CULTURE new ideas and new techniques are added and old
ways are constantly modified and discarded. This is
*The way of life of a particular people, especially as
shown in their ordinary behavior and habits, their
attitudes toward each other, and their moral and
religious beliefs
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
CULTURE IS LEARNED
The first essential characteristic of culture is that it
is learned. A child born in the Philippines but was
brought to the United States after birth may not
develop traits characteristics of Filipinos. He may
learn behavior pattern characteristics of American
children, including language.
CULTURE IS SHARED
For a thought or action to be considered cultural, it
must be commonly shared by some population or
group of individuals. Even if some behavior is not
commonly appropriate, it is cultural if most people
think it is appropriate. For example, the idea that
marriage involves only one man and one woman is
cultural in our society.
CULTURE IS CUMULATIVE
Knowledge is stored and passed on from one
generation to the next, and new knowledge is
being added to what is existing. The jeepneys and
tricycles in the Philippines are good examples of
the cumulative quality of culture. Their invention
involved the use of materials which were invented
in different places of the world (Hunt et al, 1995).
CULTUERES CHANGE
All cultural knowledge does not perpetually
accumulate. At the same time that new cultural
traits are added, some old ones are lost because
they are no longer useful. For example, most city
dwellers today do not have or need the skills
required for survival in a wilderness. Most would
likely starve to death because they do not know
how to acquire wild foods and survive the
extremes of weather outdoors. What is more
important in modern urban life are such things as
the ability to drive a car, use a computer, and
understand how to obtain food in a supermarket or
restaurant (O’Neill,2005).
CULTURE IS DYNAMIC
This is a characteristic of culture that stems from
its cumulative quality. No culture is ever in a
permanent state. It is constantly changing because
because of the rapid changes that occur which may
be introduced from within or without. It also grows
by the spread of traits from individual and from
one group to another which is termed as diffusion.
One form of diffusion is the growth of language.
Filipino vocabulary has grown because of borrowed
words from other languages like Spanish, Chinese
and English.
TRADITION AND NORMS
* tradition culture - are the shared experiances that
are transffered from generation to generation
.they can exists at level of a natoin or community
and can transcends
*
WHY CROSS CULTURE
COMMUNICATION IS IMPORTANT?
Globalization: Cross movement of people goods
and data brings more and more cultures into
contact with one another and increase potential of
cross culture communication.
°Business opportunities
°Job oppurtunities
°improves the contribution of emplotess in a
diverse workforce
°sharing of views and ideas
°talent improvement
°an understanding of diverse market
HICH CONTEXT-CULTURES
*those in which the rules of communication are
primarily transmitted through the use of contextual
elements and usually not clearly stated.
LOW CONTEXT-CULTURES
*information is communicated primarily through
language and clearly stated.
ETHNOCENTRISM
*inability to accept another culture's world,
especially regarding with the behavior, customs,
and traditions.
DISCRIMINATION
*means treating a person unfairly because of who
they are or because they possess certain
characteristics, especially on the grounds of race,
age, or sex.
STEREOTYPING
*is when you judge a group of people who are
different from you based on your own and/or
others opinions and encounters.
CULTURAL BLINDNESS
*is a situation where a person adopts a new culture
without knowing if it is wrong or right.
CULTURAL IMPOSITION
*is the tendency of a person or group to impose
their values and patterns or behaviour onto other
persons, because they believe that their ideas are
superior.
TONE DIFFERENCE
*formal tone change becomes embarrassing and
off-putting in some cultures.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
*INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION is the sending
and receiving of messages across languages and
cultures.
*INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION happens
when individuals interact, negotiate, and create
meanings. While bringing in their varied cultural
backgrounds. (Ting. Toomey, 1999)
THE DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF
INTERCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
The development model of intercultural sensitivity
(DMIS) offers a structure that explores how people
experience cultural differences: according to
Bennett (2004), it has six stages. These are the
following:
STAGE 1: DENIAL
The individual does not recognize cultural
differences.
STAGE 2: DEFENSE
The individual starts to recognize cultural
differences and is intimidated by them resulting in
either a superior view on own culture or an
unjustified high regard for the new one.
STAGE 3: MINIMIZATION
Although individuals see cultural differences, they
bank more on the universality of ideas rather than
on cultural differences.
STAGE 4: ACCEPTANCE
The individual begins to appreciate important
cultural differences in behaviors and eventually in
values.
STAGE 5: ADAPTATION
The individuals is very open to world views when
accepting new perspectives.
STAGE 6: INTEGRATION
Individuals start to go beyond their own cultures
and see themselves and their actions based on
multifarious cultural viewpoints.
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPETENT
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATOR
1.) FLEXIBILITY AND THE ABILITY TO TOLERATE
HIGH LEVELS OF UNCERTAINTY
2.) REFLECTIVENESS OR MINDFULNESS
3.) OPEN-MINDNESS
4.) SENSITIVITY
5.) ADAPTABILITY
6.) ABILITY TO ENGAGE IN DIVERGENT
THINKING AND SYSTEMS-LEVEL THINNKING.
7.) POLITENESS
NOTE!!!!!
That in addition to culture, other elements such as
gender, age, social status and religion must also be
taken into consideration when communicating with
others.