Interpersonal and

Organizational
Communication
 Communication in an organization is important in
bringing about coordination, understanding and
unity in the overall strife to attain organizational
objectives.

 There are various means by which messages may be

transmitted such as words, pictures, and body
languages.
 Each manager has a number of relationships with
other individuals within his area of responsibility.

 Methods have been to developed to improve upward

communication such as counseling, grievance
systems, consultative supervision, meetings,
suggestion systems, opinion surveys, participation in
the social groups and encouragement of employee
letters, among others
 A Model of Communication

 It is the transfer of information and understanding

from one person to another.

 It involves two people – a sender and a receiver.

 Importance of Communication

 Organizations will fail without communication.

 Coordination and cooperation become impossible if

people cannot communicate their needs and feelings
to others. Every act of communication influences the
organization one way or another.
 Management ideas will remain armchair thoughts
until a manager puts them into effect through
communication.

 The best plans are worthless unless properly

communicated for implementation. When
communication is effective, it tends to encourage
better performance and generate job satisfaction
because people will understand their jobs better and
feel more involved in them.
 The Communication Process
 It is the method by which a sender reaches a
receiver.

 This Process requires six steps :

 Develop an Idea
 Encode
 Transmit
 Receive
 Decode
 The Communication Process

Develop an Idea

The first step is to develop an idea or thoughts that the sender wishes to covey.
Unless there is a worthwhile message to transmit, all other steps will become
useless.
 The Communication Process

Encode

The idea is put into suitable words, charts or other

symbols for transmission. The sender should
determine at this point the method of transmission
so that the words and symbols may be organized in a
manner suitable for the type of transmission chosen.
 The Communication Process

Transmit

The channels of communication should likewise be

determined together with the proper timing in
sending the message. The communication channel
should as much as possible be free from barriers or
interferences, in order that the message will have a
good chance of reaching the intended receiver and
holding the receiver’s attention.
 The Communication Process

Receive

The message is transferred to the receiver who tunes it

up to receive it. Without an effective reception, the
message fizzles out into nothingness.
 The Communication Process

Decode
The sender’s intention is for the receiver to understand
in full the message conveyed. It is in the receiver's
mind that understanding can take place. Telling is
not sufficient communication in unless
understanding at the other end is brought about.
 The Communication Process

Use

The final step in the process is for the receiver to use

the communication, either by ignoring it, performing
the task called for, storing the information or doing
otherwise, as directed.
 The Rule of Five

 The entire set of five receiver steps:

Receive
Understand
Accept
Use
Feedback

If the communication successfully undergoes these five steps with a

receiver, the communication can be said to be successful.
 Two-way Communication

The two-way flow of information is referred to as

feedback loop and communication loop.
 Other benefits

1) Frustration is reduced and favorable feelings are

usually generated.

2) Accuracy of work is much enhanced.

 Difficulties caused by two-way communication

1. Two people may strongly disagree about some

item, but may not realize until they established
two-way communications.

2. Cognitive dissonance takes place when people

receive information which is incompatible with
their value systems or other information they have.