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NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA

2019
2019
 CONTENTS

NOTIFICATION 2

NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA 3

TRAINING AT THE NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA 4

SUBJECTS OF STUDY 6

ADMISSION-RELATED MATTERS 16

GENERAL INFORMATION 20

EXTENSION PROGRAMME 24

FESTIVALS 26

SANSKAR RANG TOLI 28

REPERTORY COMPANY 29

FACULTY 34

ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL STAFF 39

 NOTIFICATIONS
Notification by the Government of India Notification by Association of Indian Universities,
Ministry of Education and Culture, Recognizing Recognizing the Diploma
the Diploma
SEAL
No. RC.Q. 11023/22/77/T7/7
Telegrams: 'UNIBOARD'
Government of India ASSOCIATION OF INDIAN UNIVERSITIES
Ministry of Education & Culture Deendayal Upadhyaya Marg, New Delhi 110002
(Department of Education)
New Delhi, dated the 6th September, 1980
NO. EV/II (414)/81/39395 19 October 1981
OFFICE MEMORANDUM
R.P. Monga

On the recommendation of the Board of Assessment of Section Officer

Educational Qualifications, the Government of India
has decided to recognize the Diploma in Dramatics
awarded by the National School of Drama, New Delhi
after the three years course, for the purpose of
recruitment to superior posts and services, under the
Central Government where specialization in the field of
Dramatics is required.
Sd- (M.S. SRINIVASAN)
DIRECTOR (TECH.)
Dear Shri Karanth,
Please refer to my letter of even number dated 14th May
1981.
The Equivalence Committee of this Association at its
meeting held on 12th October 1981, considered the
question of equivalence of the Diploma in Dramatics
awarded by the National School of Drama, New Delhi. I

To
1. All the Ministries and Departments of Government of
India.
2. All State Governments and Union Territories
(Education Departments)
3. The Four Regional Offices of the Ministry of Education
and Culture.
4. All Directors of Technical Education.
5. Union Public Service Commission (with 5 spare
copies).
6. Staff Selection Commission, Khan Market, Lok
Nayak Bhawan, New Delhi.
7. All State Public Service Commissions.
8. Association of Indian Universities, D.D. Upadhyaya
Marg, New Delhi.
9. D.P.I.O. (Ministry of Education), Shastri Bhawan, New
Delhi.
10. All Boards of Apprenticeship Trainings.
TRUE COPY
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am giving below the resolution adopted thereon.
“Resolved that those who have a B.A. degree and have
obtained a Diploma in Dramatics from the National
School of Drama, New Delhi be considered as having
obtained an M.A. degree and as such be eligible for
appointment as teachers in colleges and universities
and for purpose of registration to Ph.D.”
Yours Sincerely
Sd/-
(R.P. Monga)
Shri B.V. Karanth,
Director, National School of Drama
Bahawalpur House,
Bhagwandas Road
New Delhi-110001
NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA
The National School of Drama is one of the foremost theatre training institutions in the world
and the only one of its kind in India. Established in 1959 as a constituent unit of the Sangeet
Natak Akademi, the School became an independent entity in 1975 and was registered as an
autonomous organization under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860, fully financed by
the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
The School offers an intensive and comprehensive three-year course of training in theatre and
the allied arts. Successful candidates are awarded a diploma in dramatic arts after completion
of the course. Training is based on a carefully-planned syllabus which covers every aspect of
theatre, and in which theory is related to practice. As part of the training, students are required
to produce plays that are then performed before a public audience.
The School has two performing wings: the Repertory Company, which started in 1964, and the
Theatre-in-Education Company (Sanskaar Rang Toli), which was found in 1989. On completion
of the three-year diploma course, successful candidates may be considered for enrolment into
either of these two Companies, or they may work on a project or dissertation on theatre for
which fellowships of a year's duration are granted. The Extension Programme of the School,
under which workshops for adults and children are conducted in various parts of the country,
was launched in 1978.
 TRAINING AT THE NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA
The central aim of the course is to prepare students for the
practice of theatre. To this end, a variety of practical skills need to
be developed and a corpus of knowledge needs to be acquired.
While all areas of study are assessed separately and a high
standard of work demanded in each, the primary objective of the
course is to develop creativity and imaginative expression within
the collective framework of a group.
The National School of Drama offers a three-year, full-time
diploma course in the dramatic arts for students intending to
make theatre their profession.
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The FIRST year is divided into two semesters. The first semester (July–December) is
devoted to the basics of acting, design, direction, theatre history, literature &
aesthetics. In the second semester the same subjects are studied in detail.
The SECOND Year the students choose their area of specialization. This year is also
broadly divided into two semesters: the third and fourth. The third and fourth
semesters cover Theatre History, Literature & Aesthetics, Acting (specialization),
Direction(specialization) and Theatre Techniques and Design (specialization).
The THIRD Year syllabus aims at giving students advanced training in their area of
specialization: Acting OR Direction OR Theatre Techniques and Design.
SUBJECTS OF STUDY
DRAMATIC LITERATURE WORLD DRAMA
MODERN INDIAN DRAMA The history and major play texts of world drama, with emphasis on Asian, European,
American, African and Latin American Dramatic Literature and Performances
Development of modern Indian theatre from the mid-19th century with an emphasis on the contemporary
theatre scene THEATRE ARCHITECTURE
Regional language theatre: theory and practice Development of theatre in the East with special emphasis on theatre forms in the
Natyashastra, as well as in Southeast Asia
CLASSICAL INDIAN DRAMA
CULTURE STUDIES
Classical Indian drama and aesthetics
A study of cultural expressions incorporating visual art, film, media, music, sound etc. from
History of Sanskrit drama various theoretical positions
Detailed analysis of selected Sanskrit plays and their interpretation in terms of their dramatic structures as
laid down in the Natyashastra, their performances and audiences in the ancient period and their
significances in contemporary theatre
 SUBJECTS OF STUDY
ACTING ACTING & IMPROVISATION
VOICE AND SPEECH Drawing out, moulding and refining individual talent by shaping the actors' bodies and voices,
How the voice works i.e. exercises to achieve a free sharpening their imagination and sensitivities, and tapping their emotional resources
settled natural voice so that the voice is capable of variety of Enhancing environmental and experiential awareness. Helping to establish acting skills and
volumes, qualities and pitches techniques
Working with text and subtext and finding tonal Teaching and familiarizing students with the major codified theories and methods of acting
qualities and speech characterization
Knowledge of different styles of speech i.e. from
Traditional, Classical to Modern Contemporary theatre

YOGA
Physical fitness, an increased degree of alertness,
grace with concentration and maximum use of voice
capabilities, achieved through the practice of asanas, kriyas
and pranayam

MOVEMENT THEATRE MUSIC

Modern movement trends: theory and practice Enhancing the musical sensibility of students through the knowledge of various sounds and rhythmic
patterns, evolved from the texts of different play
Learning the principles of Shilpashastra and Natyashastra
Inculcating a sense of stage music in aesthetic terms and as a 'total theatre' concept based on theatre
• Expression of human experience and activities through body language such as gestures, postures specific uses
and movements
• Abhinaya (stylized acting) through physiological observation and expression of persons and objects

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 SUBJECTS OF STUDY
DIRECTION
The aim is to develop the knowledge of and consciousness about how artistic practice and socio-political Studies of spaces, site & architecture. Studies of audience & spectatorship. Studies of various aspects
awareness are connected to each other. The training underlines the theoretical, conceptual and structural and approaches of design, acting & play writing. Understanding of Literature & Literary theories, sound &
issues relating to the dynamics of performances. The course enables students to apply their own analytical music, visual art, cinema, media, Social-political and cultural understanding, Rasa-bhava relationship etc.
method of directing performances with social connect having a high professional standard. History of Direction
Principle of Direction
Textual analysis
Forms, styles & genres of plays
Streams of direction
Contribution of major directors, both in India and abroad & their specialities
Different Processes of Directors
Relationship of director, actor, writer & designer
Methodology of evolving Theatre language

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 SUBJECTS OF STUDY
DESIGN & THEATRE TECHNIQUE
History of Theatre Design
Basic principles of Theatre Design
Theatre Design theory.
Space, genre, style of Theatre Design
Study of Scenic Arts, theatre building, scenic construction,
various forms & styles of Theatre Design.
Theatre Design & Social connect.
Design for Art & other events.
Understanding the basics of Direction.
Understanding the basics of Acting & Play writing.
Lighting, Sound, Costume, Set, Make-up, Multimedia.
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THEATRE ARCHITECTURE
Evolution of theatre forms and stage designs in the West from the Greek to the Modern period.
Contemporary theatre architecture and stage design in the East, especially portable and fixed open-air
theatre and other architectural conventions suited to Indian conditions.
LIGHTING DESIGN
Philosophy & aesthetics of lighting design.
Objectives of lighting.
Lighting plan & equipment
Elementary study of electricity and handling of the Consoles
MAKE-UP
Different styles of make-up: theory and practice
SCENIC DESIGN
Concepts and philosophy behind design
Ideas and methods of stage designers.
Stage construction and stage techniques.
Basics of set-design and making models.
COSTUME DESIGN
History of costume design
Interpretation and styles of costume design
The course aims at nurturing the audio visual imagination of the students to apply in theatre and live events.
The students are expected to achieve a high quality skill and technique combined with creative ideas to
contribute to contemporary theatre.
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 SUBJECTS OF STUDY
PRODUCTION

Apart from regular classes, production is an integrated part of the curriculum to teach the following:
Techniques of moving from text to stage Training in the School is based on a thorough, comprehensive and carefully-planned syllabus that covers
every aspect of theatre from theory to practice, and the results of which are put to test before a wide audience.
Structure of plays, languages of performance
The syllabus takes into account the methods of eminent theatre personalities who have shaped
The art of direction, design and acting. contemporary theatre in all its forms and expressions
Understanding of sound, music and visual design
Selection and study of plays It includes broad-based training in Classical Indian and Western dramatic traditions, Indian traditional and
Research and extensive field work is a necessary part of production process. folk theatre, modern theatre trends in India and abroad, introduction of theatre trends of the world and
specialized training in Indian theatre traditions
Productions are done to the public from first year onwards. They may include a Sanskrit/Greek text, play
based on a traditional/folk form, farce, European Renaissance play, Indian and non-Indian modern and
contemporary texts. It is common to students of all specializations The School's faculty and visiting teachers, comprising theatre practitioners from India and abroad, design the
APPRECIATION COURSES AND WORKSHOP SESSIONS study modules and impart training to students each year. The training includes class room lectures, a series
of intensive workshops, as well as appreciation courses in film and other arts
Apart from the above courses, the School also organizes appreciation courses and workshop sessions on
various aspects of Indian art and culture *The syllabus is being revisited and maybe restructured as and when needed
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 ADMISSION-RELATED MATTERS
APPLICATION PROCESS
In the year 2019 twenty-six students will be selected
for the three-year, full-time course in Dramatic Arts.
The candidates should apply in the prescribed
application form.
The process of admission is as follows:
Applicant can choose any one option listed below:
Option 1) : Application form can only be filled and
submitted online on the link available on NSD website
http://www.onlineadmission.nsd.gov.in from
15/03/2019. The necessary documents may also be
submitted online, Fee Rs 50/- is to be paid for filling
form online. Last date to fill up online form is
15/04/2019.
Option 2) : To receive the application form and
prospectus (in English & Hindi) by post, please write
to The Dean, Academic, National School of Drama,
Bahawalpur House, Bhagwandas Road, New Delhi –
110001 along with a crossed Demand Draft/Pay
Order, payable at Delhi, of Rs. 225/- (Rupees two
hundred twenty five only) including postal charges in
favour of The Director, National School of Drama, New
Delhi. Request for receiving the application form by
post must reach the school by 28/03/2019
Offline application forms duly filled in & complete in
all respects must reach To Dean Academic, National
School of Drama, Bahawalpur House, Bhagwandas
Ro a d , N ew D e l h i – 110 0 01 o n o r b e fo r e
15/04/2019. No application form will be entertained
after the last date in any circumstances..
Testimonials, copies of certificates and two recent
passport size-photographs, non-returnable, should
be attached to the application.
Candidates may be requested to produce original
documents/certificates at the time of the interview.
Application forms dully filled in & complete in all
respects must be sent to - The Academic Section,
National School of Drama, Bahawalpur House,
Bhagwandas Road, New Delhi-110001
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MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS FOR ADMISSION
1) Graduation in any subject from a recognized
University in India or Abroad
2) Participation in at least 6 theatre productions
3) Working knowledge of Hindi & English
AGE
Age limit as on 1.7.2019 minimum 18 years
maximum 30 years
The upper age limit is relaxable for reserved
category candidates as per GOI rules (5 years for
SC / ST candidates)
MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION
The medium of instruction is Hindi and or English,
depending on the subject. Plays, however, are
performed mostly in Hindi.
SELECTION PROCESS
The screening of applicants is carried out in two
stages. The preliminary screening comprises of an
audition or practical test, and is conducted in New
Delhi along with other centers, usually Guwahati,
Ko l ka t a , Pa t n a , B h u b a n e s wa r, C h e n n a i ,
Bengaluru, Jaipur, Chandigarh, Lucknow, Mumbai
Bhopal
Candidates recommended by the Preliminary
Selection Committee will go through a final round
of selection in New Delhi, which is in the form of a
four to five-day workshop. In this final selection
emphasis will be on the candidate's attitude
towards learning and participating in collective
creation. To make the selection process broad-
based, it is ensured that selected candidates
represent as many states and union territories as
possible. Preference maybe given to applicants
from families traditionally belonging to the
performing arts.
Candidates called for the final round of selection
will be paid TA/DA from their hometown to the
place of interview in Delhi and back, by the shortest
nd
route, after they provide 2 class train/bus tickets,
receipts, etc. They will be given accommodation in
the School hostel.
RESERVATION FOR CANDIDATES BELONGING TO
SC/ST/OBC (non -creamy layer) /PwD CATEGORIES
Out of twenty-six seats reservation is given as per
government rules.
A D M I S S I O N F O R F O R E I G N N AT I O N A L
CANDIDATES
Foreign students may take admission in the
course. However, because of the limited number
of seats, it is not feasible to accommodate more
than one or two foreign students in each session.
Such students have to submit their applications
through the Indian Embassy/ High Commission
in their respective countries, who will forward
these to the Indian Council for Cultural Relations
(ICCR) in India. The School will then consider the
application recommended by the ICCR.
Students have to submit their applications in the
prescribed form of Indian Council for Cultural
Relations (ICCR)
RECOGNITION OF THE COURSE FOR RECRUITMENT TO SUPERIOR POSTS AND SERVICES UNDER
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
The Diploma in Dramatic Arts awarded by the School has been recognized by the Government of India for the
purpose of recruitment to superior posts and services under the Central Government, where specialization is
required in the field of Dramatics. The diploma is equal to a master's degree in dramatics, and NSD graduates
are eligible for appointment as teachers in colleges and universities as well as for registration in research and
doctoral programmes.
OBLIGATIONS OF SELECTED CANDIDATES
Training at the National School of Drama is rigorous and requires hard physical work to acquire
professionalism. Students are required to maintain sound health and possess enough stamina to participate
in theatre practice. Selected candidates are, therefore, required to submit a medical certificate from a
recognized medical authority. Medical fitness is obligatory. The School reserves the right to get any student
checked by a competent medical authority, in this regard, at any given time. If found unfit it may not be
possible for the School, despite all sympathy, to allow the student to continue his or her study in the School.
Selected candidates are not permitted to receive any scholarship from any other source. They are required to
furnish an undertaking in the prescribed form stating non-receipt of scholarship from any other source.
Selected candidates are required to join the School on the first day of the new session. The School does not
accept students who do not join from the very beginning or who cannot continue for the full period of three
years. The new session usually starts from mid July every year.
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 ADMISSION-RELATED MATTERS
SCHOLARSHIP
The School awards a scholarship of Rs. 8000 (Rupees eight thousand only) per month to selected candidates.
A student who is awarded such a scholarship by the School will be required:
To execute a bond of Rs. 3,12,000 (Rupees Three Lakh Twelve Thousand Only) to the effect that if he/she
decides to discontinue training before the end of three years, or is made to discontinue on disciplinary
grounds, he/she will then return all the money paid to him/her before such discontinuance.
FEES, DUES AND DEPOSITS
Candidates selected for admission will have to pay all fees and other dues, as listed below, before
the opening day, failing which they will not be admitted into the School.
INSURANCE
Selected candidates are covered by a Risk Cover Insurance Policy and are required to pay the premium
amount, which may work out to be Rs. 150 to Rs. 200 annually. The School does not take any other
responsibility beyond this insurance cover.
PASSPORT
Selected candidates are advised to get their passport ready before admission to the National School of
Drama.
WORKING HOURS
Classes are normally held from 8 am to 6 pm, with tea and lunch breaks. Rehearsals and other practical
work continue in the evenings till such time as required and also on holidays as the case may be.

Admission fee: Rs. 150

Tuition fee: Rs. 150 per month
Students' Union membership fee: Rs. 60 per year
Advance fee for make-up kit: Rs. 2000 (adjustable)
Caution money and library fee deposit: Rs. 9000
(refundable after final settlement of accounts)
Stationery fee: Rs. 1650

HOSTEL, MESS & OTHER MISCELLANEOUS

DUES
Hostel rent per seat: Rs. 250 per month
Electricity & water charges: Rs. 150 per month
(adjustable as per consumption)
Medical charges: Rs. 100 per month
Mess charges (for lunch and dinner): Rs. 1800 per
month (likely to vary every month)
Students are advised to keep an additional provision
of Rs.1000 at the time of joining, to cover any price
rise/hike that may occur in the above-mentioned
items.
VACATIONS
Each academic year is divided into two semesters, from mid July to mid December, followed by
the winter vacation from mid December to mid January; and from mid January to mid May,
followed by the summer vacation from mid May to mid July.
These, however, may be changed or curtailed by the School in special circumstances.
BOARDING & LODGING
There are separate hostels for girls and boys. Accommodation provided to the students may
be on a room-sharing or dormitory basis. It is compulsory for all students to join the hostel.

