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CHAPTER - 1
INTRODUCTION
Western astrology has been influenced firstly by Jung in 20th century and has
mainly focused on the psychological nature of individuals and secondly by the
discovery of new planets, asteroids, whose effect on human beings has been
determined through statistical measurements by experts. Western Astrology is
mainly concerned with person’s character, psychology and personality.
Western astrology considers only the person’s date of birth. It construct the
horoscope, based on exact moment of person’s birth and the effect of various
heavenly bodies at that time. Western Astrology considers the Sun Sign as the base
for all predictions. The Sun Sign uses time of birth and date of birth to perform
predictions. Western zodiac is tropical. In the tropical zodiac, the beginning point of
aries or zodiac is considered when the Sun crosses the earth’s equator.
Introduction 2
of astrology relates it to statistics and probability. Statistics helps in finding out the
correlation between two or more seemingly independent events or variables without
identifying the reason behind the correlation. If astrological chart of 1000 people are
analysed for similar events in life then it can be observed that some astrological
rules are true in 70% to 80% of them. In this case we can say that the certain
combinations of planets are statistically significant for the occurrence of a specific
event in one's life. Certain planetary combinations in one's horoscope results in a
forecast, which are apparently accurate in 70 to 80 percent of charts containing said
combinations. Why this happens has yet to be explained, but the evidence suggests
that events can be predicted with statistical consequence.
Predictions in Vedic Astrology use the Moon Sign as the base. The Moon
Sign uses the date, place and time of birth to bring greater precision in predictions.
All horoscopes and forecasts are based on person’s Moon Sign. According to Vedic
astrology there are 27 constellations made up of 12 zodiac signs, 9 planets and 12
houses with each house and planet representing some aspect of human life.
Depending on persons birth, the 12 signs are distributed among the 12 houses and 9
planets are placed in various houses. This representation of the snapshot of the signs
and planets is called a horoscope chart.
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Vedic zodiac is Sidereal. In Sidereal system define the zodiac signs based on
27 constellations, or fixed star groups. Aries, the first zodiac sign, is aligned with the
constellation called Aswini. Vedic astrology understands only nine planets Sun,
Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and the two nodes called Rahu and
Ketu. These rahu and ketu are nodes, identified as two points on orbit of sun which
the Moon cuts every month as it revolve round the earth in 29.5 days.
In Vedic Astrology along with 12 signs the 360 degree circle is divided into
27 constellations called nakshatras, which was initially identified with particular
stars, but now cover 13 degrees 20 minutes span. Vedic Astrology uses dasha that is
planetary periods to identify major events or incident’s in person’s life. The periods
of all nine planets is divided into 6 to 20 years totaling 120 years, the influence of
planets in their own period is very predominate in the individual's life.
To find the position of planets, sun and moon for a horoscope the astrologer
needs to know the exact birth place, the date of the birth and the exact birth time, of
the person. The planets placed on the horoscope are the Sun, Moon, Saturn, Venus,
Jupiter, Mars, Mercury, Rahu, Ketu. The Earth is not considered in the horoscope
because it is the place in the universe from where we see the other planets.
Astrology consider the Sun and Moon as planets.
Introduction 5
The horoscope is divided into twelve houses. Each house represents some or
the other aspect of life, such as health, status, career, romance, family etc. each
horoscope will have vacant houses because there are nine planets. Vacant houses
talks about the aspect of life for which we don’t require to worry. The possible
number of charts which can be made with the combination of these planets, houses
and rashis is 45 millions. The position of the sun during person’s birth determines
person’s sun sign. The effect of planets are studied with respect to their effect on the
sun sign. Moon sign is studied along with the position of Moon and rest of planets
and in the horoscope. The astrological chart or horoscope is used to perform
astrological prediction of a person’s life and events in life. Horoscope describes the
map of the planets and zodiac signs at the time of a person’s birth.
1.2.1 Houses/Bhavas
Horoscope consist of 12 houses or bhavas, based on the location of one’s
ascendant or lagna in the zodiac sign defines the first house in chart. Each planets,
rashis and the nakshatras have its own basic qualities. Analysis of a person’s chart is
done from the lagna point of view, based on the position of these rashis and planets
from lagna, helps to understand different aspects and events of person’s life and
provide them a personal touch. The sign in which lagna or ascent is placed become
first house.
In every horoscope there are two types of houses that is good and bad. The
good houses are triangles and squares of the horoscope. The triangles are 1, 5 and 9
houses. Squares are 1, 4, 7 and 10. First house is square corner as well as triangle
hence it is consider very auspicious and powerful. Rest six houses in the horoscope
are considered as average and bad. House number 6, 8 and 12 are consider bad.
1. First House: Lagna or first house is also called as Tanu sthana or Dhama
bhava and is very auspicious house in horoscope. It is considered to represent
person’s head, health, character, longevity and nature of the person. It is a
kendra a trikona.
