Kelompok 1

Name: KELOMPOK 01
Exercise 4: Endocrine System Physiology: Activity 1: Metabolism and Thyroid Hormone Lab Report
Pre-lab Quiz Results

You scored 100% by answering 6 out of 6 questions correctly.
1. Which of the following statements about metabolism is false?

You correctly answered: d. All of the energy from metabolism is ultimately stored in the chemical bonds of ATP.
2. Thyroxine is
You correctly answered: c. the most important hormone for maintaining the metabolic rate and body temperature.
3. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is

You correctly answered: b. produced in the pituitary gland.
4. An injection of TSH to an otherwise normal animal will cause which of the following?
You correctly answered: d. goiter development
5. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is

You correctly answered: a. secreted by the hypothalamus.
6. Which of the following statements is true?

You correctly answered: b. The hypothalamus primarily secretes tropic hormones that stimulate the secretion of other
hormones.
05/15/19 page 1
Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question 1: Make a prediction about the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of the remaining rats compared with the BMR
of the normal rat you just measured.
Your answer : c. The BMR of both remaining rats will be lower than the normal rat's BMR.
Predict Question 2: What do you think will happen after you inject thyroxine into the three rats?
Your answer : a. The normal rat will become hyperthyroidic and develop a goiter.
Predict Question 3: What do you think will happen after you inject TSH into the three rats?
Your answer : a. The normal rat will become hyperthyroidic and develop a goiter.
Predict Question 4: Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a drug that inhibits the production of thyroxine by blocking the attachment of
iodine to tyrosine residues in the follicle cells of the thyroid gland (iodinated tyrosines are linked together to form thyroxine).
What do you think will happen after you inject PTU into the three rats?
Your answer : b. The thyroidectomized rat will become hypothyroidic and develop a goiter.
Stop & Think Questions:

1h. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab
Report.
You answered: 426 ml O2/hr
1i. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per
kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms
to use this equation).
Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr
Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.
You answered: 1697,2 ml O2/kg/hr
Report.
05/15/19 page 2
Report.
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid
levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid
levels; BMR above 1800).
The normal rat is

You correctly answered: b. euthyroid
The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is

You correctly answered: a. hypothyroid
The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is

4c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
Report.
05/15/19 page 3
4d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per
Report.
Report.
You answered: 1512.19 ml O2/kg/hr
levels; BMR above 1800) after the thyroxine injection.
The normal rat is

You correctly answered: c. hyperthyroid
05/15/19 page 4


Which of the rats developed a goiter after injection with thyroxine (select all that apply)?
You correctly answered: d. None of the rats developed a goiter with this injection.
Report.
Report.
05/15/19 page 5
Report.
levels; BMR above 1800) after the TSH injection.
The normal rat is



Which of the rats developed a goiter after injection with TSH (select all that apply)?
You correctly answered: a. the normal rat c. the hypophysectomized rat
Report.
05/15/19 page 6
Report.
Report.
levels; BMR above 1800) after the PTU injection.
The normal rat is

You did not answer this question.
05/15/19 page 7
Correct answer: a. hypothyroid


Which of the rats developed a goiter after injection with PTU (select all that apply)?
You correctly answered: a. the normal rat
Experiment Data:
Rat Weight (g) ml O2/min ml O2/hr BMR Palpation Injected