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 GENERAL INFORMATION
ATTENDANCE RULES
The whole course may calculate attendance in three different heads viz. a) Theory, b) Practical, Workshop
and Scene Work, c) Production and a minimum of 75% each in individual group and also 75% attendance in
aggregate in a semester. The above is mandatory to sit in the examination, failing which they may not
continue the studentship.
In addition to attendance, punctuality is required for all classes, exercises, lectures, rehearsals, etc. Late
attendance for three days or absence from three classes will be treated as equivalent to one full day's
absence.
The attendance of students at the above percentages will be calculated on a semester basis and any student
failing to fulfill the required level of attendance, will not be allowed to appear in the semester examinations.
Such students will have to forfeit the right to continue their studies in the School.
No medical leave for a period exceeding three days will be granted without an authorized medical certificate
from the School's doctor.
OTHER RULES
Students are not allowed to enter into any arrangement for training outside the School.
Students are not allowed to seek or accept any engagement to appear in public, neither on the amateur or
professional stage, nor in radio, television or films. They may not seek or accept any employment during their
term of study.
Students must conduct themselves properly in accordance with the rules that govern manners and
appearance. Any student found guilty of unbecoming conduct may be suspended or expelled from the
School.
Consuming alcohol in the School premises is strictly prohibited.
Students are not allowed to invite visitors or friends to classes, lectures or rehearsals, except with prior
permission from the Director.
It is obligatory for the students to enact any role that they are handed. They must participate in rehearsals
and perform the role in the manner required by the teachers or the director of the play.
Students must acquire all books, material or equipment as directed. Such material is available in the School
20 stores and its cost is deducted from the students' scholarship.
Students have to abide by the hostel, mess and library rules.
Students violating rules are liable to severe disciplinary action.
BAN ON RAGGING
Selected candidates and their parents shall give an undertaking in the prescribed form vouching for the good
conduct of the student. Violation of the undertaking would result in appropriate action including
suspension/expulsion. This undertaking is required to be given as per the order of the Hon'ble Supreme Court
dated 04.05.2001 in W.P.(C) No. 656/1998, the relevant portion of which is quoted below:
“Anti-ragging movement should be initiated by the institutions right from the time of advertisement for
admissions. The prospectus, the form for admission and/or any other literature issued to aspirants for
admission must clearly mention that ragging is banned in the institution and any one indulging in ragging is
likely to be punished appropriately which punishment may include expulsion from the institution, suspension
from the institution or classes for a limited period or fine with a public apology. The punishment may also take
the shape of: (i) withholding scholarships or other benefits (ii) debarring from representation in events (iii)
withholding results (iv) suspension or expulsion from hostel or mess and the like. If there be any legislation
governing ragging or any provisions in the Statute/Ordinances they should be brought to the notice of the
students/parents seeking admissions.
The application form for admission/enrollment shall have a printed undertaking to be filled up and signed by
the candidate to the effect that he/she is aware of the institution's approach towards ragging and the
punishments to which he or she shall be liable if found guilty of ragging. A similar undertaking shall be
obtained from the parent/guardian of the applicant.
Such of the institutions as are introducing such a system for the first time shall ensure undertakings being
obtained from the students and their parents/guardians already studying in the institutions before the
commencement of the next educational year/session.”
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 GENERAL INFORMATION
STATIONERY, MATERIAL & EQUIPMENT
The School will supply students, free of charge, a mount
board, drawing paper and wood for classroom purposes
only. Any other material will have to be purchased by the
students. Each student will be allotted a locker for
his/her material and personal belongings.
On admission students will have to buy the required
notebooks and make-up kit, the total cost of which is Rs.
3000 approximately.
In order to pass, students will have to obtain 40% marks in individual subjects and 50% in
the aggregate. If a student fails to get 40% marks in at least two subjects, he/she will be
allowed to appear for the supplementary examination, provided the work in those subjects
is not of a collective nature and that he/she has acquired a minimum of 50% marks in the
aggregate. Therefore, if the student fails in participating in a production or any other
subject requiring collective work, or if the student has got less than 50% marks in the
aggregate, the student will not be entitled to appear for the supplementary examination. In
such a case, the concerned student will have to leave the School.

The supplementary examination will be held soon

after the student fails in that subject. If such an
examination is held in the first, third and fifth
ASSESSMENT, EVALUATION AND PROMOTION semesters, then the marks obtained in the
supplementary examination will be carried over to
Students will be evaluated during the semester and also the year-end examination for calculating the total
at the end of each semester. In this evaluation, their marks.
regular work, projects and participation in productions
will be considered along with assessment of their The Academic Council of the School is the
performance during the semester and in the end- competent authority to change rules as and when
semester examination. All evaluations will be taken into deemed fit, after reviewing the system and stating
account from one semester to the next, and so on for the reasons for change. Any decision(s) made by the
final award of the diploma. The marks obtained by Council will have to be abided by the students.
students at the end of each year will be calculated by
adding 50% of the average of total marks obtained by
them in theory and practical subjects in monthly or
periodic tests, to 50% of the total marks obtained by them
in the end-semester examination. This will continue every
year. An average of the marks will be calculated for the
third and final year, to qualify for the diploma. All
assessments and evaluations will be mentioned in the
marking system on the mark sheet (100 marks for each
subject).
Students will be promoted to next year at the end of the
second and fourth semesters, that is, at the end of the
first and second years. Passing marks will accrue at the
end of the sixth semester in the third year. The final
results will carry the candidate's Cumulative Marking
Point Average (aggregate marks).

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 EXTENSION PROGRAMME
EXTENSION PROGRAMME
The National School of Drama provides a three-year course of integrated training, leading to a post-graduate
Diploma in Dramatics. Since the training involves intensive grounding and personal attention to each
student, the annual intake is restricted to twenty-six students only. This means that a vast majority of theatre
workers who are keen on learning the dramatic arts are deprived of the training provided by the School. In
order to reach out to these workers and create theatre awareness in India, in 1978 the School started a
scheme of short-term teaching and training to be imparted in the local languages. Over the last 30 years and
more, the School has conducted such training workshops in almost all the regions of the country. In addition,
it has also organized and conducted a large number of intensive production-oriented and subject-oriented
workshops. To further strengthen the Extension Programme, it was decided to set up Regional Resource
Centres in four to six zones of the country. The first of these centres was set up in Bengaluru in 1994. It covers
the South Indian states Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala, as well as Puducherry. In 2011,
the School has set up Sikkim Theatre Training Centre at Gangtok, Sikkim and in 2012, TIE Wing, Tripura.
BENGALURU CENTRE, NSD
The Bengaluru centre of National School of Drama runs a full time one year Acting course particularly
focused on the cultural material of the south Indian states. The uniqueness of the course is that it tries to
create contemporary acting training method deriving from traditional training programme available in
various performing art traditions. The state of the Art new building and infrastructure are coming up in this
centre to make it a centre of excellence in near future.
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SIKKIM THEATRE TRAINING CENTRE
Extending its training programmes to the North-Eastern parts of the country, the National School of Drama
has established Sikkim Theatre Training Centre at Gangtok, Sikkim in 2011. It offers one year residential
certificate course in dramatic arts. The entire course is devoted to train participants in acting as well as in
technical aspects focusing on their own culture. The students also prepare a production every year as part of
their curriculum. Apart from imparting the extensive training, the centre also conducts theatre workshops in
and around Sikkim. In 2012, Sikkim Theatre Training Centre Repertory Company was established to engage
the students trained in the centre
T.I.E. WING, TRIPURA
In 2012, the School established National School of Drama (TIE Wing), Tripura at Agartala in collaboration with
Dept. Of Information & Cultural Affairs and Higher Education, Govt. Of Tripura. The wing offers one year
residential certificate course in Theatre-In-Education (TIE) and draws students not only from Tripura but also
from all over the North –East region of India. The course aims at preparing actors to perform for children, as
well as, theatre teachers to with children of different age groups. .
VARANASI CENTER
NSD has established fourth Centre(School) at Varanasi (UP) which has commenced session with effect from
7th July, 2018 imparting One year Certificate Course on Indian Classical Theatre. There are 20 students for the
Academic Year 2018-19 which consists of 16 male and 04 Girls. The course is progressing well and covers
practical visit to various Theatres Activities Centres, in BRM, 2019, Tour to Assam and tour to Ajanta Elora in
Feb'19.
The focus of the course is to train the classical Artists and prepare actors for the Indian Classical Theatre.
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 FESTIVALS
BHARAT RANG MAHOTSAV
Bharat Rang Mahotsav was established around two decades ago by the National School of Drama to
stimulate the growth and development of theatre across the country. Originally a National Festival
showcasing the work of the most creative theatre workers in India, it has evolved to international scope,
hosting theatre companies from around the world, and is now the largest theatre festival of Asia. In addition
to the national and international productions/performances that are staged during the Festival, the fare also
includes exhibitions, conferring of awards/tributes, interactive sessions with directors and performers for
the general public and professionals, Photographic exhibitions featuring landmark productions, Open
forums and meetings. It is an extremely beneficial input for students from the academic perspective since it
provides them with a lot of exposure with respect to theatre practices in the country and rest of the world.
Students are also involved in projects promoting interactions with various participant groups. They also get a
chance to interact with the Directors through 'Meet the Director' an open forum, run actively by the students
themselves.

NATIONAL FESTIVAL ON TRIBAL CULTURE.

National School of Drama organizes festivals of cultural expressions of the tribal communities of our country.
Up till now it has organized Adi Rang Mahotsav at Mumbai(Maharshtra),Daman Diu(UT) and Surat( Gujrat),
Adi Parab Mahotsav at Raipur(Chattisgarh) and Adi Bimb Mahotsav at Daronda village (West Bengal)and
Andaman and Nicober islands(UT). The focus of the festival is to learn from and bring forward the unseen,
unexplored cultural treasure of the tribal communities of India and to create opportunities of exchanges
between different tribal communities and the society at large.

POORVOTTAR NATYA SAMAROH & POORVOTTAR RASHTRIYA NATYA SAMAROH

Poorvottar Natya samaroh and Porvottar Rashtriya natya samaroh, two iconic festivals of National school of
Drama is dedicated to create cultural exchanges of different parts of India with its North Eastern states. In
Poorvottar Natya Samaroh, plays from North East and other states of India gets shown in North Eastern states
and in Poorvottar Rashtriya Natya Samaroh, the plays from North Eastern states gets shown in different parts
of India. These festivals sought to give representation to the creative talent that lies in the region. Both senior
and young theatre personalities have participated in the Festival, allowing a synthesis of experience and
fresh talent. While most performances are in North-Eastern languages like Assamese, Manipuri, Mizo,
Rabha, Garo and Nepali, there are also other plays in Bengali, Kannada, Marathi, Urdu and Hindi.
BAL SANGAM
Every alternate year the TIE Company organizes a national festival, Bal Sangam, which is essentially a cultural
mela with an educative objective. The Festival is an ensemble of various performing traditional art forms that
are presented by children belonging to traditional performing families, guru-paramparas and institutions. The
main objective of Bal Sangam is to encourage children to continue traditional performances so as to preserve
our cultural heritage in this rapidly changing world.
JASHNEBACHPAN
Jashnebachpan showcases the works of different theatre groups working with and for children, representing
various regions and languages from across the country. Eminent and emerging theatre directors and
established theatre groups doing plays with and for children participate in the festival with full-fledged
productions. Besides these, there are several other festivals hosted by the school from time to time in the
interest of theatre.

26 27
 SANSKAAR RANG TOLI REPERTORY COMPANY
SANSKAAR RANG TOLI REPERTORY COMPANY
Formerly called the Theatre-in-Education Company, the Sanskaar Rang Toli was established in October 1989. The Repertory Company of the National School of Drama is the performing wing of the School. It consists of a
It aims to educate children (8–17 years) through the medium of theatre. To achieve this objective, the Toli group of artistes, mostly graduates of the School. The main function of the Repertory Company is to produce
carries out the following activities: plays of high artistic merit and perform them regularly for theatre lovers in Delhi and across the country. It was
Development of creative curriculum and performance of participatory plays in schools, especially designed founded in 1964 and has performed about one hundred and fifty plays by ninety playwrights, and has worked
for children of different age groups. with more than sixty-five directors.
Organizing training workshops for teachers round the year, to create meaningful theatre with children ·
Development of skills for classroom situations aimed at making the teaching/learning process effective and
enjoyable.
Imparting of training to children in theatre and the allied arts through participation in intensive summer
workshops (May–June) and Saturday/Sunday Club (August–December). Through workshops and the
Saturday/Sunday Club, the Toli aims at integrated personality development of children.

