibase HV  
3  Base voltage kV 3  34.5
Ibase HV  8.3674A

Base power MVA  1000 0.5  1000

Ibase LV  
3  Base voltage kV 3  0.23
Ibase LV  1,255.1093A

8/29/2019
UTILITY MODEL

8/29/2019
TRANSFORMER MODEL

8/29/2019
LINE CABLE MODEL
1 *
ZS     ZP    Formula 5
3

8/29/2019
SEQUENCE IMPEDANCE FOR WIRE AND
CABLE (ACTUAL AND PER UNIT)

actual

PANEL R0 X0 R1 X1 R2 X2

0.0000443 0.0000786 0.0000475 0.0000786 0.0000475 0.0000786

MPB 1
7 9 4 9 4 9

per unit

PANEL R0 X0 R1 X1 R2 X2

0.0004194 0.0007437 0.0006601 0.0005650 0.0006601 0.0005650

MPB 1
1 5 4 2 4 2

8/29/2019
SHORT CIRCUIT
CALCULATION APPROACH

8/29/2019
 SAMPLE COMPUTATION 1
• 3 PHASE FAULT CURRENT AT F3 (MPB 1)
VF
I3PFC (p.u.) 
Z1  ZF
1.0
I3PFC (p.u.) 
(0.116574  j 0.2869509)  0
I3PFC (p.u.)  1.215194  j 2.991243

To get the actual value, express first this complex to

real
I3PFC (p.u. Re al)  1.2151942  2.9912432  3.22866

I3PF Actual  I3PF(p.u. Real)  Ibase LV  3.22866  1255 .11

I3PF Actual  4,052.323A
8/29/2019
SAMPLE COMPUTATION 2
• LINE TO LINE FAULT CURRENT AT F3 (MPB 1)
3  VF
IL LFC (p.u.) 
Z1  Z2  ZF

3  1.0
IL LFC (p.u.) 
(0.2331479671  j 0.573901832)  0
IL LFC (p.u.)  1.052389164  j 2.590492539

To get the actual value, express first this complex to real

IL LFC (p.u. Re al)  1.0523892  2.5904932  2.796

IL LFC Actual
 IL LFC (p.u. Real)  Ibase LV  2.796  1255 .11
IL LFC Actual
 3,509.41A
8/29/2019
 SAMPLE COMPUTATION 3
• SINGLE LINE TO GROUND FAULT CURRENT AT F3 (MPB 1)
3  VF
ISLGFC (p.u.) 
Z1  Z2  Z0  3  ZF 
3  1.0
ISLGFC (p.u.) 
(0.3454670769  j 0.8488270458)  (3  0)
ISLGFC (p.u.)  1.234024218  j 3.0320490767

To get the actual value, express first this complex to real

ISLGFC (p.u. Re al)  1.2340242182  3.0320490772  3.27355

ISLGFC Actual
 ISLGFC (p.u. Real)  Ibase LV  3.27355  1,255.11
ISLGFC Actual
 4,108.67A

8/29/2019
SUMMARY OF RESULTS FOR SHORT CIRCUIT
STUDY

8/29/2019
PROTECTION
COORDINATION
• TO VERIFY TWO SCENARIOS
• CUT-OUT FUSE AND MAIN PANEL BOARD
• MAIN PANEL BOARD AND ONE BRANCH
DISTRIBUTION CIRCUIT BREAKER

8/29/2019
CU-OUT FUSE AND MAIN PANEL BOARD

0.56347 kA

4.0523 kA

8/29/2019
 VERIFY THRU TIME CURRENT CURVE

0.05 seconds

18 seconds

8/29/2019
MAIN PANEL AND ONE BRANCH DP

0.5 seconds
0.05 seconds
3.9 kAIC

8/29/2019
ARC FLASH ANALYSIS
• OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
• TO CALCULATE THE INCIDENT ENERGY IN J/cm²
• TO DETERMINE THE REQUIRED PPE CATEGORY
• TO DETERMINE THE ARC FLASH BOUNDARY

• ARCING CURRENT
lg Ia  K  0.662 lg Ibf  0.0966 V  0.000526 G
 0.5588 V(lg Ibf ) - 0.00304 G(lg Ibf )

8/29/2019
OTHER ARC FLASH FORMULAS
The incident energy:
 t  610x 
E  4.184CfEn   x 
 0.2  D 

The incident energy normalized:

lg En  K1  K2  1.081 lgI a  0.0011 G

The Flash Protection Boundary:

1
  t  610x  x
DB  4.184C fEn   
  0.2  EB 

8/29/2019
 ARC FLASH SAMPLE COMPUTATION
Bolted
Protecti
3 Typical gap Typical
System Protective ve Distan
Phase between Working
Voltage Device Device ce x
fault conductors distance,
(kV) type Trip factor
curren (mm) D (mm)
time(s)
t(kA)
Low
MPB
0.23 4.05 Voltage 0.5 25 1.641 455
1
MCCB's

Solving for Arcing current at MPB 1

lg Ia(MPB 1)  (0.097)  (0.662  lg 4.0523)  (0.0966  0.23)
 (0.000526  25)  0.5588  0.23(lg 4.0523)
- 0.00304  25(lg 4.0523)
lg Ia(MPB 1)  0.37258537

Then,
lg Ia (MPB1)
8/29/2019
0.37258537
Ia(MPB 1)  10  10  2.3822571 kA
 ARC FLASH SAMPLE COMPUTATION
Solving for incident energy normalized at MPB 1
lg En(MPB 1)  (0.555)  (0.113)  1.081 lg(2.38225 71)  0.0011 (25)
lgEn(MPB 1)  0.2329753

En(MPB1)  10-0.2329753  0.5848233 J/cm2

Solving for incident energy at MPB 1

 0.525  6101.641 
EMPB1  4.184  1.5  0.5848233  
1.641 
 0.2  455 
EMPB1  4.184  1.5  0.58482332.625  1.617817606 

EMPB1  15.58714111 J/cm2

8/29/2019
 ARC FLASH SAMPLE COMPUTATION

Convert to cal/cm²: 5 J/cm²=1.2 cal/cm²

 1.2 cal/cm 2 
EMPB1  15.58714111 J/cm  
2
2

 5 J/cm 
EMPB1  3.740914 cal/cm 2

Therefore PPE category required for MPB 1 is 1

Solving for flash boundary at MPB 1

1
  0.525  6101.641  1.641
DB(MPB1)  4.184  1.5  (0.5848233)    
  0.2  5.0 
DB(MPB1)  909.75 mm

8/29/2019
 RECOMMENDATION

• UPGRADE THE GENSET CAPACITY

• UPGRADE THE POWER FACTOR THRU
INSTALLATION OF CAPACITOR BANK
• OVER-ALL REWIRING OF THE SYSTEM
• VOLTAGE DROP
• SHORT CIRCUIT
• PROTECTION COORDINATION
• ARC FLASH ANALYSIS

8/29/2019
 THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION...

8/29/2019