(ml O2/kg/hr)
Normal 251 7.1 426.00 1697.21 No Mass none
Tx 245 6.3 378.00 1542.86 No Mass none
Hypox 246 6.2 372.00 1512.20 No Mass none
Tx 245 6.3 378.00 1542.86 No Mass none
Tx 245 6.3 378.00 1542.86 No Mass none
Tx 245 6.3 378.00 1542.86 No Mass none
05/15/19 page 8
Post-lab Quiz Results
1. How would you treat a thyroidectomized animal so that it functions like a "normal" animal?
You correctly answered: c. Provide the animal T4 supplements.
2. As a result of the missing hormone(s) in the hypophysectimized rat, what would be some expected symptoms?
You correctly answered: d. decreased basal metabolic rate
3. An injection of thyroxine to an otherwise normal rat will cause which of the following?
You correctly answered: b. hyperthyroidism
4. Why didn't any of the rats develop a goiter after thyroxine injection?
You correctly answered: a. In all cases, TSH levels were not elevated by the thyroxine injection.
5. Why did the normal rat develop a palpable goiter with the TSH injection?
You correctly answered: c. The TSH receptors on the thyroid gland were excessively stimulated.
6. An injection of propylthiouracil to an otherwise normal animal will cause which of the following?
You correctly answered: b. goiter development
7. Why did the normal rat develop a palpable goiter with the propylthiouracil injection?
You correctly answered: d. The injection decreased the negative feedback mechanism on TSH.
05/15/19 page 9
Review Sheet Results
1. Part 1: Determining the Basal Metabolic Rates
Which rat had the fastest basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Your answer:
normal rat
2. Why did the metabolic rates differ between the normal rat and the surgically altered rats? How well did the results
compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
because the organs that play an important role for maintaining the BMR were removed in the other rats, such as thyroid or
pituitary gland, as i predicted
3. If an animal has been thyroidectomized, what hormone(s) would be missing in its blood?
Your answer:
Thyroxine
4. If an animal has been hypophysectomized, what effect would you expect to see in the hormone levels in its body?
Your answer:
the animal would lose TSH so nothing can stimulatethe thyroid to secrete thyroxine
5. Part 2: Determining the Effect of Thyroxine on Metabolic Rate
What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the normal rat's BMR?
Your answer:
hyperthyroidic
6. What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the thyroidectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare
with the normal rat's BMR? Was the dose of thyroxine in the syringe too large, too small, or just right?
Your answer:
BMR wa increased to 1935 but still lower the normal but higher than normal without drugs cause BMR was over than 1800
thyroxine, dose was too large
7. What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the hypophysectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case
compare with the normal rat's BMR? Was the dose of thyroxine in the syringe too large, too small, or just right?
Your answer:
it raised the BMR to 1895, but not as high as the thyroidectomized or noemal rats with thyroxine cause it is over than 1800,
dose was too large
8. Part 3: Determining the Effect of TSH on Metabolic Rate
What was the effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) injections on the normal rat's BMR?
Your answer:
the bornal ray became hyperthyroidic
9. What was the effect of TSH injections on the thyroidectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare with
the normal rat's BMR? Why was this effect observed?
Your answer:
05/15/19 page 10
it did not raise the BMR almost it was still remaind in hypothyroid under 1600
10. What was the effect of TSH injections on the hypophysectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare
with the normal rat's BMR? Was the dose of TSH in the syringe too large, too small, or just right?
Your answer:
it became 1918 below the normal but it went to hyperthyroid so dose was too large
05/15/19 page 11
Name: KELOMPOK 1 ACT 2
Exercise 4: Endocrine System Physiology: Activity 2: Plasma Glucose, Insulin, and Diabetes Mellitus Lab Report

1. Which of the following statements is false?

You correctly answered: d. Insulin is a hormone secreted into the stomach to aid with starch digestion.

You correctly answered: d. All of these statements are true.
3. A diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus implies that

You correctly answered: b. the pancreas is not producing sufficient insulin.
4. A diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus implies that

You correctly answered: c. the cells of the body are unresponsive to circulating insulin.
5. Glucagon is a hormone
You correctly answered: b. that opposes the action of insulin.
05/15/19 page 1
Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question: To measure the amount of plasma glucose in a patient sample
Your answer : a. the glucose concentration of the sample will be measured and the optical density will be extrapolated from
the glucose standard curve.

Why does the color in the tubes vary?
You correctly answered: c. The tubes contain different amounts of glucose.
Experiment Data:
Tube Optical Density Glucose (mg/deciliter)

Part 1 1 0.30 30
2 0.50 60
3 0.60 90
4 0.80 120
5 1.00 150
Part 2 1 0.73 104
2 0.79 159
3 0.89 160
4 0.83 160
5 0.96 160
05/15/19 page 2
1. A male patient has had successive fasting plasma glucose readings of 115, 110, and 122 mg/dl. The healthcare provider
will inform him that
You correctly answered: c. he appears to have impairment or borderline impairment of insulin-mediated glucose uptake by
his cells.
2. To obtain an accurate spectrophotometric measurement of the glucose concentration in the sample

You correctly answered: d. heparin is added to prevent blood clots.
3. In the spectrophotometric assay used in this experiment, the __________ as the glucose concentration in the sample
increases.
You correctly answered: b. optical density increases
4. A female patient has had successive fasting plasma glucose readings of 130, 140, and 128 mg/dl. The healthcare
provider will inform her that
You correctly answered: a. she has developed diabetes.
5. To maintain plasma glucose homeostasis