28 29
 FORMER CHAIRPERSONS
* Dr. P.V. Rajamannar (1959–61)
* Maharaja Shri Chamaraja Wadiyar Bahadur (1961–65)
* Smt. Indira Gandhi (1965–72)
* Dr. K. P. S. Menon (1972–77)
Smt. Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya (1977–78)
Shri L.M. Singhvi (1978–82)
Ms Shanta Gandhi (1982–86)
Dr. Suresh Awasthi (1986–88)
Smt. Vijaya F. Mehta (1988–92)
Dr. P.C. Joshi (1992–96)
Dr. Chandrasekhar Kambar (1996–2001)
Shri Anupam Kher (2001–04)
Mrs. Amal Allana (2005-2013)
Shri Ratan Thiyam (2013-2017)
30
FORMER DIRECTORS
Shri Satu Sen (1959–61)
Shri E. Alkazi (1962–77)
Shri B.V. Karanth (1977–82)
Prof. B. M. Shah (1982–84)
Prof. Mohan Maharishi (1984–86)
Shri Ratan Thiyam (1987–88)
Prof. Kirti Jain (1988–95)
Prof. Ram Gopal Bajaj (1995–2001)
Prof. Devendra Raj Ankur (2001–07)
Dr. Anuradha Kapur ( 2007-2013)
Prof. Waman Kendre (2013-2018)
CURRENT OFFICE HOLDERS
Acting Chairperson: Dr. Arjun Deo Charan
Director In Charge : Prof. Suresh Sharma
*When NSD was under the administrative
control of the Sangeet Natak Akademi, the
Chairperson of the Akademi used to be the
Chairperson of the National School of
Drama as well.
31
 ACTING CHAIRMAN
He has been awarded by Sahitya Akademi , Delhi for
his book "Dharam Judh" in 1992.Dr.Charan has
also been conferred with Sangeet Natak Akademi
Award in 2012.
Dr. Arjun Deo Charan has been awarded by the
Bihari Puraskar for 2011 by K.K. Birla Foundation
for his Rajasthani poetry collection "GHAR TO EK
NAAM HAI BHAROSE RO".
Dr. Arjun Deo Charan is the founder of Rammat
Theatre Group, Jodhpur , which is one of the
prestigious theatre group of country. Dr. Charan's
plays have been performed on several National and
International theatre festivals including Bharat
Rang Mahotsav.
AWARDS
Rajasthani Sahitya Akademi - Award, 1980
Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi Award, 1992
Highest Award of Rajasthani Bhasa Sahitya Evam
Sanskriti Akademi, 1997
Rajasthan Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, 1999
Maru-Parampara Samman, 2004
Bihari Puraskar, K.K Birla Foundation, 2011
Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, New Delhi, 2012
Dr. Arjun Deo Charan
Presently, he is the Acting Chairman of India's most
prestigious theatre training school National School
Dr. Arjun Deo Charan is a noted Rajasthani poet,
of Drama.
c r i t i c , p l ay w r i g h t , t h e a t r e d i r e c to r a n d
translator.Dr. Arjun Deo Charan is a prominent
figure in Indian theatre. He shares his position in
top 10 theatre personalities of the country with
Habib Tanvir and Ratan Thiyam.
Dr. Charan was born on 10 May 1954 in the
village of Mathania, Jodhpur. His father Renvat
dan Charan also was an eminent Rajasthani poet
and socialist, who had won Sahitya Akademi
Award for his notable work Uchhalo. Charan has
been the Head of Department of Rajasthani
Langauge in the Jai Narain Vyas University,
Jodhpur. He has been selected as Chairman of
Rajasthan Sangeet Natak Akademi, Jodhpur on
26 November 2011 for three years.
32
DIRECTOR IN CHARGE & CHIEF OF REPERTORY COMPANY
SURESH SHARMA
Born in 1959, Prof. Suresh Sharma completed his
education in Lucknow. In 1982, he got his diploma in
dramatics from Bhartendu Natya Academy, Lucknow.
In 1985 he graduated from National School of
Drama, New Delhi with specialization in acting. Soon
afterwards he joined 'Sambhav', a Delhi based
theatre group, and acted in many of its prestigious
productions.
I n 19 87 - 8 8 h e e s t a b l i s h e d t h e f i r s t n o n -
governmental theatre repertory in Mandi a district of
Himachal Pradesh. From 1996-98 for a period of two
years he worked as Artistic Director of Sri Ram Centre
for Performing Arts, Delhi. In the yaer 1998 he
established the first non–governmental Residential
Theatre Academy in Mandi, Himachal Pradesh.
Prof. Sharma has been felicitated by Sahitya Kala
Parishad for his acting skill. In 1988-89 Sangeet
Natak Academy awarded Mohana a play written and
directed by Prof. Sharma as the best play under their
'Young Director's Scheme'.
Prof. Sharma has acted in more than thirty plays with
various directors and has experience of working with
almost all the eminent directors of India.
Besides directing many plays Prof. Sharma has also
done the very first Hindi translation of the book
Stanislavsky System under the title 'Stanislavsky ke
Abhinay Siddhant'.
Prof. Sharma joined National School of Drama in
August 1999 as Chief of the NSD Repertory Company
and is presently Director In-charge of the School.
33
 FACULTY
ACTING
HEMA SINGH
Associate Professor, Acting
Hema Singh, a well known actor, a graduate of NSD's Integrated course (1982), has
worked with NSD Repertory Company for 10 years. She has essayed atleast fifty major
roles under eminent national and international directors such as Ebrahim Alkazi,
Richard Schechner, B.V.Karanth, K.N. Pannikar, Habeeb Tanveer,, Om Shivpuri, B.M.
Shah, Mohan Mahirshi, Fritz Benewitz, Rodeney Marriot, Amal Allanna, and Anuradha
Kapur . She has also worked with eminent Film Directors such as , Majid Majeedi
,Shyam Benegal, and M.S.Sathyu .In the field of Direction , she has done innovative work
in the field of Parsi Theatre and presentation of Poetry on stage. Apart from 15
productions in Parsi Style to her credit she has directed plays of other genres as
well(such as Bhawai, Farce, Nautanki and Realism), She has written analytical articles
on theatre, has translated plays, and was a theatre critic for 'Jansatta', a Hindi
newspaper.
Her translation of Strindberg 'A Dream Play' has been published by Central Sahitya
Academy. She has translated Cicely Berry"s book ' Voice and the Actor' into Hindi She
has taught Voice & Speech and Acting at NSD, SRC, Madhya Pradesh Drama School and
Bhartendu Natya Academy. She has extensively travelled abroad having performed and
conducted workshops on theatre. She is a member of VASTA (Voice and Speech Trainers
Association,) and has taken master classes at VASTA Singapore, on the Traditional
Indian art of storytelling: Actor, Rasa, body and voice. Her portrayal of Imarti Devi in a T.V.
serial has fetched her 'Indian Television Academy Award' for the Best Actress.. In
2008,she was awarded with NSD's prestigious 'Manohar Singh Smriti Award' for her
contribution to theatre . She is a recipient of Central Sangeet Natak Academy Award
2017 for her contribution in the field of Theatre in Acting.
ABDUL LATIF KHATANA
Associate Professor, Acting & Chief of TIE Co.
Abdul Latif Khatana graduated from NSD in 1986 with specialization in acting. In
addition to devising, writing and directing several plays that have been nationally and
internationally performed. His notable productions are; “Oedipus the King”, “Caucasian
Chalk Circle”, “Roze-nama Haftwaar”, “Tulsi Tulsi”, “Daire”, “Kitaboon Mein Halchal”,
“Sorry Mamma”, “Top Secret”, “Flying Horse”, “Romeo & Juliet”, “Anhad” and others.
He is the founder member of Adabi Sangat Kashmir and founder Artistic Director of the
theatre group 'Kirdar'-Delhi. He was also a founder actor-teacher of Sanskaar Rang Toli
(Theatre In Education Co.) of NSD, of which he sooner became chief. He is credited with
conceptualising and organising the NSD's first ever National Theatre Festival for
children called 'JASHNE-BACHPAN', followed by another National Festival “Bal Sangam”,
of folk and traditional performing arts by children. Mr. Khatana has worked extensively
with hundreds of Schools, Institutions and NGO's to cultivate the need of theatre/drama
for children at national level. He has contributed at multiple levels in devising the
theatre/drama syllabus for NCERT for classes 1 to 12. He has notable experience of
teaching 'Acting' and Theatre/Drama in Education.
34
DINESH KHANNA
Associate Professor, Acting
A graduate from Lucknow University with a diploma in Acting from Bhartendu Natya
Academy and a post-graduate diploma in acting from the National School of Drama in
1986, Dinesh Khanna has been involved in acting, direction and teaching for the last
twenty years. Deeply interested in literature and translation, he has written several
articles on theatre. His published works include Kucch Aansu Aur Kuchh Phool and
Abhinay Chintan.
ABHILASH PILLAI
Associate Professor, Acting
Dr. Abhilash Pillai is a play director, pedagogue, and scholar of contemporary Indian
Theatre, who has directed more than 30 productions. He has directed plays in various
Indian languages and English; has contributed articles on theatre in leading publications
in India and the U.K; and has attended seminars and conducted workshops. He has also
authored a book on C.N. Sreekantan Nair – Vision and Mission of a Theatre Activist
–published by Central Sahitya Akademi. His works draw on a wide array of materials but
are presented in a contemporary aesthetic style. He has been involved in several
collaborations, international and national, and initiated the first-ever collaboration
between NSD and a Circus company in India. Among many other awards, he has received
the prestigious National Sanskriti Award 2002-03 (National Cultural Award) for
achievements in theatre, and Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Award for theatre direction in
2012.
MD. ABDUL KADIR SHAH
Assistant Professor, Movement
An NSD Alumnus (2004) is extensively trained in Manipuri Martial Art - Thang Ta, Tai chi,
Sitorio Karate, Modern Movement and Dance. He had been working with NSD Repertory
Company as an artist from 2004-2011. He has performed in major roles in plays like
Ghasiram Kotwal, 1857 Ek Safar Nama, Ram Nam Satya Hain, Acharya Tartuf among
others. He has also taken classes for Physical Fitness, Breath and Body Control & Body
Movement in NSD Repertory Company and many other theatre organisations. He has
worked as a fight & movement choreographer in more than fifteen plays of NSD & NSD
Repertory Company e.g. Uttaramcharit, Baan Bhatt Ki Aatma Katha, Poshak, Comrade
Kumbhkarna, Main Instanbul Hoon, Romeo & Juliet, Mashriki Hoor, Othelo, Hamlet etc.
He has been participating in many International theatre festival, e.g. Ibsen
Commemoration in Bangladesh, ATEC International Theatre Festival in China, Colombo
International Theatre Festival Colombo among others.
DRAMATIC LITERATURE
SANTANU BOSE
Associate Professor, World Drama, Dean Academic
Santanu Bose has created over 75 pieces of theatre over the past 32 years in various
parts of the country and the world. These have been shown extensively in India and in
different parts of Asia, Europe and Australia.
35
 FACULTY
THEATRE TECHNIQUES & DESIGN DIPANKAR PAUL
Assistant Professor, Light Design
ASHOK SAGAR BHAGAT
Professor, Theatre Architecture Dipankar Paul, A Post Graduate From Rabindra Bharati University, Kolkata with the
specialization in Dramatic Arts (Faculty of Fine Arts) And A Post Graduate from National
Ashok Sagar Bhagat, an NSD alumnus (1979) is an acclaimed lights and set designer.
School Of Drama, New Delhi with the Specialization in Design, Direction and Theatre
An SNA awardee (2002), he has been involved in the renovation and revamping of
Technique. He has been engaged with Theatre Arts practice for more than 24 years, as an
theatre buildings with modern ideas and technology. His contribution to theatre
Actor, Set Designer, Costume Designer, Light Designer and Director. His Directed Play has
technology and functioning includes the creation of a self-supporting space frame for
been Nationally and Internationally performed, in addition he has been associated with
hoisting systems, introduction of two-bar drop-curtain operation and India's first 'light-
the Children theatre activity as facilitator. Also he has been a part of some Important
soft-patching' in Abhimanch (NSD). He also gave India its first echo-shell auditorium, the
Feature Film and TV Media as well. He has keen interest in Painting Sculpting.
Chinmaya Auditorium, Delhi. Premchand Rangshalla, Patna, of the fifties stands
transformed with his introduction of a self-supporting hoisting-system and an innovative
loop counter-weights. The recently commissioned Bhaji Gursharan Auditorium, Banur, is
EXTENSION PROGRAMME
another of his landmarks, where 90-ft diameter semicircular Braille curtain works to
perfection. Prof. Bhagat was the technical director to 'Festivals of India' held in Japan,
Germany, China, Thailand, Russia, Kyrgystan, Kazakhstan, Korea and Brazil. He also
AMITESH GROVER
excelled as an art director in films like Bandit Queen and Hazaron Khwahishen Aisi. Assistant Professor, Extension Programme
Amitesh Grover (India, b.1980) studied Live & Digital Arts at University of Arts London,
AMARJIT SHARMA U.K. His work occupies the intermediate space between Theatre, Performance, and
Associate Professor, Stage Technology Interactive Art. He has created work on Grief, on Sleep, on Happiness, and on several
other ephemeral grounds of knowledge. His work has a strong orientation towards
A Delhi University graduate, Mr. Sharma joined NSD's carpentry workshop section in experiencing philosophy-in-performance. His works are shown internationally at festivals
1979 and was appointed stage technologist in 1994. He is responsible for preparing set and in theatres, galleries, public spaces, and on the internet.
designs, plans and models for staging plays and other associated events. Some of his
notable assignments have been the installation and execution of sets for more than He is the recipient of MASH FICA Award for New Media Artist (2019), Bismillah Khan
2000 plays for the Bharat Rang Mahotsav held between 1999 and 2013, for National Award for Theatre Direction (India, 2008) and was nominated for Arte Laguna
Jashnebachpan and Balsangam Rang Mahotsav held from 1998 to 2013, and for the Prize (Italy 2018), Forecast Award (HKW, Germany 2015). He has been on numerous
German Festival in India in 2000–01. He has visited Germany and Sri Lanka on official residencies including PACT Zollverein (Germany 2018), Tokyo Culture Creation Project
assignments for set execution and has designed sets for television serials. Mr. Sharma (Japan, 2013), KMAT Residency (Australia, 2011), Prohelvetia AIR (Switzerland, 2008).
also attended a programme on advanced theatre technology in Tokyo as part of the Indo- He has given prominent talks on his work at Performance Studies International ’23
Japan Cultural Exchange Programme, in 1998. He has also supervised and executed (Germany, 2017), University of Exeter (U.K. 2016), Lasalle College of Art (Singapore,
scenic designs for many plays, including 'Mangniyar Seduction' directed by Royesten 2016), National Drama Theatre (Lithuania, 2016). He has been a visiting faculty at
Abel that visited many countries across the globe. Cornell University (U.S. 2011), National Institute of Design (India, 2016-17), and Shiv
Nadar University (India, 2016-17). At present, he is Assistant Professor at National School
of Drama (India), where he teaches Performance-Making and Performance Studies. His
ARUNA KUMAR MALIK work, thoughts, and press reviews are available online <www.amiteshgrover.com>
Assistant Professor, Stage Craft
Aruna Kumar Malik born & brought up at Orissa, completed his B.F.A. in Fine Arts
(Sculpture) from Utkal University and Graduate Diploma in Acting from National School
of Drama in 2007. Since then he has been working as an actor, director, set & propos
designer. He has worked in more than 250 plays as designer & actor. He has acted in few
films and TV serials also. He has been awarded Charles Wallace India Trust Fellowship to
study advance prosthetic make up in UK. Recently, he has been awarded with Bismillah
Khan Youth Award by Sangeet Natak Akademi in 2014-15. He has conducted several
theatre workshops in many different parts of the country. He joined NSD as Assistant
Professor in May 2017

36 37
 ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL STAFF
PRADEEP K. MOHANTY
REGISTRAR
Mr. Pradeep K. Mohanty, Registrar has more than 16 years of experience in
administration before joining NSD. After serving five years in Council of Scientific and
Industrial Research he joined Miranda House as Administrative Officer and worked for
more than 11 years. He was in senior scale on completion of 8 years of service in Miranda
House.
He was also associated with conduction of workshops and training programmes on
educational administration for administrative, laboratory and library staff member in
various colleges of Delhi University. He joined on 10-07-2015 as Registrar in NSD.
He was one of the members in the delegation representing National School of Drama to
finalise plans and programmes of 8th Theatre Olympics to Togamura, Japan. He was also
Chief Administrative Co-ordinator for organising Theatre Olympics which was one of the
biggest theatre festivals in the world. Near about 500 plays and 700 ambience
performances and 250 youth forum shows were organised during 8th Theatre Olympics
in India
O.P. SAGAR
DY. REGISTRAR
With a Master in Public Administration from IGNOU, Shri O.P. Sagar joined National
School of Drama as an Accountant in 1990. He took charge as Accounts Officer in 2013
and was promoted as Dy. Registrar in 2015. He has vast administrative experience in
handling the National & International events of NSD. He visited Beijing, China as Troupe
th
Manager with NSD students to perform a students production for the period from 18 to
nd th
22 May, 2011 under Asia Theatre Education Centre 6 International Forum and also
attended 2nd edition of Asian Traditional Theatre Workshops conducted by the Central
Academy of Drama, China with NSD Students for the period from 26th Oct. to 9th Nov. 2015
at Beijing, China under presentation of UNESCO chair on Theatre Education. Over the
years, Mr. Sagar has toured different parts of the country in connection with managing
theatre Workshops, Festivals, educational tours by NSD students. He has also acted in
two plays i.e. “Circus 2004” under direction of Shri Akhilesh Khanna and “Chainpur Ki
Dastaan” under direction of Shri Amitabh Srivastava. He was committee member of
organize successfully 8th theatre Olympics 2018 from 17th Feb. to 8th April 2018 in
Delhi and 17 other cities of India.

PRODUCTION CELL
PARAG SARMAH
Production Manager
A graduate of the National School of Drama with specialization in acting, Mr. Parag
Sarmah has worked in the NSD Repertory Company for nearly twelve years as an artist
and stage manager. He has acted in more than forty-five plays. His directorial debut,
Parshuram, has been nationally acclaimed and was a part of both Nandikar National
Theatre Festival and The Bharat Rang Mahotsav. He has directed Hello Out There for the
NSD Repertory Company and has designed lights for productions like Raste, Parinati,
Bhand Duhai, Tajmahal Ka Tender, Bandi Pramath, Hazar Churasi Ki Ma,Vikhandit
Chhaya and assisted in Shatrupa, a sound and light production by the Song & Drama
Division. He is associated with many NGOs and works towards introducing younger
generation to the rich cultural heritage of Assam by organizing and conducting
workshops on Dance form, storytelling, Music and production oriented theatre
workshops, as he has indomitable desire to connect Assamese diaspora present in Delhi,
NCR to its roots. At present Mr. Sarmah is the Production Manager in the School and has
been instrumental in the successful coordination of the Poorvottar Natya Samaroh that
has been organized by the school in different parts of the country since many years.
38 39
 AUTHORITIES OF THE SCHOOL vuqdef.kdk
Acting Chairman Music Department
Arjun Deo Charan Percussionist Gr. II
Director In-charge & Chief, Repertory Company P. Vetri Boopathy
Suresh Sharma Sitarist
Registrar Shyam Rastogi
Pradeep Kumar Mohanty
Chief, Theatre-in-Education Company
Abdul Latif Khatana
Deputy Registrar
O.P. Sagar jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; 43
Head of Departments
Dean
Santanu Bose (Academic Affairs)
jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; esa izf'k{k.k 44
Dinesh Khanna (Welfare)
Production Manager
Parag Sarmah
v/;;u ds fo”k; 46
Librarian
Anil Srivastava
Accounts Officer
izos'k laca/kh ekeys 56
C. D. Tiwari
Asstt. Director (Adhoc) (Raj Bhasha Vibhag) lkekU; lwpuk 60
Chetna Vashisht
Sound Technicians
S. Manoharan foLrkj dk;ZØe 64
Stage Manager
Govind Singh Yadav
Business Manager and In Charge of AR (Accounts) ukV~; egksRlo 66
Manoj Ramela
Estate Manager
Manish Yadav LkaLdkj jax Vksyh 68
Assistant Registrar (Admn.)
Naveen Bisht
Cashier jaxeaMy 69
Anil Puri
Photographer
Deepak Kumar
ladk; 75
Information & Library Assistant
Rajan
Assistant (Store Department)
iz'kklfud o rduhdh vf/kdkjh 79
B. S. Rawat
Assistant (Director Office)
Mohinder
Assistant (Acad.)
Vijaypal Vashist
Assistant (Light & Sound Technician)
Kiran Kumar

40
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42
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ikB~;Øe dk eq[; mÌs'; Nk=ksa dks jaxeap ds fy, rS;kj djuk gS] ftlds fy, fofHkUu izdkj dh O;kogkfjd dq'kyrkvksa dks
fodflr djuk vkSj lS)kafrd tkudkjh gkfly djuk vko';d gksrk gSA v/;;u ds lHkh {ks=ksa dk vkdyu fo”k;kuqlkj fd;k
tkrk gS vkSj izR;sd esa mPpLrjh; ifj.kke dh vis{kk dh tkrh gSA ikB~;Øe dk ewy mÌs'; ,d ny dh lkewfgd lajpuk esa
l`tukRed vkSj dYiuk'khy vfHkO;fDr dks fodflr djuk jgrk gSA jaxeap dks O;olk; ds :Ik esa viukus ds bPNqd Nk=ksa dks
jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; rhu o”khZ; iw.kZdkfyd fMIyksek ikB~;Øe ds v/;;u dk volj iznku djrk gSA
44
izFke o"kZ nks l=ksa esa foHkkftr gSA izFke l= ¼tqykbZ&fnlacj½ esa vfHku;] funsZ'ku] jax rduhd vkSj vfHkdYiuk ds ewy rRoksa ds
vykok jaxeap bfrgkl] lkfgR; vkSj lkSan;Z'kkL= dk vè;;u fd;k tkrk gSA nwljs l= esa bUgha fo"k;ksa dk foLr`r vè;;u tkjh
jgrk gSA f}rh; o"kZ Hkh nks l=ksa esa foHkkftr gSA rhljk o pkSFkk l=&rhljs l= esa Nk= fo'ks"kKrk gsrq vfHku;] funsZ'ku ;k jaxeap
rduhd vkSj vfHkdYiuk esa ls ,d {ks= pqurs gSaA jaxeap bfrgkl] lkfgR; vkSj lkSan;Z'kkL= dk vè;;u tkjh jgrk gSA pkSFks l= esa
bUgha fo"k;ksa dk foLr`r vè;;u tkjh jgrk gSA rhljs o"kZ ds ikB~;Øe dk mÌs'; Nk=ksa dks vfHku;] funsZ'ku ;k jaxeap rduhd vkSj
ifjdYiuk esa mPp izf'k{k.k Ikznku djuk gSA
45
 v/;;u ds fo”k;
ukV~; lkfgR; fo'o jaxeap
vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; jaxeap ,f'k;u] ;wjksfi;u] vesfjdu] vÝ+hdu ,oa ySfVu vesfjdu ukV~; lkfgR; o izn'kZuksa ij fo'ks”k cy ds lkFk fo'o jaxeap dk
19oha lnh ds e/; ls izkjaHk gq, vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; jaxeap dk fodklØe] ledkyhu jax ifjn`'; ij fo'ks”k n`f”Vikr ds lkFk {ks=h; bfrgkl rFkk izeq[k ukV~;ys[kksa dk v/;;uA
Hkk”kkbZ jaxeap % fl)kar vkSj O;ogkjA jax LFkkiR;
'kkL=h; Hkkjrh; jaxeap ukV~;'kkL= esa of.kZr o nf{k.k iwoZ ,f'k;k] phu vkSj tkiku ds jaxeapksa ds vk/kkj ij Hkkjr vkSj vU; iwohZ ns'kksa esa jaxeap dk fodklA
laLd`rdkyhu Hkkjrh; ukV~; ,oa lkSan;Z'kkL=
laLd`r jaxeap dk bfrgkl
ukV~;'kkL= esa of.kZr ukV~; lajpuk ds vk/kkj ij pqus x, laLd`r ukVdkas dk foLr`r fo'ys”k.k o O;k[;k;
izkphu dky esa mudh izLrqfr o n'kZd rFkk ledkyhu jaxeap esa mudh lkFkZdrkA

46 47
 v/;;u ds fo”k;

