Name: PEX 05-07 BIBIL

Exercise 5: Cardiovascular Dynamics: Activity 7: Compensation in Pathological Cardiovascular Conditions

Lab Report

Pre-lab Quiz Results

You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

1. Which of the following could cause an increase in peripheral resistance in the blood vessel? You
correctly answered: b. atherosclerosis

2. Which structures in the heart ensure that one-way flow occurs? You correctly answered: d. valves

3. Which of the following might be seen in both the diseased heart and the athlete's
heart? You correctly answered: c. thicker myocardium

4. The type of resistance increased in aortic valve stenosis is You correctly

answered: d. increased left-ventricular afterload
Experiment Results

Predict Question:

Predict Question 1: You will now test three mechanisms to compensate for the decrease in flow rate
caused by the decreased flow tube radius. Which mechanism do you think will have the greatest
compensatory effect? Your answer : c. decreasing the pressure in the right (destination) beaker

Predict Question 2: What do you think will happen if the pump pressure and the beaker pressure are the same?

Your answer : b. Flow rate will increase.

Stop & Think Questions:

Narrowing of the right flow tube radius simulates

You correctly answered: c. aortic valve stenosis.

What does increasing the pump pressure correspond to in the human heart?

You correctly answered: d. increasing the force of contraction

What does decreasing the right (destination) beaker correspond to in the human heart?

You correctly answered: b. decreasing afterload

Experiment Data:

Condition Flow Rad. L Rad. R Str. V Rate Press. L Press. Dif. R

Normal 5086.8 3.0 3.0 70 72.7 40 40

Aortic stenosis 3310.0 3.0 2.5 70 47.3 40 40

Increased preload 3892.9 3.5 2.5 70 55.6 40 40

Increased preload 4256.7 4.0 2.5 70 60.8 40 40

Increased preload 4479.5 4.5 2.5 70 64.0 40 40

Increased contractility 3826.3 3.0 2.5 70 54.7 40 50

Increased contractility 4270.3 3.0 2.5 70 61.0 40 60
Decreased contractility 4656.3 3.0 2.5 70 66.5 40 70
Decreased afterload 3826.3 3.0 2.5 70 54.7 40 80

Decreased afterload 4270.3 3.0 2.5 70 61.0 40 60

Decreased afterload 4656.3 3.0 2.5 70 66.5 40 70
Post-lab Quiz Results

You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.

1. Which of the following compensatory mechanisms was not tested?

You correctly answered: c. decreasing the pressure in the left (source) beaker

2. In an actual heart, what is the most logical way to compensate for a decrease in flow tube
radius? You correctly answered: b. adjust the force of contraction of the heart

3. Without a difference in pressure between the pump and the destination beaker

You correctly answered: a. the valve will not open.

4. Athletes experience an overall __________ in peripheral resistance, so the heart generates __________
pressure to deliver the same amount of blood. An athlete's arterial pressure would likely be __________ than that
in a non-athlete. You correctly answered: d. decrease, less, lower

Review Sheet Results

1. Explain how the heart could compensate for changes in peripheral

resistance. Your answer: dengan meningkatkan kontraksi

Guyton, A.C., Hall J.E 2012. buku ajar fisiologi kedokteran. edisi 11. Jakarta : penerbit buku kedokteran ECG

2. Which mechanism had the greatest compensatory effect? How well did the results compare with your
prediction? Your answer: mengurangi tekanan pada gelas kanan akan menghasilkan efek terbesar karena
ini mengurangi afterload

3. Explain what happened when the pump pressure and the beaker pressure were the same. How well did
the results compare with your prediction? Your answer: ketika tekanan pompa dan tekanan gelas sama besar
maka laju aliran akan meningkat.
4. Explain whether it would be better to adjust heart rate or blood vessel diameter to achieve blood flow
changes at a local level (for example, in just the digestive system). Your answer: akan lebih baik untuk
menyesuaikan diameter pembuluh darah karena pada level lokal efeknya akan terlihat lebih jelas. penyesuaian
pada detak jantung akan memiliki efek sistemik