Introduction 8
Nine planets are placed in the twelve houses in horoscope. They produce
different results and at times totally opposite results due to placements of planets and
aspects between these planets.
Figure 1.5: Chart describing the houses effecting various aspect of persons life
Laxmi sthanas are 1st, 5th, and 9th houses in horoscope are the most
powerful and auspicious houses called Trikonasor or trine houses. They are also
called Lakshmi Sthanas because they rule all kinds of prosperities.
Kendras or quadrants are 1st, 4th, 7th, and 10th houses in horoscope are also
auspicious and powerful houses after konas.
Dusthanas or bad houses are 6th, 8th, and 12 houses in horoscope.
Dharma houses are 1st, 5th, and 9th houses in horoscope.
Artha houses are 2nd, 6th, and 10th houses in horoscope.
Kama houses are 3rd, 7th, and 11th houses in horoscope.
Moksha houses are 4th, 8th, and 12th houses in horoscope.
Introduction 10
2. Moon or Chandra: The moon is the fastest moving of the nine planets and
takes approximately two and half days to travel a rashi. It’s gem is pearl,
metal is silver, colour is white and direction north-east. It is also a royal
planet and is considered queen in astrology. It represents the mind, emotions,
sensitivity, the mother, house and domestic comforts, milk, sea and all things
connected with the sea, hotel and food industry, textiles and apparels. When
the sun and moon are in the same rashi it is called amavasya or new moon
day or the 1st day of the dark fortnight. The lunar days changes with every
12 degree difference between the sun and the moon. When the sun and the
moon are in the exact opposite signs or 180 degrees apart, it is called
poornima or the full moon day or the 1st day of the bright fortnight. He is the
matrukaraka or planet connected with mother. The sign in which your Moon
is placed in the birth chart is called your janma rashi or birth zodiac. The star
constellation in which your Moon is placed is called your janma nakshatra.
3. Mars or Mangala: Mars takes about 45 days to travel one rashi. Its gem is
coral, metal is copper, colour is red and direction is south. It is the
commander in astrology. It represents energy, courage, younger brothers &
sisters, armed forces, the police forces, commanders, administrators, men in
high position, land, engineering, metals, real estate agents and surgery. It is
the bhatrukaraka or planet connected with brother.
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7. Saturn or Shani: Saturn is the slowest planet out of all other planets. It
takes nearly two and half years to travel a rashi and completes the round of
the zodiac in 30 years. Its gem is blue sapphire, metal is iron, colour is blue
and direction is west. He is the Udyoga karaka or planet connected with
profession. It is considered as servant in astrology. It represents hard work,
old men, sorrow, servants and the lower level workers, people in the iron and
steel industry, municipality and drainage works. A well placed Saturn can
bestow excellent power, name, prestige and fame and a badly placed Saturn
can devastate you.
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8. Rahu or Dragons Head or North Node: Rahu takes nearly one and half
years to travel a rashi and travels the round of the zodiac in 18 years. Its gem
is gomedh, metal is mixed-metal and colour is black. It represents foreigners,
foreign travel, foreign countries, old men, grandparents, engineering and the
technical trades, smoke, theft, drinking, gambling, the underworld and the
bad elements in the society.
9. Ketu or Dragons Tail or South Node: Ketu takes approximately one and
half years to travel a rashi and travels round the zodiac in 18 years. Its gem is
cat's eye and colour is brown. Ketu is always in the opposite sign to Rahu,
that is exactly 180 degrees away. It represents grandparents, spiritual
inclinations, technical trades, electronics and superstitions.
Vrishabha Rashi are fond of music and mantras. They will be involved in
long journeys. They have inbuilt business abilities. They have to be careful
and have to avoid self-indulgence. Throat, heart bladder and heart are
sensitive organs and may have medical problems. The dasha periods of Sun,
Mercury, Saturn and Rahu are good for person born in Vrishab Rashi. The
dasha period of planets Jupiter, Venus, Moon and Ketu are bad for person.
Saturn is the benefactor.
5. Simh or Leo: Ruler of Leo is sun. It ranges from 120 to 150 degrees. The
person born in this rashi have capability to guide and inspire others. The
person have magnetic personality and get governmental recognition. They
are extremist in love and philosophy and like to visit places with natural
Introduction 14
beauty. The person may suffer from health problems related to heart,
stomach, tooth and poor blood circulation. The dasha period of planets Sun,
Mars and Rahu are good for person. The dasha period of planets Mercury,
Venus and Ketu are bad for the person.
7. Tula or Libra: Ruler of Libra is Venus. It ranges from 180 to 210 degrees.
The person born under this rashi is god fearing, spiritual in nature and always
interested in gaining knowledge. They judge after listing from both side and
have gentle manner. They have less children. The person may suffer from
health problems related to liver and kidney. The dasha periods of planets
Moon, Jupiter, Sun and Ketu are bad for the person.
They will suffer with diseases related to excess of heat in the body. The
dasha periods of planets Sun, Moon and Mars are good for person. The dasha
periods of Moon and Venus are bad for person.