Xkfr lapkyu
vfHku; vk/kqfud xfr lapkyu ds fl)kar vkSj i)fr
ok.kh ,oa lEHkk”k.k f'kYi'kkL= vkSj ukV~;'kkL= ds fl)karksa dk v/;;u
ok.kh fdl izdkj dk;Z djrh gS] vFkkZr ,d LokHkkfod fLFkj Loj izkIr djus ds vH;kl] rkfd JO;rk] Li”Vrk vkSj lqjksa ds 'kkjhfjd Hkko&Hkafxekvksa] tSls gko&Hkko] eqnzkvksa vkSj xfr lapkyu }kjk ekuoh; vuqHko vkSj xfrfof/k;ksa dh vfHkO;fDr
mrkj&p<+ko dk lkeF;Z fodflr gks O;fDr;ksa o oLrqvksa ds 'kkjhfjd voyksdu o vfHkO;fDr }kjk vfHku; ¼'kSyhc) vfHku;½
ikB o varikZB ij dke djrs gq, pfj=kuqlkj laHkk”k.k o Lojksa dh xq.koŸkk dks ryk'kukA jaxlaxhr
fofHkUu rjg dh laHkk”k.k 'kSfy;k¡] ukVd ds vkys[k ls fodflr fofHkUu /ofu;ksa vkSj rky lajpukvksa ds Kku }kjk Nk=ksa dh lkaxhfrd laosnu'khyrk esa vfHko`f)
ikjaifjd] 'kkL=h;] vk/kqfud djukA lkSUn;Z'kkL=h; lanHkZ vkSj jaxeap ds fof'k”V mi;ksxksa ds vk/kkj ij ^VksVy fFk,Vj* dh vo/kkj.kk ds lkFk jaxlaxhr dh
ledkyhu jaxeap vkfn dk Kku le> fodflr djukA
izkIr djukA vfHku; vkSj vk'kq vfHku; ¼bEizksokbZT+ks'ku½
;ksx
vfHkusrkvksa dh 'kkjhfjd vkSj Loj lac/kh izfrHkk dk ifj”dkj rFkk mudh dYiuk'khyrk vkSj laosnu'khyrk dk mi;ksx dj mudh
;ksx dk mÌs';&vkluksa] fØ;kvksa rFkk izk.kk;ke ds vH;kl }kjk Nk=ksa dks 'kkjhfjd LokLF;] lrdZrk] ykfyR;] ,dkxzrk vkSj
izfrHkk dks fu[kkjuk
mPpkj.k {kerkvksa dk iw.kZ mi;ksx djus ;ksX; cukuk gSA
ifjos'k vkSj vuqHko ds izfr tkx:drk c<+kuk rFkk vfHku; esa rduhd vkSj dkS'ky izkIr djus esa lgk;rk iznku djuk
vfHku; esa izeq[k lafgrkc) ¼dksfMQ+kbM½ fl)karksa vkSj i)fr;ksa dk v/;kiuA
48 49
71
 v/;;u ds fo”k;
funsZ'ku
dykRed vH;kl ,oa lekftd&jktuhfrd pSrU;rk ,d nwljs ls dSls laca) gaS blh dk Kku ,oa cks/k fodflr djuk bl ikB~;Øe funsZ'ku dk bfrgklA
dk mÌs'; gSA izn'kZu dh xfre;rk ls tqM+s lS)kafrd] oSpkfjd ,oa lajpukRed eqÌksa dks ;g izf'k{k.k js[kkafdr djrk gSA ;g funsZ'ku dk fl)karA
ikB~;Øe Nk=ksa dks lkekftd ljksdkj vkSj mPp O;kolkf;d ekinaMksa okyh ukV~; izLrqfr;ksa dks Lo;a dh fo'ys”k.kkRed le> }kjk vkys[k fo'ys”k.kA
funsZf'kr djus esa l{ke cukus dk iz;kl djrk gSA ukVdksa dh 'kSyh] Lo:Ik ,oa y{k.kA
LFky] LFkku] LFkkiR; dk v/;;uA funsZ'ku dh /kkjk,aA
n'kZd vkSj n'kZdksa dk n`f"VdksuAdk v/;;uA ns'k&fons'k ds fo[;kr funsZ'kdksa dk ;ksxnku ,oa fo'ks”krk,aA
vfHkdYiu] vfHku; ,oa ukV~; ys[ku ds fofHkUu igyqvksa vkSj n`f”V;ksa dk v/;;uA fofHkUu funsZ'kdksa dh jpuk izfØ;kA
lkfgR; vkSj mlds fl)karksa] /ofu vkSj laxhr] n`';kRed dyk,a] flusek] ehfM;k] jlHkko laca/k vkfn dh le> fodflr djuk funsZ'kd] vfHkusrk] ys[kd vkSj vfHkdYid ds varlZaca/kA
lkekftd&jktuSfrd ,oa lk¡Ld`frd le> fodflr djukA jaxHkk”kk fodflr djus dh izfof/kA

50 51
71
 v/;;u ds fo”k;

vfHkdYiu ,oa jax rduhd
bl ikB~;Øe dk mÌs'; Nk=ksa dh n`';&JO; dYiuk'kfDr
dk iks”k.k djds mls jaxdeZ ,oa ^ykbZo bosUV* esa iz;ksx djus
yk;d+ cukuk gSA Nk=ksa ls vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd os mPp
Lrjh; rduhd vkSj dkS'ky gkfly dj] l`tukRed fopkjksa
ds la;ksx ls ledkyhu jaxifjn`'; esa ;ksxnku ns ldsaA
jax vfHkdYiu dk bfrgkl
jax vfHkdYiu ds ewy rRo
jax vfHkdYiu ds fl)kar
jax vfHkdYiu ds y{k.k] 'kSfy;k¡ o Lisl
52
jax vfHkdYiu dh fofHkUu 'kSfy;ksa] :Ikks]a
n`';dykvksa] ukV~;Hkou] eap fo/kku vkfn dk
v/;;u
jax vfHkdYiu ,oa lkekftd ljksdkj
dyk ,oa vU; lekjksgksa dk vfHkdYiu
funsZ'ku] vfHku; ,oa ukV~; ys[ku
ds ewy rRoksa dks le>uk
izdk'k] /ofu] os'kHkw”kk] eap] :IklTtk] eYVhehfM;k
eap vfHkdYiuk
eap vfHkdYiuk dh vo/kkj.kk o n'kZu izdk'k vfHkdYiuk
eap vfHkdYiuk ds fl)kar o i)fr;k¡
eap fuekZ.k ,oa eap rduhd izdk'k vfHkdYiuk dk n'kZu ,oa lkSan;Zcks/k
eap vfHkdYiuk o ekWMy fuekZ.k ds vk/kkjHkwr fl)kar eap izdk'k dk mÌs';
izdk'k ;kstuk ¼Iyku½ o midj.k
fo|qr ,oa fLop cksMZ fu;a=.k dk cqfu;knh v/;;u
oL= vfHkdYiuk
oL= vfHkdYiuk dk bfrgkl :Ik lTtk
oL= vfHkdYiuk dh O;k[;k ,oa fofHkUu 'kSfy;k¡
:Ik lTtk dh fofHkUu 'kSfy;k¡] fl)kar vkSj vH;kl
jax LFkkiR;
;wukuh dky ls ysdj vk/kqfud dky rd if'peh jaxeap ds
fofHkUu Lo:Ikksa vkSj eap vfHkdYiuk dk Øec) fodkl
iwohZ ns'kksa esa lelkef;d jax LFkkiR; o eap ifjdYiuk]
fo'ks”kdj Hkkjrh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuwdwy vLFkkbZ ,oa LFkkbZ
eqDrkdk'kh jaxeap ,oa vU; LFkkiR; ijaijk,a 53
71
 v/;;u ds fo”k;

izLrqfr gekjs ikB~;Øe dk vfuok;Z fgLlk gSA blds varxZr fuEu

fo”k;ksa dk v/;kiu fd;k tkrk gS %&
vkys[k ls eap rd tkus dh rduhdsa
ukVdksa dh lajpuk vkSj izLrqfr dh Hkk”kk,a
funsZ'ku] vfHkdYiu ,oa vfHku; dh dyk
/ofu] laxhr rFkk n`'; vfHkdYiuk dh le>
ukVdksa dk p;u ,oa v/;;u
‘kks/k ,oa O;kid ^Q+hYM odZ* izLrqfr izfØ;k ds vge fgLls gSaA
Ikzf'k{k.k ds f}rh; o”kZ ls izLrqfr;ksa ds lkoZtfud eapu 'kq: gksrs gSaA
buesa laLd`r@;wukuh ukVd] ikjEifjd 'kSyh] Q+klZ] ;wjksfi;u
iqutkZxj.k ds ukVd] Hkkjrh; ,oa xS+j Hkkjrh; vk/kqfud ,ao
ledkyhu vkys[k vkfn ij vk/kkfjr ukV~; izLrqfr;k¡ eafpr dh tk
ldrh gSaA lHkh fo'ks”kKrkvksa ds Nk=ksa dk buesa Hkkx ysuk vfuok;Z
gSA
54
,sfizfl,'ku dkslZ vkSj dk;Z'kkyk l=
v/;;u ds mijksDr fo”k;ksa ds vfrfjDr fo|ky; Nk=ksa
ds fy, Hkkjrh; dyk ,oa LkaLd`fr ds fofHkUu i{kksa ij
,sfizfl,'ku dkslZ o dk;Z'kkykvksa dk vk;kstu djrk
gSA
fo|ky; esa izf'k{k.k ,d lE;d] O;kid vkSj lko/kkuhiwoZd fu;ksftr rhu o”khZ; ikB~;Øe ij vk/kkfjr gS ftlesa fl)kar ls ysdj
vH;kl rd jaxeap ds lHkh igyqvksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS vkSj ftlds ifj.kke ewY;k¡du gsrq O;kid tulewg ds le{k izLrqr
fd, tkrs gSaA ikB~;Øe esa jaxdeZ ls tqM+h mu lHkh egku foHkwfr;ksa dh i)fr;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS ftUgksaus lelkef;d
jaxeap ds lHkh :Ikksa vkSj vfHkO;fDr;ksa dks izHkkfor fd;k gSA
bl ikB~;Øe esa Hkkjrh;] 'kkL=h; o if'peh ukV~; ijEijkvksa] Hkkjrh; ikjEifjd vkSj yksd jaxeap] Hkkjr vkSj fons'kksa esa vk/kqfud
jaxeap izo`fŸk;ksa] fo'o dh jaxeap izo`fŸk;ksa ds ifjp; ds lkFk&lkFk Hkkjrh; jaxeap ijEijkvksa esa O;kid izf'k{k.k 'kkfey gSA
fo|ky; ds ladk; lnL; vkSj vfrfFk ladk; ftuesa Hkkjr rFkk fons'kh jaxdfeZ;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gS] ,d ekWM~;wy ds vk/kkj
ij Nk=ksa dks izfro”kZ izf'k{k.k iznku djrs gSaA bl izf'k{k.k esa d{kk esa gksus okys O;k[;ku] xgu dk;Z'kkykvksa dh ,d J`a[kyk] fQ+Ye
vkSj vU; dykvksa es ,fizfl,'ku dkslZ 'kkfey jgrs gSaA
* ikB~;Øe dks iqu% ns[kk tk jgk gS vkSj tc Hkh vko';drk gksxh bls iqu% cuk;k@rS;kj fd;k tk ldrk gSA 55
 izos'k laca/kh ekeys
vkosnu izfØ;k fons'kh mEehnokj
ukV~;&dykvksa esa rhu o"khZ; iw.kZdkfyd ikB~;Øe ds fy, bl ikB~;Øe esa fons'kh Nk= Hkh izos'k ys ldrs gSaA gkykafd lhVksa dh la[;k
bl o"kZ&2019 esa 26 Nk=ksa dk p;u fd;k tk,xkA vH;fFkZ;ksa
dks fu/kkZfjr izi= esa vkosnu djuk gSA lhfer gksus ds dkj.k ,d l= esa 1&2 ls vf/kd fons'kh Nk=ksa dks izos’k nsuk
izos'k dh izfØ;k fuEuor gS%& laHko ugha gksrkA ,sls Nk= vkosnu i= vius ns'k esa fLFkr Hkkjrh;
vkosnd fuEu esa ls fdlh Hkh fodYi dks pqu ldrk gS % nwrkokl@mPpk;ksx ds ek/;e ls tek djok,a tks mUgsa Hkkjrh; lkaLd`frd
fodYi 1 % vkosnu i= fnukad 15@03@2019 ls vkWuykbu laca/k ifj”kn~ ¼vkbZlhlhvkj½ dks vxzlkfjr djsaxsA dsoy vkbZlhlhvkj }kjk
Hkjdj fo|ky; dh oSclkbV vuq'kaflr vkosnuksa ij gh fo|ky; }kjk fopkj fd;k tk,xkA
http://www.onlineadmission.nsd.gov.in ij Nk=ksa dks vkbZ lh lh vkj }kjk fu/kkZfjr Q+WkeZ esa viuk vkosnu tek djuk
tek fd, tk ldrs gSaA QkeZ] vko';d dkxT+kkrksa ds lkFk #- gksxkA
50@& dk 'kqYd nsdj vkWuykbu tek fd, tk ldrs gSaA
vkWuykbu QkeZ Hkjus dh vafre frfFk 15@04@2019 gSA
fodYi 2 % vkosnu i= ¼fgUnh o vaxzsT+kh esa½ izkIr djus ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj ds v/khu mPp inksa ,oa lsokvksa esa HkrhZ ds fy,
Ñi;k Mhu] 'kS{kf.kd izHkkx] jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky;] cgkoyiqj ikB~;Øe dh ekU;rk
gkml] Hkxokunkl jksM] ubZ fnYyh&110001 dks fy[ksaA lkFk gh fo|ky; }kjk ukV~;dyk esa fn, tkus okys mDr fMIyksek dks Hkkjr ljdkj
#- 225@& dk ØkWLM fMek.M Mªk¶V@is&vkWMZj tks fd fnYyh ds rRdkyhu f'k{kk rFkk laLd`fr ea=ky; }kjk dsanzh; ljdkj ds v/khu mPp
esa ns; gks] Hkstsa ftlesa funs'kd] jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky;] ubZ inksa ij rFkk lsokvksa esa HkrhZ ds iz;kstukFkZ ekU;rk iznku dh xbZ gS] tgk¡
fnYyh ds i{k esa fy[kus ds vfrfjDr izHkkj dks Hkh 'kkfey djasA ukV~;dyk esa LukrdksŸkj fo'ks”kKrk vko';d gksrh gSA ;g fMIyksek
Mkd }kjk vkosnu i= izkIr djus ds vuqjks/k fnukad ukV~;dyk esa LukrdksŸkj mikf/k ds led{k gS vkSj jk-uk-fo- ds Lukrd
28@03@2019 rd fo|ky; esa igq¡p tkus pkfg,A egkfo|ky;ksa vkSj fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa f'k{kdksa ds :Ik esa fu;qfDr rFkk ih,p-Mh-
iw.kZ :Ik ls Hkjs x, vkosnu i= Mhu] 'kS{kf.kd izHkkx] jk”Vªh; iathdj.k ds fy, ;ksX; gSaA
ukV~; fo|ky;] cgkoyiqj gkml] Hkxokunkl jksM] ubZ
fnYyh&110001 rd fnukad 15@04@2019 rd ;k mlls iwoZ pqus gq, vH;fFkZ;ksa ds nkf;Ro
igq¡p tkus pkfg,A vafre frfFk ds mijkar izkIr fd, x, fdlh jk-uk-fo- esa izf'k{k.k csgn dM+k gksrk gS vkSj O;kolkf;drk vftZr djus ds
Hkh vkosnu i= dks Lohdkj ugha fd;k tk,xkA fMek.M Mªk¶+V
f'k{k.k dk ek/;e
fo|ky; esa f'k{k.k dk ek/;e fganh o vaxzst+h gS tks fd lacaf/kr fy, dBksj 'kkjhfjd ifjJe dh vko';drk gksrh gSA Nk=ksa ls ;g vis{kk dh
^dsoy vknkrk ds [k+krs esa ns;* ds :i esa js[kkafdr gksuk pkfg,A
vkosnu i= ds lkFk lHkh izek.k i=ksa dh Ikzfr;kW¡ vkSj gky esa fo”k; ij fuHkZj djrk gSA ;|fi ukVdksa dk izn'kZu tkrh gS fd jaxdk;Z gsrq vko';drkuqlkj mudk LokLF; larqfyr jgs rFkk
f[akpokbZ xbZ ikliksVZ vkdkj dh 2 Q+ksVks layXu djsaA vH;fFkZ;ksa vf/kdk'kar% fganh esa gh fd;k tkrk gSA muesa Ik;kZIr ÅtZfLork gksA vr% pqus gq, vH;fFkZ;ksa dks ekU;rk izkIr
dks lk{kkRdkj ds le; izek.k i=ksa dh ewy izfr;k¡ izLrqr djus p;u izfØ;k fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh }kjk iznŸk fpfdRlk izek.k i= izLrqr djuk gksrk gSA
dh vko';drk iM+ ldrh gSA iwjh rjg ls Hkjk x;k vkosnu Ik= vH;fFkZ;ksa dk p;u nks pj.kksa esa fd;k tkrk gSA izFke pj.k esa izR;sd Nk= ds fy, 'kkjhfjd LokLF; vfuok;Z gSA bl lca/k esa] fdlh Hkh
lacaf/kr izek.k i=ksa ds lkFk 'kS{kf.kd foHkkx] jk"Vªh; ukV~; izkjafHkd p;u fd;k tkrk gS] ftlds varxZr mEEkhnokjksa dh vafre ijh{kk ds fy, cqyk, x, vH;fFkZ;ksa dks le; fdlh Hkh Nk= ds LokLF; dh fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh }kjk tk¡p djk,
fo|ky;] cgkoyiq j gkml] Hkxokunkl jks M ] ubZ Loj&ijh{kk vFkok O;kogkfjd ijh{kk yh tkrh gS vkSj bldk f}rh; Js.kh jsyxkM+h@cl fVdV@jlhn bR;kfn tkus dk vf/kdkj fo|ky; ds ikl lqjf{kr gSA ;fn fdlh Nk= dks 'kkjhfjd
fnYyh&110001 dks Hkstk tkuk pkfg,A vk;kstu ubZ fnYyh rFkk X;kjg vU; dsUnzksa xqokgkVh] izLrqr djus ij vius x`guxj ls fnYyh fLFkr n`f”V ls vLoLFk ik;k tkrk gS rks iwjh lgkuqHkwfr ds ckotwn fo|ky; ds fy,
dksydkrk] iVuk] Hkqous'oj] pSUubZ] cSaxyq:] t;iqj] paMhx<] lk{kkRdkj ds LFkku rd fudVre~ ekxZ ls vkus rFkk ml Nk= dks fo|ky; esa v/;;u tkjh j[kus dh vuqefr nsuk laHko ugha gks
izos'k ds fy, U;wure ;ksX;rk okil tkus dk ;k=k HkŸkk ,oa nSfud HkŸkk iznku
fdlh ekU;rk izkIr Hkkjrh; vFkok fons’kh fo’ofo|ky; ls y[kuÅ+] eqEcbZ o Hkksiky esa fd;k tkrk gSA ik,xkA
izkjafHkd p;u lfefr }kjk vuq’kaflr vH;fFkZ;ksa dks ubZ fnYyh fd;k tk,xkA mUgsa fo|ky; ds Nk=kokl esa jgus p;fur Nk=ksa dks fdlh Hkh vU; Lkzksr ls dksbZ Hkh Nk=o`fŸk izkIr djus dh
LukrdA
de&ls&de N% ukVdksa esas Hkkx ysus dk vuqHkoA esa p;u ds vafre pj.k ls xqt+juk iM+rk gS ftlesa 4&5 fnu ds fy, LFkku Hkh fn;k tk,xkA vuqefr ugha gksrhA mUgsa fu/kkZfjr izi= ij bl vk'k; dk opu nsuk gksrk gS
fgUnh vkSj vaxzsT+kh dk O;kogkfjd KkuA dh ,d dk;Z'kkyk gksrh gSA vafre p;u izfØ;k esa izfrHkkxh vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr@vU; fd mUgsa fdlh vU; Lkzksr ls dksbZ Hkh Nk=o`fŸk izkIr ugha gqbZ gSA
vk;q dh lh[kus vkSj lkewfgd l`tu dh eukso`fŸk ij /;ku fn;k fiNM+k oxZ@ih MCYk;q Mh ls lacaf/kr pqus x, mEEkhnokjksa ls ;g Hkh vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd os u, l= ds igys fnu
vk;q lhek 1-7-2019 dks U;wure 18 o”kZ] vf/kdre 30 o”kZA tkrk gSA p;u izfØ;k dks vkSj foLr`r vk/kkj nsus ds fy, mEehnokjksa ds fy, vkj{k.k fo|ky; esa mifLFkr gksaA fo|ky; ,sls Nk=ksa dks Lohdkj ugha djrk] tks
Hkkjr ljdkj ds vkns’kkuqlkj vkjf{kr oxkSZ ds fy, vk;q lhek esa ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k tkrk gS fd tgk¡ rd laHko gks lds 26 lhVks esa ls vkj{k.k Hkkjr ljdkj ds fu;eksa ds 'kq:vkrh fnuksa esa gh fo|ky; esa viuh mifLFkfr ntZ ugha djk ikrs vFkok
NwV nh tkrh gS ¼vuq- tkfr@vuq- tutkfr ds vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy, vH;FkhZ vf/kd ls vf/kd jkT;ksa vkSj la?k 'kkflr izns'kksa ls pqus vk/kkj ij fn;k tk,xkA tks rhu o”kZ dh iwjh vof/k rd fo|ky; esa cus ugha jg ldrsA fo|ky; esa
5 o"kZ dh NwV½ tk,aA ijaijkxr :i ls izn'kZu dyk ls lacaf/kr ifjokjksa ds u;k l= izfro”kZ e/; tqykbZ ls izkjaHk gks tkrk gSA
56 vkosndksa dks izkFkfedrk nh tk ldrh gSA 57
 izos'k laca/kh ekeys
Nk=o`fÙk
fo|ky; pqus gq, Nk=ksa dks izfrekg :- 8]000@& (:i;s vkB gtkj ek=) dh Nk=o`fÙk iznku djrk gSA ftl
Nk= dks fo|ky; }kjk ;g Nk=o`fÙk iznku dh tkrh gS] mlls ;g vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd og :- 3]12]000@&
dk bl vk'k; dk ,d ckW.M Hkjdj fo|ky; esa izLrqr djsxk fd ;fn og rhu o"kZ ls igys gh viuk izf'k{k.k
can djus dk fu.kZ; djrk@djrh gS] ;k vuq'kklfud vk/kkj ij mls viuk izf'k{k.k can djuk iM+rk gS rks
mls og laiw.kZ jkf'k fo|ky; dks ykSVkuh iM+sxh tks mlus izf'k{k.k dh lekfIr ls iwoZ esa izkIr dh FkhA
Ckhek
p;fur mEehnokjksa dks ,d tksf[ke
+ doj ikWfylh ds varxZr yk;k tkrk gS ftlds fy, mUgsa vko';d izhfe;e
jkf'k dk Hkqxrku djuk gksrk gS tksfd yxHkx :- 150@& ls :- 200@& lkykuk ds chp gks ldrh gSA
fo|ky; bl chek doj ls ckgj dksbZ Hkh vU; ft+Eesnkjh ugha ysrkA

