7/15/2019
ENDOGENIC PROCESS
ENDOGENIC PROCESS
Prepared By: Mr. Mark Gerald B. Doblon
Objectives:
▪ Describe where the Earth’s internal heat
comes from.
▪ Describe how magma is formed.
▪ Describe what happens after the magma is
formed.
▪ Describe the changes in mineral components
and texture of rocks due to changes in
pressure and temperature.
Objectives:
▪ Compare and contrast the formation of the
different types of igneous rocks.
▪ Describe how rocks behave under different
types of stress such as compression, pulling
apart, and shearing.
▪ It is internal process that occurs beneath the
surface of the Earth.
INTERNAL HEAT OF THE EARTH
▪ The Earth has three main layers:
▪ The crust is composed of solid rocks and
minerals.
▪ The mantle is made up of mostly solid rocks
and minerals but have areas of semi-solid
magma.
▪ The core is made up of dense metal,
specifically, nickel and iron.
INTERNAL HEAT OF THE EARTH
Mantle Convection
▪ It is the movement of the mantle as heat is
transferred from the core to the crust.
▪ The temperature of the mantle varies
depending whether it is near the crust or near
the boundary of the core.
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MAGMATISM FORMATION OF MAGMA

▪ It is the activity or the motion of magma. Heat Transfer
▪ Rocks are subjected to high temperature and Melting
pressure, they will melt and turn into magma. ▪ It is the melting of
▪ Magma is a semi-liquid molten rock mixture surrounding rocks
that can be found beneath Earth’s surface. caused by very hot
magma that brings
in additional heat.

FORMATION OF MAGMA PLUTONISM

Decompression ▪ The formation of intrusive igneous rocks came
Melting from the solidification of magma beneath the
Earth’s surface.
▪ It occurs when the
temperature stays ▪ The texture of these rocks is coarse-grained
the same but the due to slow cooling of magma, large crystals
pressure decreases. are formed on the rocks.

FORMATION OF MAGMA VOLCANISM

Flux Melting ▪ The formation of extrusive igneous rocks
▪ It occurs when came from the solidification of lava on the
volatiles or gaseous Earth’s surface.
substances are ▪ The texture of these rocks is fine-grained due
added into the hot to rapid cooling of lava, small crystals are
solid rocks. formed on the rocks.

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METAMORPHISM OF ROCKS TYPES OF METAMORPHISM

Metamorphism Regional Metamorphism
▪ It is the process of change in the form and ▪ It is caused by high temperature and pressure
structure of rocks due to intense heat and that resulted from the thickening of the crust
pressure. and plate tectonics.

TYPES OF STRESSES IN THE

TYPES OF METAMORPHISM
EARTH’S CRUST
Contact Metamorphism Compression
▪ It is the process where the country rock ▪ It causes the rocks to push or to collide with
adjacent to the igneous intrusions is altered each other.
by the high heat coming from the intrusions.
▪ Country rock is rock surrounding the igneous
intrusions.
▪ Igneous intrusion forms when molten magma
moves and seeps through the fractures and in
between crystals of rocks.

TYPES OF STRESSES IN THE

TYPES OF METAMORPHISM
EARTH’S CRUST
Dynamic Metamorphism Compression
▪ It is the process where rocks along the fault ▪ This can make the rocks come together or
zones are altered due to high pressure. make the plates arise.
▪ Mountains and hills could be formed when
two plates collide.

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TYPES OF STRESSES IN THE TYPES OF STRESSES IN THE

EARTH’S CRUST EARTH’S CRUST
Tension Force Shear Force
▪ It pulls the rocks away from each other. ▪ Shearing results in the breaking of the large
parts of the crust into smaller size.
▪ This force always happens along the plate
boundaries.
▪ Plate boundaries are the location where the
two plates meet.

TYPES OF STRESSES IN THE TYPES OF STRESSES IN THE

EARTH’S CRUST
Tension Force
▪ This force created continental drifts and mid-
ocean ridges.
▪ It moved the oceanic crust away from each
other that resulted in the rising of less dense
rocks coming from the mantle.
EARTH’S CRUST
Shear Force
▪ When the two plates rub to each other and
move in opposite directions, it creates friction.
▪ This friction leads to the shaking of the Earth’s
ground or earthquake.

TYPES OF STRESSES IN THE

References:
EARTH’S CRUST
Books:
Shear Force ▪
▪ Cabria, H.B., Oliver II, J.T., and Rodolfo, R.S. Exploring Life Through
▪ It pushes the crust in different directions. Science – Earth Science. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House,
Inc., 2016.
▪ Religioso, T.F. and Vengco, L.G. You and the Natural World – Earth
and Life Science. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.,
2016.
▪ Website:
▪ https://school.quipper.com/en-PH/index.html