You correctly answered: d. insulin-mediated transport of glucose into cells acts as negative feedback when plasma glucose
levels rise.
6. A laboratory technician withdraws a blood sample from a vein in your upper arm knowing that
You correctly answered: b. the plasma glucose concentration will be the same in both the arm vein and the index finger.
05/15/19 page 3
1. What is a glucose standard curve, and why did you need to obtain one for this experiment? Did you correctly predict
how you would measure the amount of plasma glucose in a patient sample using the glucose standard curve?
Your answer:
show the intensity of the color obtained and measured on a spectrophotometer to the gluose conc
2. Which patient(s) had glucose reading(s) in the diabetic range? Can you say with certainty whether each of these
patients has type 1 or type 2 diabetes? Why or why not?
Your answer:
it was shown that patient number 3 and 5 had a fasting plasma glucose in the diabetic range. its not possible to tell if they
have type 1 or 2 diabetes just from the fasting plasma glucose
3. Describe the diagnosis for patient 3, who was also pregnant at the time of this assay.
Your answer:
gestational diabetes is the right diagnosis. this type of diabetes often disappear after the pregnancy
4. Which patient(s) had normal glucose reading(s)?

Your answer:
patient 1 and 3 where normal
5. What are some lifestyle choices these patients with normal plasma glucose readings might recommend to the borderline
impaired patients?
Your answer:
Eat some food which is contain a less sugar, and high protein. and also must doing some exercise to balance that
05/15/19 page 4
Name: Kelompok 01
Exercise 4: Endocrine System Physiology: Activity 3: Hormone Replacement Therapy Lab Report

1. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

You correctly answered: d. stimulates ovarian follicle development.
2. Estrogen
You correctly answered: d. is produced by developing ovarian follicles.
3. Calcitonin
You correctly answered: b. works against the development of osteoporosis.

You correctly answered: c. The ovaries stop secreting estrogen after menopause.
05/22/19 page 1
Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question 1: What effect will the saline injections have on the control rat's vertebral bone density?
Your answer : c. The saline injections will not change the rat's vertebral bone density (indicated by an unchanging T score).
Predict Question 2: What effect will the estrogen injections have on the estrogen-treated rat's vertebral bone density?
Your answer : a. The estrogen injections will increase the rat's vertebral bone density (indicated by a less-negative T score).
Predict Question 3: What effect will the calcitonin injections have on the calcitonin-treated rat's vertebral bone density?
Your answer : a. The calcitonin injections will increase the rat's vertebral bone density (indicated by a less-negative T
score).
Experiment Data:
Rat Elapsed Days Saline injections Estrogen injections Calcitonin T score

injections
Control 7 7 0 0 -2.82
Estrogen 7 0 7 0 -1.69
Calcitonin 7 0 0 7 -2.11
05/22/19 page 2
1. Saline injections were used in this experiment to measure the effect of

You correctly answered: c. a placebo on bone density.
2. In the ovariectomized rats used in this experiment

You correctly answered: d. osteoporosis was evident prior to the injections of estrogen.
3. Injection of calcitonin into an ovariectomized rat will

You correctly answered: b. inhibit osteoclast activity and stimulate calcium uptake and deposition in long bones.
4. As the rat's bone density increases

You correctly answered: a. the X-ray scanning assay reports a less-negative T-score.
05/22/19 page 3
1. Why were ovariectomized rats used in this experiment? How does the fact that the rats are ovariectomized explain their
baseline T scores?
Your answer:
Ovariectomized rats refers to them having estrogen deficiency induced bone loss, particularly during early stages of
osteoporosis. They are used because they are the most accurate model for adult humas osteoporosis.
2. What effect did the administration of saline injections have on the control rat? How well did the results compare with
your prediction?
Your answer:
The saline injections were used as a placebo, as i predicted
3. What effect did the administration of estrogen injections have on the estrogen-treated rat? How well did the results
Your answer:
The estrogen injections increased the bone density readings, as i predicted
4. What effect did the administration of calcitonin injections have on the calcitonin-treated rat? How well did the results
Your answer:
The calcitonin injections increased bone density
5. What are some health risks that postmenopausal women must consider when contemplating estrogen
hormone-replacement therapy?
Your answer:
some health risks associated with estrogen therapy in the postmenopausal phase are the defelopment of breast,
endometrial, ovarian and other types of cancer as well as other serious health conditions such as blood clotting.
05/22/19 page 4
Name: KELOMPOK 01
Exercise 4: Endocrine System Physiology: Activity 4: Measuring Cortisol and Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Lab Report