'kqYd ,oa tek jkf'k

pqus x, Nk=ksa dks l= vkjaHk gksus ls igys lHkh ns; 'kqYd fo|ky; esa tek djkus gksaxsA 'kqYd tek u gks ikus dh fLFkfr
esa Nk= dks fo|ky; esa izos'k ugha fn;k tk,xkA
izos'k 'kqYd #- 150@&
f'k{kk 'kqYd #- 150@& izfr ekg ikliksVZ
Nk= la?k ¼lnL;rk 'kqYd½ #- 60@& izfr ekg p;fur mEehnokjksa dks lykg nh tkrh gS fd] os jk”Vªh; UkkV~; fo|ky; esa izos'k ls igys viuk ikliksVZ rS;kj djok ysaA
O;k;ke d{kkvksa dh os'kHkw”kk dk;Z le;
gsrq jkf'k #- 1500@& ¼yxHkx½ lkekU;r% d{kk,a izkr% 8 cts ls lk;a 6 cts rd pyrh gSa ftlesa pk; vkSj eè;kg~u Hkkstu dk vodk'k Hkh
:Ik lTtk fdV ds fy, vfxze jkf'k #- 2000@& ¼lek;ksT;½ 'kkfey gSA iwokZH;kl vkSj vU; Ikz;ksxkRed dk;Z 'kke dks vko';d le; vkSj fLFkfr ds vuqlkj rFkk vodk'k ds
Tk+ekurh vkSj iqLrdky; jkf'k #- 9000@& ¼[+kkrksa ds vafre fuiVku ds ckn izR;iZ.kh;½ fnuksa esa Hkh fd, tkrs gSaA
Yks[ku lkexzh #- 1650@& vodk'k
Nk=kokl o eSl 'kqYd izR;sd 'kSf{kd o"kZ dks nks l=ksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS% izFke l= eè; tqykbZ ls eè; fnlacj rd ftlds
Nk=kokl fdjk;k #- 250@& izfrekg mijkar eè; fnlacj ls eè; tuojh rd 'khrkodk'k jgrk gS vkSj nwljk l= eè; tuojh ls eè; ebZ rd
fo|qr ,oa ty 'kqYd #- 150@& izfr ekg ¼Ikz;ksx ds fglkc ls lek;ksT;½ ftlds mijkar eè; ebZ ls eè; tqykbZ rd xzh"ekodk'k jgrk gSA fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fo|ky; }kjk blesa
fpfdRlk 'kqYd #- 100@& izfr ekg ifjorZu ;k dVkSrh dh tk ldrh gSA
eSl 'kqYd ¼nksigj ,oa jkr dk Hkkstu½ #- 1800@& izfr ekg ¼gj eghus fHkUu gksus dh laHkkouk½
Nk=ksa dks lykg nh tkrh gS fd os izos'k ds le; fdlh Hkh rjg dh d+her o`f)@mijksDr enksa esa c<+ksrjh gsrq #-
Hkkstu rFkk vkokl
yM+ds vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds fy, vyx&vyx Nk=kokl gSaA Nk=ksa ds vkokl dh O;oLFkk ,d dejs esa nks&nks Nk=ksa
1000@& dk vfrfjDr izko/kku j[ksaA
vFkok MkWjesVªh ('k;ukxkj) izd`fr dh gksrh gSA lHkh Nk=ksa ds fy, Nk=kokl esa jguk vfuok;Z gSA
58 59
19
 lkekU; lwpuk
mifLFkfr laca/kh fu;e
laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe dh rhu fofHkUu 'kh”kZ tSls ¼d½ fl)kar ¼[k½ O;ogkj] dk;Z'kkyk ,oa n`';ca/k ¼x½ izLrqfr esa mifLFkfr fxuh tk ldrh
gSa vkSj izR;sd oS;fDrd xzqi dh de ls de 75% mifLFkfr vkSj ,d l= esa dqy feykdj 75% mifLFkfr gksuh pkfg,A mDr
mifLFkfr ijh{kk esa cSBus ds fy, vfuok;Z gS] vU;Fkk ,sls Nk= fo|ky; esa viuh i<+kbZ tkjh j[kus ls oafpr jg tk;saxsA
mifLFkfr ds lkFk&lkFk lHkh d{kkvksa ds fy, le;c)rk vfuok;Z gSA rhu fnuksa rd yxkrkj d{kk esa nsj ls vkus vFkok rhu
d{kkvksa esa vuqifLFkfr dks ,d iwjs fnu dh vuqifLFkfr ds cjkcj ekuk tk,xkA rFkkfi] vioknLo:i] leqfpr dkj.k izLrqr fd,
tkus ij funs'kd vkSj ladk; ds foosd ij mi;qZDr U;wure~ mifLFkfr esa NwV nh tk ldrh gSA
Nk=ksa dh mifLFkfr ds mi;ZqDr izfr'kr dh x.kuk l= ds vk/kkj ij dh tkrh gSA mifLFkfr iw.kZ u gksus ij Nk=ksa dks ijh{kk esa cSBus
dh vuqefr ugha nh tk,xhA ,sls Nk= fo|ky; esa viuh Ik<+kbZ tkjh j[kus ds vf/kdkj ls oafpr jg tk,axsA
fo|ky; ds MkWDVj }kjk fn, x, mfpr LokLF; izek.k i= ds vHkko esa fdlh Hkh Nk= dks rhu fnu ls vf/kd dk fpfdRlk&vodk'k
ugha fn;k tk,xkA
vU; fu;e
Nk=ksa dks fo|ky; ds ckgj fdlh Hkh rjg ds vU; izf'k{k.k dh vuqefr ugha gSA
Nk=ksa dks ckgj dh lkoZtfud izLrqfr;ksa esa Hkkx ysus ;k mUgsa Lohdkj djus] pkgs og 'kkSfd+;k ;k O;kolkf;d jaxeap gksa vFkok
jsfM;ks] Vsyhfot+u ;k fQ+Yesa gksa] dh vuqefr ugha nh tk,xhA
v/;;u ds nkSjku Nk=ksa dks fdlh Hkh rjg dk jkst+xkj djus dh vuqefr ugha gSA
Nk=ksa dks vkpkj&fopkj rFkk e;kZnk dks vuq'kkflr djus okys fu;eksa ds vuqlkj vkpj.k djuk gksxkA v'kksHkuh; O;ogkj dk nks”kh
ik, tkus okys fdlh Hkh Nk= dks fuyafcr ;k fu”dkflr dj fn;k tk,xkA
fo|ky; ifjlj esa efnjk dk lsou loZFkk oftZr gSA
funs'kd dh iwokZuqefr ds fcuk Nk=ksa dks fdlh Hkh d{kk] O;k[;ku vFkok iwokZH;kl esa vfrfFk;ksa vkSj fe=ksa dks vkeaf=r djus dh
vuqefr ugha gSA
60
20
Nk=ksa ds fy, ;g vko';d gS fd mUgsa tks Hkh Hkwfedk nh tk,] os mldk fu”iknu djsaA mUgsa iwokZH;kl esa lgHkkfxrk djuh gksxh
vkSj
f'k{kdksa vkSj funsZ'kdksa dh vis{kkuqlkj viuh Hkwfedk dk fuokZg djuk gksxkA
Nk=ksa dks vius fy, fufnZ”V lHkh vko';d iqLrdksa] lkt&lkeku vFkok midj.kksa dh Lo;a O;oLFkk djuh gksxhA bl rjg dh
lkexzh
fo|ky; ds HkaMkj esa Hkh miyC/k gksrh gS ftldh d+her dh fo|kFkhZ dh Nk=o`fŸk ls dVkSrh dh tkrh gSA
Nk=ksa dks Nk=kokl] eSl rFkk iqLrdky; ls lacaf/kr lHkh fu;eksa dk ikyu djuk gksxkA
Nk=ksa }kjk bu fu;eksa dks rksM+us dh fLFkfr esa muds fo#) vuq'kklfud dk;Zokgh dh tk,xhA
jSfxax ij izfrca/k
pqus x, Nk=ksa vkSj muds vfHkHkkodksa dks Nk=ksa ds vPNs vkpj.k dk fo'okl fnykus gsrq fu/kkZfjr izi= esa ,d opu nsuk gksxkA bl
opu dk mYya?ku djus ij mfpr dk;Zokgh dh tk ldrh gS ftlesa fuyacu@fu”dklu Hkh 'kkfey gks ldrk gSA mPp U;k;ky;
ds MCY;w- ih- ¼lh½ la- 656@1998 fnukad 4-5-2001 ds vkns'kkuqlkj bl rjg dk opu fn, tkus dh vko';drk gS] ftldk
lacaf/kr Hkkx fuEu izdkj ls rS;kj fd;k x;k gS %
^^izos'k gsrq foKkiu izdkf'kr djrs le; ls gh laLFkku }kjk jSfxax ds fo#) eqfge vkjaHk dj nh tkuh pkfg,A izos'k gsrq fo|kfFkZ;ksa
ds fy, tkjh dh tkus okyh foojf.kdk] vkosnu i= vkSj@;k vU; fyf[kr lkexzh esa Li”V rkSj ij ;g mfYyf[kr fd;k tk, fd
laLFkku esa jSfxax iw.kZr% izfrcaf/kr gS vkSj tks Hkh dksbZ jSfxax esa 'kkfey ik;k tk,xk mldks ;Fkksfpr naM fn;k tk,xkA ,sls naM esa
laLFkku ls fu”dklu] laLFkku ;k d{kkvksa ls lhfer vof/k ds fy, fuyacu ;k tqekZus ds lkFk&lkFk lkoZtfud rkSj ij {kek&;kpuk
'kkfey gks ldrs gSaA fuEu rjhd+s Hkh naM esa 'kkfey fd, tk ldrs gSa %
¼1½ Nk=o`fŸk ;k vU; izdkj ds ykHkksa ij jksd
¼2½ xfrfof/k;ksa esa izn'kZu ls oafpr gksuk
¼3½ ifj.kke ij jksd
¼4½ Nk=kokl ;k eSl vkSj vU; LFkkuksa ls fuyacu ;k fu”dkluA
;fn jSfxax dks jksdus gsrq dksbZ d+kuwu miyC/k gks ;k fdlh Hkh rjg dh lafof/k@v/;kns'k dk izko/kku gks rks mls izos'k pkgus okys
fo|kFkhZ o mlds ekrk&firk dks fn[kk;k tkuk pkfg,A
izos'k@ukekadu gsrq Nius okys vkosnu izi= esa ,d 'kiFk i= gksuk pkfg,] ftlesa jSfxax ;k jSfxax djus ij Nk=ksa dks feyus okys
naM ds ckjs esa vkSj jSfxax ds izfr laLFkku ds n`f”Vdks.k ds ckjs esa tkudkjh gks vkSj tks vH;FkhZ }kjk Hkjk vkSj gLrk{kfjr fd;k tk,A
blh rjg dk ,d 'kiFk i= vkosnd ds ekrk&firk@vfHkHkkod ls Hkh fy;k tkuk pkfg,A
,sls laLFkku tks fd bl rjg dh iz.kkyh igyh ckj vius laLFkku esa vkjEHk dj jgs gksa] ;g lqfuf'pr dj ysa fd vxyk 'kS{kf.kd
o”kZ@l= izkjaHk gksus ls iwoZ os laLFkku esa igys ls gh v/;;u dj jgs Nk=ksa vkSj muds vfHkHkkodksa ls Hkh mDr 'kiFk i= izkIr dj
ysaA**
61
 lkekU; lwpuk
ys[ku lkexzh ,oa vU; midj.k
Nk=ksa dks dsoy d{kk dk;ksZa gsrq fo|ky; ls MªkWbax isij] ekmaV cksMZ vkSj ydM+h fu%'kqYd iznku dh tk,xhA 'ks”k lkexzh Nk=ksa dks
Lo;a [+kjhnuh gksxhA viuk lkeku o futh pht+sa j[kus ds fy, gj Nk= dks ,d ykWdj fn;k tk,xkA izos'k ysus ij Nk=ksa dks
vko';d ikB~;&iqLrdsa o :Ik&lTtk lkexzh Hkh [+kjhnuh gksxh ftudh dqy d+her yxHkx 3000@& #- gksxhA
ijh{kk] ewY;k¡du rFkk d{kksUufr
izR;sd l= ds nkSjku vkSj var esa Nk=ksa ds dk;Z dk ewY;k¡du fd;k tk,xk] ftlds varxZr fu;fer dk;Z] ifj;kstukvksa vkSj
izLrqfr;ksa esa Nk=ksa dh Hkkxhnkjh ds lkFk&lkFk iwjs l= esa rFkk ijh{kk esa muds }kjk fd, x, izn'kZu ij Hkh fopkj fd;k tk,xkA
fMIyksek iznku djus ds fy, ,d l= ls vxys l= rd ds vkSj mlds vkxs ds l=ksa ds ewY;k¡duksa dks /;ku esa j[kk tk,xkA dqy
izkIr vadksa ds fy, ekfld vFkok vkof/kd ijh{kkvksa esa Nk=ksa }kjk lS)kafrd vkSj O;kogkfjd fo”k;ksa esa izkIr dqy vadksa ds vkSlr ds
50 izfr'kr vad l=kar ijh{kkvksa esa muds }kjk izkIr dqy vadksa ds 50 izfr'kr esa tksM+s tk,axsA ,slk izR;sd o”kZ esa fd;k tk,xkA
fMIyksek dh ;ksX;rk izkIr djus ds fy, r`rh; o vafre o”kZ esa izR;sd o”kZ esa izkIr vadksa dk vkSlr fudkyk tk,xkA
lHkh ijh{kkvksa vkSj ewY;k¡duksa dks ¼izR;sd fo”k; esa 100 vad½ vad iz.kkyh ds rgr vad i= esa n'kkZ;k tk,xkA
62
Nk=ksa dh d{kksUufr nwljs vkSj pkSFks l= ds var esa ;kfu fd igys vkSj nwljs o”kZ ds var esa gksxhA rhljs o”kZ ds NBs l= ds var esa
Nk= mŸkh.kZ gksaxsA vafre ifj.kke esa Nk= }kjk izkIr lap;h vad fcanq&vkSlr ¼dqy vad½ 'kkfey gksaxsA
ijh{kk mŸkh.kZ djus ds fy, Nk=ksa dks izR;sd fo”k; esa 40 izfr'kr vkSj dqy 50 izfr'kr vad izkIr djus gksaxsA ;fn dksbZ Nk= fdUgha
nks fo”k;ksa esa 40 izfr'kr vad ugha yk ikrk@ikrh] rc mls bl 'krZ ij vuqiwjd ijh{kk esa cSBus dh vuqefr nh tk,xh fd mlds
mu fo”k;ksa dk dk;Z lkewfgd izÑfr dk ugha gS vkSj mlus dqy ;ksx esa 50 izfr'kr vad izkIr dj fy, gSaA blfy, ;fn dksbZ Nk=
izLrqfr ;k fdlh ,sls fo”k; tks lkewfgd izÑfr dk gS] esa lgHkkxh ugha gks ikrk ;k mlus dqy ;ksx esa 50 izfr'kr ls de vad izkIr
fd, gSaArks ,slh fLFkfr esa vuqiwjd ijh{kk dk izko/kku ugha gksxk vkSj Nk= dks fo|ky; NksM+uk iM+sxkA
Nk= ds fdlh Hkh fo”k; esa vuqŸkh.kZ gksus ij 'kh?kz gh vuqiwjd ijh{kk yh tk,xhA ;fn bl rjg dh ijh{kk igys] rhljs vkSj ik¡posa
l= esa yh tkrh gS rks bl ijh{kk ds vad okf”kZd ijh{kk dh vad x.kuk esa tksM+s tk,axsA
fo|ky; dh 'kS{kf.kd ifj”kn~ bl iz.kkyh dh fof/kor~ leh{kk djus ds ckn ifjorZu dk dkj.k crkrs gq, bu fu;eksa esa vko';d
ifjorZu djus gsrq iw.kZ :Ik ls l{ke gSA bl lanHkZ esa Nk= 'kS{kf.kd ifj”kn~ dk fu.kZ; ekuus ds fy, ck/; gksaxsA
63
 foLrkj dk;ZØe
foLrkj dk;ZØe csaxyq: dsUnz] jk-uk-fo-
jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ukV~;&dyk esa rhu o”khZ; ,dh—r izf'k{k.k iznku djkrk gSA rnqijkar LukrdksŸkj fMIyksek iznku fd;k csaxyq: dsUnz] jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; dh vksj ls ,d o”khZ; vfHku; izf'k{k.k dk vk;kstu djrk gS] ftldk izeq[k mÌs'; nf{k.k
tkrk gSA D;ksafd bl izf'k{k.k esa izR;sd Nk= dks ukV~;&dyk ds cqfu;knh rRoksa dh f'k{kk nh tkrh gS vkSj ml ij O;fDrxr :Ik ls Hkkjrh; dykvksa dks vkxs c<+kuk gSA bldh fo'ks”krk lelkef;d vfHku; izf'k{k.k vkSj ijEijkxr izf'k{k.k nksuksa ds ek/;e ls
/;ku fn;k tkrk gS] vr% vafre izos'k 26 Nk=ksa rd lhfer j[kk x;k gS ftlds pyrs fu'p; gh ukV~;dyk lh[kus ds bPNqd
vf/kdka'k jaxdehZ fo|ky; esa iznŸk izf'k{k.k ls ykHkkfUor ugha gks ikrsA vfHku; dks izLrqr djuk vkSj mldh yxkrkj [kkst tkjh j[kuk gSA jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; o jkT; dh vksj ls dyk dks thfor
j[kus ds fy, ,d u, Hkou dk fuekZ.k tkjh gS] ftlls bls Hkfo”; esa vkSj vkxs c<+us dk ekSdk feysA
bu jaxdfeZ;ksa rd igq¡pus rFkk laiw.kZ Hkkjr esa jaxeap ds izfr tkx:drk iSnk djus dh n`f”V ls jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; us 1978 esa
vYidkfyd v/;kiu vkSj LFkkuh; Hkk”kkvksa easa ukV~; izf'k{k.k dh ;kstuk vkjaHk dhA blds rgr fiNys 30 ls Hkh T+;knk o”kksZa esa
fo|ky; us bl rjg ds izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe ns'k ds yxHkx gj {ks= esa vk;ksftr fd, gSaA blds vfrfjDr vusd xgu izLrqfrijd rFkk
fo”k;ksUeq[k dk;Z'kkyk,a Hkh lapkfyr dh gSaA
fo|ky; }kjk foLrkj dk;ZØe dks vkSj vf/kd lqn`<+ djus ds mÌs'; ls ns'k ds 4&6 {ks=ksa esa {ks=h; lalk/ku dsUnz LFkkfir djus dk
fu.kZ; fy;k x;k Fkk ftlds rgr 1994 esa igyk dsUnz] csaxyq: esa LFkkfir dj dukZVd] vka/kz izns'k] rfeyukMq] dsjy rFkk ik¡fMpsjh
tSls jkT;ksa dks blds varxZr yk;k x;kA

