Jumadiao, Yra Marielle M.

EXERCISE 9: HEAT BALANCE AND THEORETICAL FLAME TEMPERATURE

GIVEN:

25% x’s air (T=600F)

Producer Gas (T=600F) FURNACE Flue Gas (T=20000F)

4.89% CO2 CO2, O2, N2, H2O

22.2% CO
0.90% CH4
12.4% H2
0.8% O2
58.81% N2

REQUIRED:

a.) %LHV delivered

b.) %LHV lost as SH in flue gas
c.) TFT
d.) %LHV delivered if tair = 6000F
e.) Tpreheated air if Qmax = 2.8x106 BTU/100 lbmol fuel and TFG = 34000F

SOLUTION:

Energy balance around the combustion chamber:

(HC)fuel + SHair + SHfuel = SHflue gas + Q + losses (1)

Q = (HC)fuel - SHflue gas (2)
(From (2), we need to calculate: SHflue gas and (HC)fuel

Basis: 100 lbmoles producer gas

Producer LHV
lbmol Reactions Theo O2 CO2 prod. H2O prod. HC (BTU)
Gas (Chu/lbmol)
CO2 4.89 - - 4.89 - - -
CO 22.2 CO + ½ O 2  CO 2 11.1 22.2 - 67,636.10 2,702,738.556
CH4 0.90 CH4 + 2 O2  CO2 + 2 H2O 1.8 .9 1.8 191,910.00 310,894.2
H2 12.4 H2 + ½ O2  H2O 6.2 - 12.4 57,798.40 1,290,060.288
O2 0.8 - -0.8 - - - -
N2 58.81 - - - - - -
TOTAL 100 18.3 27.99 14.2 (HC)fuel = 4,303,693,044
Sample calc: (HC)CO = (22.2)(67636.1)(1.8) = 2,702,738.556

x’s O2 = 18.3(.25) = 4.575 lbmols

N2 = 18.3(1.25)(79/21) + 58.81 = 144.8636 lbmols
SHflue gas at 20000F relative to 600F if fuel is burned completely:
Flue Gas lbmoles MCp at 20000F SH (BTU)
CO2 27.99 12.07 655.408.242
O2 4.56 8 71,004
N2 144.86 7.55 2,121,816.731
H2O 14.20 9.38 258,400.24
SHflue gas = 3,106,629.213
Sample calc: (SH)CO2 = 27.99(12.07)(2000-60) = 655408.242
a.) % LHV delivered by the furnace

𝑄 (HC)fuel−(SH)Flue 𝑔𝑎𝑠
% LHV = x 100 = x 100
(HC)fuel (HC)fuel

4,303,693,044− 3,106,629.213
= x 100 = 27.8148%
4,303,693,044

b.) % LHV lost as SHflue gas

(SH) flue gas 3,106,629.213

% LHV = x 100 = x 100 = 72.1852%
(HC)fuel 4,303,693,044

To compute TFT, assume different flue gas Ts and calculate corresponding Qs

T (F) 2000 2200 2400
(1)-60 1940 2140 2340
MCp: CO2 12.07 12.25 12.4
MCp: O2 8 8.05 8.12
MCp: N2 7.55 7.6 7.68
MCp: H2O 9.38 9.55 9.69
27.99 655408.242 733757.85 812157.84
4.575 71004 78813.525 86928.66
144.8635714 2121816.731 2356061.126 2603372.215
14.2 258400.24 290205.4 321979.32
SHflue gas 3106629.213 3458837.901 3824438.035
Q (BTU) = (HC)fuel – 1197063.831 844855.1433 479255.0091
SHflue gas

c.) Linear Regression will be used to determine the equation of the straight line. Plotting Q vs. T,

T (F) Q (BTU)
2000 1197063.831
2200 844855.1433
2400 479255.0091
Q= -1794.5221(T) + 4788339.843

Using the above equation at Q = 0, T = TFT:

TFT= 2668.3093 0F
 d.) If tair = 6000F:
Energy balance around the combustion chamber:

(HC)fuel + SHair + SHfuel = SHflue gas + Q + losses (3)

Since Tfuel = Treference = 600F, (3) becomes:
Q = (HC)fuel + SHair - SHflue gas (4)
(From (4), we need to calculate: SHair

SHair at 6000F relative to 600F:

Air lbmole MCp at 6000F SH (BTU)

O2 22.875 7.3 90,173.25
N2 86.05357143 7 325,282.50
(SH)air 415,455.75
Sample calc: SHO2 = 22.875(7.3)(600-60)= 90,173.25

% LHV delivered by the furnace at tair = 6000F:

𝑄 (HC)fuel+ (SH)air − (SH)Flue 𝑔𝑎𝑠

% LHV = x 100 = x 100
(HC)fuel (HC)fuel

4,303,693,044 +415,455.75− 3,106,629.213

= x 100= 37.4683%
4,303,693,044

e.) Tpreheated air if Qmax = 2.8x106 BTU/100 lbmol fuel and TFG = 34000F

(HC)fuel + SHair + SHfuel = SHflue gas + Q + losses (5)

Since Tfuel = Treference = 600F, (5) becomes:
SHpreheated air = Qmax + SHflue gas at 34000F – (HC)fuel (6)
From (6), we need to calculate: SHflue gas at 34000F

SHflue gas at 34000F relative to 600F:

Flue Gas lbmoles MCp at 34000F SH (BTU)

CO2 27.99 12.98 1,213,456.068
O2 4.56 8.38 128,050.59
N2 144.86 7.95 3,846,562.412
H2O 14.20 10.40 493,251.2
SHflue gas = 5,681,320.27
Sample calc: (SH)CO2 = 27.99(12.98)(3400-60) = 1,213,456.068

SHpreheated air = Qmax + SHflue gas at 34000F – (HC)fuel

SHpreheated air = 2.8x106 + 5,681,320.27- 4,303,693,044= 4,177,627.226 BTU

Relating SHpreheated air to Tpreheated air,

T (F) 1000 2000 3000

(1)-60 940 1940 2940
MCp: O2 7.55 8 8.28
 MCp: N2 7.2 7.55 7.85
22.875 162343.875 355020 556850.7
86.05357143 582410.5714 1260426.661 1986030.375
SHpreheated air 744,754.45 1,615,446.66 2,542,881.08

Linear Regression will be used to determine the equation of the straight line. Plotting SHpreheated air vs. T,

T (F) SHpreheated air

1000 744754.45
2000 1615446.66
3000 2542881.08
SHpreheatedair= 899.0633(T) -163765.9

Using SHpreheatedair= 4,177,627.226,

TFT= 4828.7958 0F