1. Cortisol
You correctly answered: d. is a hormone important in the body's response to stress.
2. ACTH
You correctly answered: d. is a tropic hormone that stimulates cortisol release.
3. CRH
You correctly answered: b. has a tropic effect on the anterior pituitary gland.
4. Cushing's syndrome refers to

You correctly answered: c. a hypercortisolism, which could be iatrogenic.
5. A condition of hypocortisolism
You correctly answered: d. refers to low levels of cortisol in the blood.
05/22/19 page 1
Experiment Results
Normally high levels of cortisol would inhibit release of
You correctly answered: c. both ACTH and CRH
Which hormone(s) stimulate(s) the pituitary gland to release ACTH?

You correctly answered: a. CRH
Experiment Data:
Patient Cortisol High/Low ACTH High/Low

(mcg/dl) (pg/ml)
1 3.10 Low 18.67 Low
2 31.25 High 12.34 Low
3 46.78 High 82.98 High
4 2.27 Low 101.52 High
5 53.95 High 19.94 Low
05/22/19 page 2
1. Under normal conditions, if the amount of secreted CRH increases, then

You correctly answered: c. the amount of secreted ACTH will increase.
2. Under normal conditions, if the amount of secreted ACTH increases, then

You correctly answered: d. the amount of secreted CRH will likely decrease.
3. Under normal conditions, if the amount of secreted cortisol increases, then

You correctly answered: b. the amount of secreted ACTH will likely decrease.
4. If a hypersecreting pituitary tumor develops, then an expected outcome is

You correctly answered: a. a diagnosis of Cushing's disease.
5. If a hypersecreting adrenal cortex tumor develops, then an expected outcome is

You correctly answered: b. abnormally low levels of CRH due to negative feedback.
6. A patient's chart lists the diagnosis of Addison's disease. Therefore, you expect
You correctly answered: b. abnormally high levels of ACTH.
05/22/19 page 3
1. Which patient would most likely be diagnosed with Cushing's disease (view Table 4.1 in Experiment Results)? Why?
Your answer:
patient 3, because his plasma contain high cortisol and ACTH
2. Which two patients have hormone levels characteristic of Cushing's syndrome (view Table 4.1 in Experiment Results)?
Your answer:
patient 2 and 5 because both of them have high cortisol adn low ACTH in their plasma
3. Patient 2 is being treated for rheumatoid arthritis with prednisone. How does this information change the diagnosis (view
Table 4.1 in Experiment Results)?
Your answer:
Prednisone is kind of medicine that can reduce the cortisol level so that too can stimulated the ACTH when the cortisol
released.
4. Which patient would most likely be diagnosed with Addison's disease (view Table 4.1 in Experiment Results)? Why?
Your answer:
patient 4, because his plasma contain low cortisol and high ACTH. the low level of cortisol can cause damage to the anterior
pituitary.
05/22/19 page 4

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Name: KELOMPOK 01

Pre-lab Quiz Results

1. Which of the following statements about metabolism is false?

3. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is

5. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is

6. Which of the following statements is true?

Stop & Think Questions:

ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour

Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr

ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour

Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr

ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour

Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr

The normal rat is

The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is

The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is

ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour

Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr

ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour

Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr

ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour

Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr

The normal rat is

The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is

The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is

ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour

Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr

ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour

Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr

ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour

Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr

The normal rat is

The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is

The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is

ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour

Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr

ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour

Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr

ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour

Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr

The normal rat is

The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is

The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is

Rat Weight (g) ml O2/min ml O2/hr BMR Palpation Injected

Which rat had the fastest basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

5. Part 2: Determining the Effect of Thyroxine on Metabolic Rate

8. Part 3: Determining the Effect of TSH on Metabolic Rate

Pre-lab Quiz Results

1. Which of the following statements is false?

2. Which of the following statements is true?

3. A diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus implies that

4. A diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus implies that

Stop & Think Questions:

Tube Optical Density Glucose (mg/deciliter)

2. To obtain an accurate spectrophotometric measurement of the glucose concentration in the sample

5. To maintain plasma glucose homeostasis

4. Which patient(s) had normal glucose reading(s)?

Pre-lab Quiz Results

1. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

4. Which of the following statements is true?

Rat Elapsed Days Saline injections Estrogen injections Calcitonin T score

1. Saline injections were used in this experiment to measure the effect of

2. In the ovariectomized rats used in this experiment