flfDde jaxeap izf'k{k.k dsUnz

ns'k ds mŸkj&iwohZ Hkkxksa esa vius izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa dk foLrkj djrs gq, fo|ky; }kjk 2011 esa xaxVksd] flfDde esa jk”Vªh; ukV~;
fo|ky; flfDde jaxeap izf'k{k.k dsUnz dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA ;g jaxdyk esa ,d o”khZ; vkoklh; izek.ki= ikB~;Øe iznku djrk
gSA leLr ikB~;Øe dk mÌs'; izfrHkkfx;ksa dks vfHku; ds lkFk&lkFk rduhdh igyqvksa eas izf'k{k.k iznku djuk gSA blds vykok]
dsUnz flfDde vkSj vkl&ikl ds {ks=ksa eas jax dk;Z'kkykvksa dk vk;kstu Hkh djrk gSA 2012 esa] dsUnz esa izf'kf{kr Nk=ksa dh lgHkkfxrk
lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, flfDde jaxeap izf'k{k.k dsUnz esa jaxeaMy dh LFkkiuk Hkh dh xbZ gSA

Vh-vkbZ-bZ-] f=iqjk
bl bdkbZ }kjk fFk;sVj&bu&,twds'ku ¼Vh-vkbZ-bZ-½ esa ,d o”khZ; vkoklh; izek.k&i= ikB~;Øe iznku djrk gS vkSj u dsoy
f=iqjk vfirq Hkkjr ds laiw.kZ mRkj&iwohZ {ks= ls Nk=ksa dks pquk tkrk gSA bl ikB~;Øe dk mn~ns'k; cPpksa ds fy, izn'kZu djus gsrq
vfHkusrkvksa dks rS;kj djuk] lkFk gh fofHkUu vk;q oxZ ds cPpksa dks fFk;sVj i<+kus ds fy, f'k{kdks dks izf'k{k.k nsuk gSA
64
okjk.klh dsUnz
jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; us okjk.klh ¼m-iz-½ esa pkSFkk dsUnz ¼Ldwy½ LFkkfir fd;k gSA fnukad 7 tqykbZ 2018 ls vkjaHk bl dsUnz ds l=
esa ^Hkkjrh; 'kkL=h; jaxeap* ij ,d o”khZ; izek.k&i= ikB~;Øe iznku fd;k tk jgk gSA 'kSf{kd o”kZ 2018&19 ds fy, 20
Nk=@Nk=kvksa dk p;u gqvk gS ftlesa 16 Nk= gSa vkSj 04 Nk=k,a gSaA ikB~;Øe Hkyh&Hkkafr vkxs c<+ jgk gS vkSj blds varxZr
Qjojh 2019 esa fofHkUu jaxeaph; xfrfof/k dsUnzksa] Hkkjr jax egksRlo 2019] vle vkSj vtark ,yksjk dk O;kogkfjd :i ls nkSjk
fd;k x;kA
ikB~;Øe dk Qk+sdl 'kkL=h; dykdkjksa dks izf'k{k.k nsuk vkSj Hkkjrh; 'kkL=h; jaxeap ds fy, vfHkusrkvksa dks rS;kj djuk gSA
65
 ukV~; egksRlo
Hkkjr jax egksRlo
jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; us 19 o”kZ iwoZ ns'k ds jaxdeZ ds fodkl vkSj lao/kZu ds fy, Hkkjr jax egksRlo dh 'kq:vkr dhA vius
izkjfEHkd nkSj esa bl ukV~;ksRlo eas Hkkjrh; jaxdfeZ;ksa dh izLrqfr;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk Fkk] ysfdu fiNys dqN o”kksZa ls blesa fo'o
ds vU; Hkkxksa ls Hkh ukV~; izLrqfr;ksa dks vkeaf=r fd;k tkus yxk gS vkSj vkt ;g ,f'k;k dk lcls cM+k ukV~; lekjksg cu pqdk gSA
jk”Vªh;&varjkZ”Vªh; izLrqfr;ksa@izn'kZuksa ds eapu gksus ds lkFk&lkFk Nk;kfp= izn'kZfu;k¡] iqjLdkj lekjksg] funsZ'kdksa vkSj dykdkjksa
ds lkFk vke turk o vU; O;kolkf;d jaxdfeZ;ksa dh vUrjax ckrphr] ifjlaokn vkfn bl lekjksg dk vfHkUu vax gSaA jaxeap ds
fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, ;g vR;ar ykHkdkjh vk;kstu fl) gqvk gSA ns'k&fons'k dh jax'kSfy;ksa@izo`fŸk;ksa dk jlkLoknu djus ds vykok
Nk=ksa dks fofHkUu ukV~;nyksa ds lkFk feyus dk volj rks izkIr gksrk gh gS] Lo;a Nk=ksa }kjk vk;ksftr ^ehV n Mk;jsDVj* dk;ZØe esa
izk;% lHkh ukVdksa ds funsZ'kdksa ls [kqyh ckrphr dk ekSd+k Hkh feyrk gSA
iwoksZÙkj ukV~; lekjksg
iwoksZÙkj ukV~; lekjksg vkSj iwoksZÙkj jk”Vªh; ukV~; lekjksg] lkaLd`frd /kjksgj dks ,d izns'k ls nwljs izns'k rd igq¡pkus dk lkFkZd
iz;kl gSaA iwoksZÙkj ukV~; lekjksg esa mÙkj&iwoZ ds ukVd vkSj ns'k ds vU; jkT;ksa ds ukVdks dk izn'kZu fd;k tkrk gS( vkSj iwoksZÙkj
&jk”Vªh; ukV~; lekjksg ds varxZr mÙkj&if'pe jkT;ksa dh ukV~; izLrqfr;k¡ vU; jkT;ksa esa iznf'Zkr dh tkrh gSA blds }kjk mu
lHkh dykdkjksa dks ekSd+k feyrk gS tks fd vius dk;Z esa fuiq.k gaS] lHkh cM+s vkSj NksVs dykdkj vkSj u, mHkjrs dykdkj Hkh blesa
Hkkx ys ldrs gSA lHkh izn'kZu mÙkj&iwohZ Hkk”kkvksa esa tSls vleh] ef.kiqjh] fet+ks] jkHkk] xkjks vkSj usikyh esa izLrqr fd;s tkrs gSaA
blds vykok caxkyh] dUuM+] ejkBh] mnwZ vkSj fgUnh Hkk”kk ds ukVdksa dk Hkh izn'kZu gksrk gSA
66
cky&laxe
izR;sd nwljs o”kZ laLdkj jax Vksyh ,d jk”Vªh; Lrj dk mRlo vk;ksftr djrh gS] ftldk Lo:Ik ewyr% ,d lkaLÑfrd esys dh rjg
gksrk gS vkSj mÌs'; 'kSf{kdA cky laxe esa ikjEifjd dyk ifjokjksa] xq#&f'k”; ijEijk vFkok laLFkkuksa ds cPps fofHkUu ikjEifjd
yksd dykvksa dk izn'kZu djrs gSaA cky laxe dk izeq[k mÌs'; cPpksa dks viuh ikjEifjd yksd dykvksa ls tqM+s jgus ds fy,
izksRlkfgr djuk gS rkfd vkt ds bl rst+h ls cnyrs ;qx esa gekjh lkaLÑfrd /kjksgj lajf{kr jg ik,A
t'u&,&cpiu
bl ukV~; lekjksg esa ns'k ds fofHkUu izkUrksa vkSj Hkk”kkvksa ds ,sls ukV~; ny lfEefyr gksrs gSa tks cPpksa ds fy, vFkok cPpksa }kjk fd,
tk jgs jaxdeZ ls tqM+s gksaA ofj”B] vuqHkoh ukV~; funsZ'kdksa ds lkFk&lkFk uoksfnr izfrHkk,a Hkh viuh izLrqfr;ksa dk eapu bl ukV~;
lekjksg esa djrh gSaA
vkfnoklh leqnk;ksa dk jk”Vªh; lekjksg
jk-uk-fo- }kjk vk;ksftr vkfnoklh leqnk;ksa dk jax egksRlo] ftlesa gekjs ns'k dh lHkh vkfnoklh iztkfr;k¡ 'kkfey gksrh gSaA vHkh
rd vkfn jax egksRlo eqEcbZ¼egkjk”Vª½] neu nho ¼dsUnz 'kkflr izns'k½ vkSj lwjr ¼xqtjkr½ esa Hkh vk;ksftr gqvk gSA blds vykok
jk;iqj ¼NÙkhlx<+½ esa vkfn&ioZ egksRlo] vkSj vkfn fcEc egksRlo /kjksUnk xk¡o ¼if'pe caxky½ vkSj vaMeku vkSj fudksckj
vkbZyS.M ¼dsUnz 'kkflr izns'k½ esa vk;ksftr fd;k x;kA bl egksRlo dk eq[; mÌs'; vkfnoklh jaxdyk dh tkudkjh izkIr djuk
vkSj bu lHkh vkfnoklh leqnk;ksa ds fy, csgrj ekSd+s ryk'kuk gS] ftlls vkfnoklh leqnk;ksa dks nwljs jaxdfeZ;ksa ds lkFk ,d:irk
dk ekSdk feysA
bu ukV~;ksRloksa ds vfrfjDr] fo|ky; le;&le; ij] jaxeap ds lao/kZu ds fy, dbZ vU; lekjksgksa dk Hkh vk;kstu djrk gSA
67
 laLdkj jax Vksyh
laLdkj jax Vksyh
laLdkj jax Vksyh] tks fd igys fFk,Vj bu ,tqds'ku daiuh ds uke ls tkuh tkrh Fkh] dh LFkkiuk vDVwcj 1989 esa dh xbZ Fkh]
ftldk mÌs'; cPpksa ¼8&17 o”kZ½ dks jaxeap ds ek/;e ls f'k{kk iznku djuk gSA vius bl mÌs'; dh iwfrZ ds fy, Vksyh fuEu dk;Z
djrh gS %&
fo'ks”k :Ik ls fofHkUu vk;q oxZ ds cPpksa ds fy, ifjdfYir l`tu'khy ikB~;ppkZ vkSj lgHkkfxrk okys ukVdksa dh vyx&vyx
fo|ky;ksa esa izLrqfrA
f'k{kdksa ds fy, o”kZ Hkj izf'k{k.k dk;Z'kkykvksa dk vk;kstu djukA
d{kk@f'k{k.k izfØ;k dks izHkkoh o lq[kn cukus ds mÌs'; ls d{kk fLFkfr;ksa ds fy, fo'ks”k dkS'ky dk fodklA
cPpksa ds fy, xzh”edkyhu xgu jaxeap dk;Z'kkyk ¼ebZ&twu½ ,oa 'kfuokj@jfookj Dyc ¼vxLr&fnlacj½ dk lnL; cukdj mUgsa
jaxeap ds ek/;e ls izf'k{k.k iznku djukA bu dk;Z'kkykvksa o 'kfuokj@jfookj Dyc }kjk jaxeap rFkk lac) dykvksa ds ek/;e ls
Vksyh dk mÌs'; cPpksa ds lexz O;fDrRo dk fodkl djuk gSA
68
jk-uk-fo- jaxeaMy
jk-uk-fo- jaxeaMy
jk-uk-fo- jaxeaMy] fo|ky; dk ,d izLrqfr Lda/k gSA blds varxZr dykdkjksa dk ,d ny ftlesa vf/kdka'kr% fo|ky; ds gh
Lukrd gSa] dk;Z djrk gSA jaxeaMy dk eq[; dk;Z fnYyh vkSj ns'k ds vU; Hkkxksa esa jaxeap izsfe;ksa ds fy, mPp&dykRed izfreku
okys ukVdksa dk fuekZ.k vkSj mudk fu;fer izn'kZu djuk gSA bldh LFkkiuk 1964 esa gqbZ vkSj vc rd blds }kjk 90 ukVddkjksa
ds 150 ukVd iznf'kZr fd, tk pqds gSa vkSj blds dykdkjksa dks ns'k o fons'k ds 65 tkus&ekus funsZ'kdksa ds lkFk dke djus dk
lqvolj Hkh izkIr gqvk gSA o”kZ 2014] jaxeaMy dh Lo.kZ t;arh ds :Ik esa euk;k x;k FkkA
69
 fo|ky; ds HkwriwoZ v/;{k fo|ky; ds HkwriwoZ funs'kd
Jh lkrq lsu ¼1959&61½
*MkW- ih- oh- jkteUukj ¼1959&61½ Jh bZ- vYdkT+kh ¼1962&77½
*Ekgkjktk Jh pkejkt okfM;kj cgknqj ¼1961&65½ Jh c- o- dkjar ¼1977&82½
*Jherh bafnjk xka/kh ¼1967&72½ izks- ch- ,e- 'kkg ¼1982&84½
*MkW- ds-ih-,l- esuu ¼1972&77½ izks- eksgu egf”kZ ¼1984&86½
Jherh deyk nsoh pV~Vksik/;k; ¼1977&78½ Jh jru fFk;e ¼1987&88½
Jh ,y- ,e- fla?koh ¼1978&82½ izks- ¼lqJh½ dhfrZ tSu ¼1988&95½
lqJh 'kkark xk¡/kh ¼1982&86½ izks- jkexksiky ctkt ¼1995&2001½
MkW- lqjs'k voLFkh ¼1986&88½ izks- nsosUnz jkt vadqj ¼2001&2007½
Jherh fot;k ,Q- esgrk ¼1988&92½ MkW- vuqjk/kk diwj ¼2007&2013½
MkW- ih- lh- tks'kh ¼1992&96½ izks- okeu dsUnzs ¼2013&2018½
MkW- panz'ks[kj dEckj ¼1996&2001½
Jh vuqie [ksj ¼2001&2004½
Jherh vkeky vYykuk ¼2005&2013½
Jh jru fFk;e ¼2013&2017½ orZeku inkf/kdkjh
dk;Zokgd v/;{k % MkW- vtqZu nso pkj.k
izHkkjh funs'kd% izks- lqjs'k 'kekZ

*tc jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; laxhr ukVd vdknseh ds

iz'kklfud fu;a=.k esa Fkk rc vdknseh ds v/;{k] jk”Vªh; ukV~;
fo|ky; ds Hkh la;qDr :Ik ls v/;{k FksA

70 71
 dk;Zokgd v/;{k
MkW- vtqZu nso pkj.k
vtqZu nso pkj.k ,d izfl} jktLFkkuh dfo] vkykspd]
ukVddkj] fFk;sVj funsZ'kd vkSj vuqoknd gaSA Hkkjrh; jaxeap
ds izfrf”Br O;fDro gSaA mUgsa ns'k ds 10 eq[; jaxeap
O;fDrRoksa esa gchc ruohj ,oa jru fFk;e tSls fnXxtksa ds
lkFk fxuk tkrk gSA MkW- pkj.k dk tUe 10 ebZ 1954 dks
tks/kiqj ds eFkkuh;k xkao eas gqvk FkkA muds firk js.kor nku
pkj.k Hkh ,d iz[;kr jktLFkkuh dfo vkSj lektoknh Fks
ftUgsa muds egRoiw.kZ dk;Z mPNkyks ds fy, lkfgR; vdkneh
iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA pkj.k] t; ukjk;.k O;kl
fo'ofo|ky;] tks/kiqj esa jktLFkkuh Hkk”kk foHkkx ds izeq[k jgs
gSaA mUgsa 26 uoacj 2011 dks jktLFkku laxhr ukVd vdkneh]
tks/kiqj ds v/;{k ds :Ik esa rhu lky ds fy, pquk x;k FkkA
72
1992 esa mudh iqLrd ^^/keZ tq/k** ds fy, mUgsa lkfgR;
vdkneh] fnYyh essa lEekfur fd;k x;kA o”kZ 2012 esa Jh
pkj.k dks laxhr ukVd vdknseh ds iqjLdkj ls Hkh lEekfur
fd;k x;kA
vtqZu nso pkj.k dks 2011 esa ds-ds-fcM+yk Q+kmaMs'ku }kjk
buds jktLFkkuh dfork laaxzg ^^?kj rks ,d uke gS Hkjksls jks**
ds fy, fcgkj iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA
jEer fFk;sVj xzqi] tks/kiqj ds laLFkkid gSa] ftls ns'k ds
izfrf”Br jax&lewgksa essa 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA MkW- pkj.k ds
ukVdksa dh izLrqfr dbZ jk”Vªh; ,oa varjkZ”Vªh; jaxeap lekjksgksa
esa dh xbZ gS] ftlesa Hkkjaxe Hkh 'kkfey gSA
iqjLdkj
jktLFkkuh lkfgR; vdkneh & iqjLdkj] 1980
lkfgR; vdkneh] ubZ fnYyh iqjLdkj] 1992
jktLFkkuh Hkk”kk lkfgR; ,oe~ laLd`fr vdkneh dk loksZPp
iqjLdkj] 1997
jktLFkku laxhr ukVd vdkneh iqjLdkj] 1999
ek:&ikjEik lEeku] 2004
fcgkjh iqjLdkj] ds-ds- fcM+yk Q+kmaMs'ku] 2011
laxhr ukVd vdkneh iqjLdkj] ubZ fnYyh] 2012
orZeku esa] os jktLFkku ls igys ,sls O;fDr gSa ftUgsa Hkkjr ds
izfrf”Br jax&laLFkku jk”Vzh; ukV~; fo|ky; dk dk;Zdkjh
v/;{k cuk;k x;kA
izHkkjh funs'kd ,oa jaxeaMy izeq[k
izks- lqjs'k 'kekZ dks muds vfHku; dkS'ky ds fy, lkfgR; dyk
ifj”kn~ }kjk lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA o”kZ 1988&89 esa laxhr
ukVd vdknseh }kjk vk;ksftr ^;qok funsZ'kd dh ;kstuk* ds
varxZr izks- 'kekZ }kjk Lo fyf[kr ,oa funsZf'kr ^eksg.kk* ukVd
dks Js”B ukVd ds fy, iqjLÑr fd;k x;kA
izks- 'kekZ us fofHkUu funsZ'kdksa ds lkFk rhl ls Hkh vf/kd ukVdksa
esa vfHku; fd;k gS vkSj Hkkjr ds yxHkx lHkh iz[;kr funsZ'kdksa
ds lkFk dk;Z djus dk mudk vuqHko jgk gSA
dbZ ukVdksa dks funsZf'kr djus ds vfrfjDr izks- 'kekZ us
^LrkfuLykoLdh ds vfHku; fl)kar* 'kh”kZd ds varxZr
LrkfuLykoLdh flLVe iqLrd dk loZizFke fgUnh vuqokn Hkh
fd;k gSA
izks- 'kekZ us vxLr 1999 esa jkukfo jaxeaMy izeq[k ds :i esa
dk;ZHkkj xzg.k fd;k vkSj orZeku esa os fo|ky; ds izHkkjh
funs'kd gSaA
izks- lqjs'k 'kekZ
Ok”kZ 1959 esa tUes] izks- lqjs'k 'kekZ us viuh f'k{kk&nh{kk y[kuÅ ls
iw.kZ dhA o”kZ 1982 esa HkkjrsUnq vdknseh] y[kuÅ ls mUgksaus
ukV~;dyk esa fMIyksek izkIr fd;kA o”kZ 1985 esa vfHku; esa
fo'ks”kKrk ds lkFk mUgksaus jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky;] ubZ fnYyh ls
Lukrd dh mikf/k izkIr dhA blds rnksijkUr gh os fnYyh fLFkr
jaxeap xzqi ^laHko* esa 'kkfey gq, vkSj bl xzqi dh dbZ mRєV
izLrqfr;ksa esa vfHku; fd;kA
Ok”kZ 1987&88 esa mUgksaus fgekpy izns'k ds ft+yk eaMh esa igyk
,dek= x+Sj&ljdkjh jaxeaMy LFkkfir fd;kA o”kZ 1996&98 rd
nks o”kZ dh vof/k ds nkSjku mUgksaus Jhjke lsaVj Q+kWj ijQksfeZax
vkV~lZ] fnYyh esa crkSj dykRed funs'kd ds :i esa dk;Z fd;kA
o”kZ 1998 esa mUgksaus fgekpy izns'k ds eaMh ft+ys esa igyh
xSj&ljdkjh vkoklh; ukV~;dyk jaxeap vdknseh LFkkfir dhA
73
 ladk;
vfHku;
gsek flag
,lksfl,V izksQ+slj] vfHku;
gsek flag tkuh&ekuh vfHkus=h jkukfo ds bafVxzsVsM dkslZ ¼1982½ dh Lukrd gSa vkSj jkukfo jaxeaMy ds
lkFk nl o”kksZa rd dke dj pqdh gSaA bUgksaus jk”Vªh; ,oa varjkZ”Vªh; Lrj ds funsZ'kdksa tSls bczkfge
vYdkt+h] fjpMZ 'ks[kuj] c- o- dkjar] ds- ,u- if.kDdj] gchc ruohj] vkse f'koiqjh] ch- ,e- 'kkg] eksgu
egf”kZ] fÝV~l csuhfoV~t+] jksMs us eSfjvV] veky vYykuk ,oa vuqjk/kk diwj ds funsZ'ku esa yxHkx ipkl
izeq[k Hkwfedk,a fuHkkbZa gSaA bUgksaus izfrf”Br fQ+Ye funsZ'kdksa tSls ethn ethnh] ';ke csusxy ,oa ,e- ,l-
lF;w ds lkFk Hkh dk;Z fd;k gSA funsZ'ku ds {ks= esa bUgksaus ikjlh jaxeap ,oa eap ij dfork izn'kZu esa Hkh
uohure dk;Z fd, gSaA ikjlh 'kSyh esa 15 izLrqfr;ksa ds Js; izkfIr ds vfrfjDr bUgksaus vU; 'kSfy;ksa ¼tSls
HkobZ] QklZ] ukSVadh ,oa ;FkkFkZokn½ esa Hkh ukVdksa dk funsZ'ku fd;k gSA bUgksaus jaxeap ij leh{kkRed ys[k
fy[ks gSa] ukVdksa dk vuqokn fd;k gS vkSj fgUnh ds v[kckj ^tulŸkk* esa jax vkykspd ds :Ik esa fy[krh
jgh gSA buds }kjk fLVªaMcxZ ^v Mªhe Iys* ds vuqokn dks dsUnzh; lkfgR; vdknseh }kjk izdkf'kr fd;k x;k
gSA bUgsa us fllyh iqLrd ^okW;l ,aM ,sDVj* dk fgUnh vuqokn fd;k gSA bUgksaus jkukfo] Jhjke lsaVj] e/;
izns'k Mªkek Ldwy ,oa Hkkjrsanq ukV~; vdknseh esa okd ,oa laHkk”k.k dk f'k{k.k fd;k gSA mUgksaus O;kid :Ik ls
fons'k Hkze.k fd;k gS tgk¡ mUgksaus izLrqfr;k¡ nha vkSj jaxeap ij dk;Z'kkyk,a vk;ksftr dhaA os ^okLrk^ ¼okW;l
,aM Lihp VsulZ ,lksf,'ku½ dh lnL;k gSa vkSj mUgksaus dFkk okpu dh ikjEifjd Hkkjrh; dyk] vfHkusrk]
jkl] 'kjhj ,oa okd ij flaxkiqj ds okLrk esa ekLVj d{kk,a yh gSaA Vh-oh- lhfj;y esa bejrh nsoh dh Hkwfedk
fuHkkus ij bUgsa loZJs”B vfHkus=h ds fy, ^bafM;u Vsfyfot+u vdknseh vokWMZ* ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA o”kZ
2018 esa jaxeap esa buds ;ksxnku ds fy, bUgsa jkukfo ds izfrf”Br iqjLdkj ^euksgu flag Le`fr vokWMZ* ls
lEekfur fd;k x;kA jaxeap {ks= esa vfHku; dyk esa vius ;ksxnku ds fy, o”kZ 2017 esa bUgsa dsUnzh; laxhr
ukVd vdknseh iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA
vCnqy yrhQ [kVkuk
,lksfl,V izksQslj] vfHku; ,oa izeq[k VkbZ daiuh
1986 esa jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ls vfHku; esa fo'ks”kKrk ds lkFk Lukrd mikf/k izkIr vCnqy yrhQ [kVkuk
ns'k&fons'k esa izLrqr dbZ ukVdksa dh ladYiuk] ys[ku ,oa funsZ'ku dj pqds gSaA mudh tkuh&ekuh
izLrqfr;ksa esa ^vksfMil n fdax*] ^dkdsf'k;u pkd ldZy*] ^jkst+sukek g¶rokj*] ^rqylh rqylh*] ^nk;js*]
^fdrkcksa esa gypy*] ^lkWjh eEek*] ^VkWi lhØsV*] ^¶ykbax gkWlZ*] ^jksfe;ks ,aM twfy;V*] vugn vkSj dbZ vU;
'kkfey gSaA vki d'ehj fLFkr vnoh laxr rFkk ukV~; laLFkk fdjnkj& fnYyh ds laLFkkid gSaA os jkukfo
ds laLdkj jax Vksyh ¼fFk;sVj bu ,twds'ku daiuh½ ds laLFkkid vfHkusrk & f'k{kd Fks tks fd ckn esa blds
izeq[k Hkh cusA vkidks Vksyh ds igys jk”Vªh; jaxeap mRlo ^t'uscpiu* o mlds ckn gq, cky yksd
dykdkjksa ds mRlo ^cky laxe* dh ladYiuk vkSj vk;kstu dk Js; tkrk gSA Jh [+kVkuk us Ldwyksa]
laLFkkuksa vkSj xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa ds lkFk cM+s iSekus ij dk;Z fd;k gS vkSj cPpksa ds fy, jaxeap@ukVd
dh vko';drk dks dbZ LFkkuksa ij js[kkafdr fd;k gSA vkius ,ulhbZvkjVh ds fy, 1&12oha d{kk ds cPpksa
gsrq jaxeap@ukVd laca/kh ikB~;Øe rS;kj djus esa fo'ks”k ;ksxnku fn;k gSA bUgsa vfHku; vkSj
jaxeap@Mªkek bu ,twds'ku ds f'k{k.k dk cgqr vuqHko gSA
fnus'k [kUuk
,lksfl,V çksQs+lj] vfHku;
y[kuÅ fo'ofo|ky; ls Lukrd o Hkkjrsanq ukVî vdknseh y[kuÅ ls vfHku; esa fMIyksek vkSj jk"Vªh;
ukVî fo|ky; ls 1986 esa vfHku; esa LukrdksÙkj fMIyksek çkIr fnus'k [kUuk fiNys chl o"kksaZ ls vfHku;]
funsZ'ku] f'k{k.k ds {ks= esa dk;Zjr gSaA lkfgR; ,oa vuqokn esa mudh fo'ks"k #fp gS vkSj jaxeap ij dbZ
vkys[k fy[k pqds gSaA ^dqN vkalw dqN Qwy* o ^vfHku; fparu* mudh çdkf'kr iqLrdsa gSaA
74
vfHkyk"k fiYyS
,lksfl,V izksQ+slj] vfHku;
MkW- vfHkyk”k fiYybZ ukV~; funsZ'kd] f'k{kd ,oa ledkyhu Hkkjrh; jaxeap ds v/;srk gSa ftUgksaus 30
izLrqfr;ksa ls Hkh vf/kd dk funsZ'ku fd;k gSA vfHkyk”k fiYybZ us ns'k&fons'k esa fofHkUu Hkk”kkvksa ds ukVdksa dk
funsZ'ku fd;k gS] Hkkjr vkSj bXySaM ds izeq[k izdk'kuksa esa ys[k fy[ks gSa vkSj vusd lsfeukjksa vkSj dk;Z'kkykvksa
esa izfrHkkfxrk ,oa mudk vk;kstu Hkh fd;k gSA bUgksaus lh- ,u- Jhdkar uk;j& vfotu ,aM fe'ku vkWQ
fFk;sVj ,fDVfoLV uked thou ifjpk;d iqLrd fy[kh gS ftlls dsUnzh; lkfgR; vdkneh us izdkf'kr
fd;kA buds dk;ksZa esa gj rjg dh lkexzh 'kkfey jgrh gS ijUrq lHkh dks ,d ledkyhu lkSn;Zijd 'kSyh esa
izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA os jk”Vªh; ,oa varjkZ”Vªh; Lrj ij dbZ lg;ksxksa esa 'kkfey jgs vkSj bUgksaus gh Hkkjr eas
jkukfo vkSj ldZl daiuh ds chp loZizFke lg;ksx LFkkfir fd;kA bUgsa dbZ iqjLdkjksa ls lEekfur fd;k x;k
gS ftuesa jaxeap esa miyfC/k;ksa ds fy, izfrf”Br laLÑfr iqjLdkj 2002&03 ¼jk”Vªh; lkaLÑfrd iqjLdkj½
vkSj o”kZ 2012 esa jax funsZ'ku ds fy, dsjy laxhr ukVd iqjLdkj 'kkfey gSaA
eksgEen vCnqy dkfnj 'kkg
lgk;d izksQslj] ewoeSaV
jkukfo ds iwoZ Lukrd ¼2004½ eks- vCnqy dkfnj 'kkg ef.kiqjh ek'kZy vkVZ& Fkkax Vk] rkbZ ph] flVksfj;ks]
djkVs] ekMZu ewoeSaV vkSj u`R; esa O;kid :Ik ls izf'kf{kr gSaA os 2004&2011 rd jkukfo jaxeaMy ls vfHkusrk
ds :Ik esa tqM+s jgsA mUgksaus ?kklhjke dksroky] 1857 ,d lQjukek] jke uke lR; gS] vkpk;Z rkjrwQ tSls
ukVdkas esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk,a fuHkkbZA mUgksaus jkukfo jaxeaMy ,oa dbZ vU; jaxeap laLFkkuksa esa 'kkjhfjd
LokLF;] 'okl ,oa 'kkjhfjd fu;a=.k ,oa 'kkjhfjd xfr ij d{kk,a Hkh yh gSaA mUgksaus jkukfo ,oa jkukfo
jaxeaMy ds iUnzg ls Hkh vf/kd ukVdksa esa ;q) dyk ,oa xfr u`R; ifjdYid ds :Ik esa dk;Z fd;k gSA bu
ukVdksa esa mŸkjjkepfjr] ck.kHkV~V dh vkRedFkk] iks'kkd] dkWejsM dqaHkdj.k] eSa bLrkucqy gw¡] jksfe;ks ,aM
twfy;V] e'kfjd+h gwj] vksFksyks] gseysV vkfn 'kkfey gSaA bUgksaus dbZ varjkZ”Vªh; jaxap lekjksgksa esa izfrHkkfxrk
dh gSA
buesa caXykns'k esa blcu ds Le`fr mRlo] phu esa , Vh b lh varjkZ”Vªh; jaxeap lekjksg dksyacks varjkZ”Vªh;
jaxeap lekjksg 'kkfey gSaA
ukV~; lkfgR;
‘kkaruq cksl
,lksfl,V izksQs+lj] fo'o jaxeap
ladk;k/;{k] 'kS{kf.kd
Jh 'kkaruq cksl us Hkkjr ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa ,oa fo'o Hkj esa yxHkx 75 jaxeap izLrqfr;k¡ dh gSaA bu
izLrqfr;ksa dk izn'kZu Hkkjr ,oa ,f'k;k] ;wjksi vkSj vkWLVªsfy;k ds vyx&vyx Hkkxksa esa O;kid :Ik
ls fd;k x;kA
75
 ladk;
vfHkdYiu ,oa jax rduhd
v'kksd lkxj Hkxr
çksQs+lj] jaxeap LFkkiR;
jk-uk-fo- ds o"kZ 1979 ds Lukrd v'kksd lkxj Hkxr ,d [;kfrçkIr çdk'k o –'; ifjdYid gSaA os laxhr
ukVd vdknseh iqjLdkj ls lEefk~ur ¼2002½ gSa vkSj orZeku esa vk/kqfud fopkjksa ds lkFk çkS|ksfxdh ds
ç;ksx }kjk fFk,Vj bekjrksa ds iqu#)kj esa layXu gSaA jaxeap rduhd vkSj rRlaca/kh lapkyu ds {ks= esa
muds }kjk fn, x, ;ksxnku esa g‚bfLVax flLVe ds fy, Lokoyach Lisl Ýs+e dk fuekZ.k] Vw&ckj
Mª‚i&dVsZu v‚ijs'ku dk ifjp;] jk-uk-fo- ds vfHkeap lHkkxkj esa Hkkjr dk igyk ^ykbV&l‚¶+V&iSfpax*
'kkfey gSaA mUgksaus fpUe; fe'ku ¼fnYyh½ ds :i esa Hkkjr dk igyk bdks&'kSy lHkkxkj fn;k gSA mUgksaus
iVuk fLFkr ipkl ds n'kd esa cuh çsepan jax'kkyk dk Hkh uohdj.k fd;k vkSj mls lsYQ LikWfVaZx
g‚bfLVax flLVe ds vykok u;k ywi&dkm.Vj&osV flLVe fn;k gSA gky gh esa cuwj fLFkr Hkkth xqj'kj.k
lHkkxkj mudk ,d mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku gS ftlesa mUgksaus 90 QqV O;kl dk v/kZ&xksykdkj czsy&inkZ
cuk;k gSA çks- Hkxr tkiku] teZuh] phu] FkkbZyS.M] :l] fdf.kZLrku] d+t+kd+Lrku] dksfj;k vkSj czkt+hy esa
vk;ksftr ^Q+SLVhoYl v‚Q+ bafM;k* ds rduhdh funs'kd jg pqds gSaA mUgksasus ^cSafMV Dohu* vkSj ^gt+kjksa
[+okfg'ksa ,slh* fQ+Yeksa esa dyk&funsZ'kd ds rkSj ij mR—"V dk;Z fd;k gSA
vejthr 'kekZ
,lksfl,V izksQs+lj] eap VSDuksykWftLV
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls Lukrd] vejthr 'kekZ us 1979 esa jk-uk-fo- ds dk"B'kkyk foHkkx esa dk;Z vkjaHk
fd;kA rnqijkar os 1994 esa eap VSDuksy‚ftLV ds in ij fu;qDr gq,A ukVdksa ds eapu vkSj lacaf/kr
xfrfof/k;ksa gsrq eap ifjdYiuk,a] ;kstuk,a vkSj e‚My rS;kj djuk mudk nkf;Ro jgk gSA 1999 ls 2013
ds chp gq, Hkkjr jax egksRloksa] 1998 ls 2013 ds chp gq, t'uscpiu vkSj 2000&2001 esa vk;ksftr Hkkjr
esa teZu egksRlo ls ysdj vc rd og 2000 ls T+;knk ukVdksa ds eap&laLFkkiu vkSj fu"iknu dk
mYys[kuh; dk;Z dj pqds gSaA mUgksaus Vsyhfot+u /kkjkokfgdksa ds fy, Hkh eap ifjdYiuk dh gS vkSj jk-uk-fo-
dh vksj ls eap fuekZ.k laca/kh dk;Z ds fy, teZuh vkSj Jhyadk Hkh x,A mUgksaus 1998 esa Hkkjr&tkiku
lkaL—frd vknku&çnku dk;ZØe ds rgr VksD;ks esa vk;ksftr mUur jax&rduhd dk;ZØe esa Hkh Hkkx
fy;kA bl chp mUgksaus jkW;LVu ,cy }kjk funsZf'kr ^ekaxfu;kj flMD'ku* ds vykok dbZ ukVdksa dh
n`';&ifjdYiuk dk fu”iknu fd;k gS vkSj nqfu;k Hkj esa dbZ ns'kksa dk nkSjk fd;k gSA
76
v#.k dqekj efyd
lgk;d izksQslj ¼eap f'kYi½
vkidk tUe o ikyu&iks”k.k vksMh’kk esa gqvkA vkius yfyr dykvksa ¼f'kYidyk½ esa viuh ch-,Q-,- mRdy
fo'ofo|ky; ls iw.kZ dhA vkius o”kZ 2007 esa jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ls vfHku; esa LukrdksŸkj fMIyksek izkIr
fd;kA rc ls vki ,d vfHkusrk] funsZ'kd] eap lkexzh vfHkdYid ds :Ik esa dk;Z dj jgs gSaA vkius 250 ls
Hkh vf/kd ukVdksa esa vfHkdYid ,oa dykdkj ds :Ik esa dk;Z fd;k gSA vkius dqN fQ+Yeksa vkSj Vhoh
/kkjkokfgdks esa Hkh dk;Z fd;k gSA vkidks ;w-ds- esa Ñf=e :Ik lTtk ¼izksLFksfVd esdvi½ esa v/;;u ds fy,
pkYlZ okWysl bafM;u VªLV Q+Syksf'ki ls uokt+k x;k gSA vkius ns'k ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa dbZ jaxeap
dk;Z'kkykvksa dk lapkyu fd;k gSA vkidks o”kZ 2014&15 esa laxhr ukVd vdknseh }kjk fcfLeYykg [+kku
;qok iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA vki ebZ 2017 ls lgk;d izksQslj ds in ij jkukfo esa dk;Z dj jgs
gSaA
nhikadj ikWy
lgk;d izksQslj] izdk'k ifjdYiuk
Jh nhikadj ikWy us ukV~; dykvksa ¼QSdYVh vkWQ Qkbu vkV~lZ½ esa fo'ks”kKrk ds lkFk jchUnz Hkkjrh
fo'ofo|ky;] dksydkrk ls LukrdksŸkj mikf/k izkIr dh gSA lkFk gh mUgksaus ifjdYiuk] funsZ'ku ,oa jaxeap
rduhdh esa fo'ks”kKrk fo”k; ds lkFk jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ls LukrdksŸkj mikf/k izkIr dh gS os 24 o”kksZa ls Hkh
vf/kd le; ls vfHkusrk] lSV ifjdYid] oL=lTtk ifjdYid] izdk'k ifjdYid ,oa funsZ'kd ds :Ik esa
jaxeap dykvksa ls tqM+s gq, gSaA buds }kjk funsZf'kr ukVdksa dk jk”Vªh; ,oa varjkZ”Vªh; Lrj ij eapu fd;k x;k
gSA blds vfrfjDr os cky jaxeap xfrfof/k;ksa ds lkFk ,d ijke'kZdrkZ ds :Ik esa Hkh tqM+s jgs gSaA blds
lkFk&lkFk os egRoiw.kZ Qhpj fQYeksa vkSj Vh-oh- ehfM;k esa Hkh ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk ds :Ik esa jgs gSaA os
fp=dkjh ,oa ewfrZdyk esa Hkh xgu #fp j[krs gSaA
foLrkj dk;ZØe
vfers'k xzksoj
lgk;d izksQslj] foLrkj dk;ZØe
vfers'k xzksoj ¼Hkkjr] tUe 1980½ us ;wfuoflZVh vkWQ+ vkV~lZ yanu] ;w- ds- esa ykbo ,aM fMthVy vkV~lZ dk
v/;;u fd;k gSA buds dk;ksZa us jaxeap ikjLifjd dyk ds chp e/;orhZ LFkku cuk;k gSA bUgksaus 'kksd]
funzk] [kq'kh vkSj Kku ds dbZ vU; {k.kHkaxqj igyqvksa ij dbZ dk;Z fd, gSaA buds dk;ksZa esa izLrqfr ds ek/;e ls
l'kDrrk ,oa n'kZu dk vuqHko fn[krk gSA buds dk;ksZa dks varjkZ”Vªh; Lrj ij lekjksgksa] fFk;sVjksa] xSyfj;ksa]
lkoZtfud LFkkuksa vkSj baVjusV ij Hkh n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
bUgsa U;wehfM;k vkfVZLV ¼2019½ ds fy, eS'k fQdk lEeku] jaxeap funsZ'kd ¼Hkkjr 2018½ ds fy, fcfLeYyk
[kku lEeku vkSj ukSfeu iqjLdkj ¼bVyh 2018½] QksjdkLV iqjLdkj ¼,p ds MCY;q] teZuh] 2015½ ls
lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA ;s dbZ jsthMSfl;k¡ esa jgs gS ftuesa iSDV tksyfojsu ¼teZuh] 2018½] Vksfd;ks izkstSDV
¼tkiku] 2013½] dsesV jsthMSalh ¼vkWLVªsfy;k] 2011½] izksgsyosfr;k ,;j ¼fLoV~tjySaM] 2008½ 'kkfey gSaA
bUgksaus vius izn'kZu dk;ksZa ij dbZ O;k[;ku fn, gSa ftuesa baVjus'kuy* 23 ¼teZuh] 2017½] ;wfuoflZVh vkWQ
,sDlhVhj ¼;w- ds-] 2016½] yklkys dkWyst vkQ vkVZ ¼flaxkiksj] 2016½] us'kuy Mªkek fFk;sVj ¼fyFkqvkfu;ka]
2016½ dkWjusy fo'ofo|ky; esa vfrfFk ladk; ¼;w-,l- 2011½] us'kuy baLVhV~;wV vkWQ fMt+kbu ¼Hkkjr]
2016&17½ vkSj f'ko uknj fo'ofo|ky; ¼Hkkjr 2016&17½ 'kkfey gSA orZeku esa os jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky;
¼Hkkjr½ esa izksQslj gSa tgk¡ os izLrqfr rS;kj djuk ,oa izLrqfr v/;;u dk fo”k; i<+krs gSaA buds dk;ksZa] fopkjksa]
vkSj Kku dh izSl }kjk dh xbZ leh{kk dks budh oSclkbV www.amiteshgrover.com ij ns[kk tk
ldrk gSA
77
 iz'kklfud o rduhdh vf/kdkjh/deZpkjh
Jh iznhi dqekj
eksgarh jftLVªkj
Jh iznhi dqekj eksgUrh] jftLVªkj dks jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; esa vkus ls iwoZ iz'kklu esa dk;Z djus dk 16 o”kksZa
ls Hkh vf/kd dk vuqHko gSA dkmafly vkWQ lkbaVhfQd ,aM baMLVªh;y fjlpZ esa ik¡p o”kksZa rd dk;Z djus ds
mijkar bUgksaus iz'kklfud vf/kdkjh ds :Ik esa fejk.Mk gkml esa dk;Z xzg.k fd;k vkSj 11 o”kksZa ls Hkh vf/kd
le; rd ogk¡ dk;Z fd;kA fejkaMk gkml ds 8 o”kksZa dk dk;Zdky iw.kZ djus ds mijkar os ofj”B Js.kh esa FksA Oks
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ds fofHkUu dkWystksa esa] iz'kklfud] yScksjsVjh vkSj iqLrdky; LVkQ ds fy,] 'kS{kf.kd
iz'kklu tSls fo”k; ij] dk;Z'kkykvksa vkSj izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa dks vk;ksftr djus ds dk;Z ls Hkh tqM+s gq, FksA
bUgksaus fnukad 10@07@2015 dks jkukfo esa jftLVªkj dk inHkkj laHkkykA os tkiku] rksxkeqjk esa 8osa fFk;sVj
vksyfEiDl vkSj lacaf/kr dk;ZØeksa dh ;kstukvksa dks vafre :Ik nsus ds fy, jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; dk
izfrfuf/kRo djus okys izfrfuf/keaMy ds lnL;ksa esa ls ,d FksA fFk;sVj vksyfEiDl] tks fd fo'o ds cgqr cM+s
jaxeap lekjksg esa ls ,d Fkk] dks vk;ksftr djus ds fy, izeq[k iz'kklfud leUo;d Hkh FksA Hkkjr esa 8osa
fFk;sVj vksyfEiDl ds nkSjku yxHkx 500 ukVdksa vkSj 700 ,afc;al izLrqfr;ksa vkSj 250 ;wFk Qksje 'kks dk
izn'kZu fd;k x;kA
vks-ih- lkxj
mi jftLVªkj
Jh vks- ih- lkxj us o”kZ 1990 esa jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; esa ys[kkdkj ds in ij dk;ZHkkj laHkkykA rnqijkar o”kZ 2013
esa os ys[kkf/kdkjh cus vkSj o”kZ 2015 esa os mi&jftLVªkj ds in ij inksUur gq,A bUgksaus bXuw ls tu&iz'kklu esa
LukrdksŸkj mikf/k izkIr dh gSA bUgsa jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ds jk”Vªh; o varjkZ”Vªh; Lrj ds fØ;k&dykiksa dks
laHkkyus dk c`gn~ iz'kklfud vuqHko gSA os jk-uk-fo- ds Nk=ksa ds lkFk Vªwi izca/kd cudj chftax] phu Hkh tk pqds gSa
tgk¡ ij Nk=ksa us fnukad 18&22 ebZ] 2011 rd ,f'k;k fFk,Vj ,tqds'ku lsaVj 6Bs baVjus'kuy Qksje ds varxZr
izLrqfr iznf'kZr dh FkhA bUgksaus jk-uk-fo- ds Nk=ksa ds lkFk fnukad 26 vDrwcj ls 9 uoacj] 2015 rd chftax] phu esa
LksaVªy vdknseh vkWQ Mªkek }kjk lapkfyr fd, x, ,f'k;u VªsfM'kuy fFk,Vj dk;Z'kkykvksa ds nwljs l= esa Hkh
izfrHkkfxrk dh tks fd ;wusLdks ds varxZr jaxeap f'k{kk ij vk/kkfjr FkkA o”kksZa ls Jh lkxj jaxeap dk;Z'kkykvksa vkSj
lekjksgksa ds izca/ku ds fy,] Nk=ksa }kjk 'kSf{kd Hkze.k ds fy, ns'k ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa nkSjs dj pqds gSaA bUgksaus Jh
vf[kys'k [kUuk }kjk funZsf'kr ukVd ^^ldZl 2004^^ vkSj Jh vferkHk JhokLro }kjk funsZf'kr ukVd ^^pSuiqj dh
nkLrku^^ essa vfHku; Hkh fd;k gSA Jh vks- ih- lkxj fnYyh ,oa Hkkjr ds 17 vU; 'kgjksa esa fnukad 17 Qjojh ls
8 vizSy] 2018 rd vk;ksftr gq, 8osa fFk;sVj vksyafid ds lQyrkiwoZd vk;kstu gsrq cukbZ xbZ lfefr ds
lnL; FksA

izLrqfr foHkkx ijkx lekZg

izLrqfr izca/kd
vfHku; fo”k; esa fo'ks”kKrk izkIr] jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ds Lukrd] Jh ijkx lekZg us jk-uk-fo- ds jaxeaMy esa
yxHkx ckjg o”kksZa rd dykdkj o eap izca/kd ds :Ik esa dk;Z fd;kA bUgksaus iSarkyhl ls Hkh vf/kd ukVdksa esa
vfHku; fd;k gSA funsZ'kd ds :Ik esa budh izLrqfr ^ij'kqjke* dks jk”Vªh; Lrj ij ljkguk feyh vkSj mls ukanhdkj
jk”Vªh; jax mRlo vkSj Hkkjr jaxegksRlo esa izLrqr fd;k x;kA bUgksaus jk-uk-fo- jaxeaMy ds fy, ^gSyks vkmV ns;j*
dk funsZ'ku fd;k vkSj dbZ izLrqfr;ksa ds fy, izdk'k ifjdYiuk dh ftuesa ^jkLrs*] ^ifj.kfr*] ^HkkaM nqgkbZ*] ^rktegy
dk VSaMj*] ^canh izeFk*] ^gT+kkj pkSjklh dh ek¡*] ^fo[kafMr Nk;k* 'kkfey gSaA lkFk gh mUgksusa xhr ,oa ukVd izHkkx dh
izLrqfr 'kr:ik ds fy, /ofu o izdk'k ifjdYiuk esa lgk;rk Hkh dhA vki dbZ ,u- th- vks- ls tqM+s gq, gSa vkSj
fnYyh esa vlfe;k ukV~; :iksa] dFkkokpu] laxhr] izLrqfrijd jax dk;Z'kkykvksa dks vk;ksftr o lapkfyr dj vle
dh le`) lkaLÑfrd fojklr dh vksj] ;qok ih<+h dk :>ku c<+kus dk dk;Z djrs jgs gSaA orZeku esa Jh lekZg
fo|ky; esa izLrqfr izca/kd gSa vkSj os fo|ky; }kjk dbZ o”kksZa ls ns'k ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa vk;ksftr fd, tkus okys
iwokZsŸkj ukV~; lekjksg esa lQy leUo;u djrs jgs gSaA
78 79
 fo|ky; ds izkf/kdkjh vuqHkkxk/;{k
dk;Zokgd v/;{k ladk;k/;{k O;olk; izca/kd ,oa izHkkjh lgk;d jftLVªkj ¼ys[kk½
vtZqu nso pkj.k 'kkaruq clq ¼'kS{kf.kd ½ eukst jesyk
izHkkjh funs'kd ,oa jaxeaMy izeq[k fnus'k [kUuk ¼osyQs;j½ lEink izca/kd
izks- lqjs'k 'kekZ izLrqfr izca/kd euh”k ;kno
jftLVªkj ijkx lekZg lgk;d jftLVªkj ¼iz'kk-½
iznhi dqekj eksgUrh iqLrdky;k/;{k uohu fc”V
izeq[k] laLdkj jax Vksyh vfuy JhokLro dks”kk/;{k
vCnqy yrhQ [k+Vkuk ys[kkf/kdkjh vfuy iqjh
mi jftLVªkj lh- Mh- frokjh QksVksxzkQ+j
vks- ih- lkxj lgk;d funs'kd ¼rnFkZ½ ¼jktHkk”kk½ nhid dqekj
psruk of'k”V lwpuk ,oa iqLrdky; lgk;d
/ofu rduhf'k;u jktu
,l- euksgju lgk;d ¼HkaMkj foHkkx½
eap izca/kd ch-,l-jkor
xksfoUn flag ;kno lgk;d] ¼funs'kd d{k½
eksfgUnj
lgk;d ¼'kS{kf.kd ½
fot;iky of'k”V
lgk;d ¼izdk'k ,oa /ofu foHkkx½
fdj.k dqekj
laxhr foHkkx
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80