11. Kumbh or Aquarius: Ruler of Aquarius is Saturn. It ranges from 300 to 330
degrees. Many great thinkers and saints have born under this sign. Person
born under this sign are idealist, they are impacted by their friends. They
may do unexpected travels and may face problem at family front. If
significant planets favour then this persons can become perfect servants of
mankind contributing their knowledge and wisdom for the success of human
beings. They may become self centred and unconcerned in case of lack of
spirituality. They may suffer from health problems related to legs, eyes, ears
and teeth. They may face problem related to lack of blood circulation. The
dasha periods of planets Sun, Venus, Saturn and Rahu are good for person.
The dasha periods of planets Jupiter, Moon and Mars are bad for the person.
12. Meen or Pisces: Ruler of Pisces is Jupiter. It ranges from 330 to 360
degrees. The persons born under this sign are emotional and analytical in
nature. They are affectionate and loving towards family and friends. They try
to help others. They have moods that keeps on fluctuating. They may have
many siblings. The kids of this persons are lucky. They will succeed in life if
they pursue artistic or intellectual lines. They may suffer from cold and
mucous discharges. They may suffer from ailments due to long journeys. The
Introduction 16
dasha period of planets Mars, Moon and Ketu are good for person. The dasha
periods of planets Venus, Sun and Mercury are bad for person and these
periods will be very critical in their lives.
Rashi is the sign that was occupied by the moon at the time of a person’s
birth. Natural order and rulers of rashi are given below:
1.2.4 Nakshatras
The circle of the nakshatras is one of the earliest elements found in Vedic
Astrology because the Moon returns to the same stars with in every 27 days. The 27
nakshatras also extend along the sign from 0° to 360°. Nakshatras are owned by
various planets, the planets rahu and ketu also own the nakshatras. Each nakshatra is
divided into four padas or charanas. Each nakshatra is of 13°20'. Initially, the
nakshatras were used primarily for muhurta, the practice of choosing the best time to
initiate an action, such as getting married, starting a war, building a house, and so
on. Over time, the nakshatra placement of the moon became the core element in the
calculation of many dasha systems, and was also used to indicate the major life
themes in a natal chart.
Introduction 17
They are religious by nature. They tend to suffer from skin troubles, cough
and cold.
9. Ashlesha: It ranges from 16040-300. It is ruled by Mercury. Deity of
Ashlesha is Sarpa, the Serpent god. Its symbol is Serpent. Person born in
Ashlesha makes successful politicians and have good communication skills.
They are good at administration. They are Moody, short tempered and
wicked.
10. Magha: It ranges from 00-13020. It is ruled by Ketu. Deity of Magha is Pitr,
the Father. Its symbol is Royal Throne. Person born in Magha respects
others, devoted, trustworthy and have moral standard. They may suffer from
asthma, cancer or epilepsy.
11. Purva Phalguni: It ranges from 13020-26040. It is ruled by Venus. Deity of
Purva Phalguni is Bhaga, God of good fortune. Its symbol is Front Legs of
Bed, Hammock, Fig Tree. Person born in Purva Phalguni is brave, lucky,
clever and generally good looking. They tend to suffer from headache, sinus,
blood pressure.
12. Uttara Phalguni: It ranges from 26040-10000. It is ruled by Sun. Deity of
Uttara Phalguni is Aryaman, God of favour. Its symbol is Four legs of bed,
Hammock. Person born in Uttara Phalguni are kind hearted, have patience,
very ambitious and happy with family. They tend to get success in
construction, event planning, hospitality and publicity related work. They
may suffer from dental and gastric problems.
13. Hasta: It ranges from 10000-23020. It is ruled by Moon. Deity of Hasta is
Savitr, a form of the Sun. Its symbol is Hand or fist. Person born in Hasta are
generally famous, religious minded and possess wealth. They are tall and
thin. They are good in organising and managing things. They tend to suffer
from cough, cold, sinus and heart aliments.
14. Chitra: It ranges from 23020-06040. It is ruled by Mars. Deity of Chitra is
Vishvakarma, the Chief of Construction. Its symbol is Bright Jewel or Pearl.
Person born in chitra are expert in politics, extra intelligent and healthy.
They may suffer from psychiatric and brain disorder.
Introduction 19
and stubborn. They can be ambassador or politicians. They may suffer from
ulcers, orthopaedic and dental problems.
A segment of the zodiac from 6°40' to 10°53' in the Makara rashi, involving
the last quarter of Uttara Ashadha nakshatra and the beginning of Sharavana, is
sometimes treated as a separate nakshatra by the name Abhijit. Thus increasing the
number of nakshatras to twenty eight. In such case Abhijit is considered as the
twenty second nakshatra, and the subsequent six nakshatras from Shravana are
numbered from 23 to 28, instead of 22 to 27.
Shada Bala is collection of above six types of planetary strength. The shada
bala of a planet informs us whether a planet is powerful enough to perform its role in
a person’s horoscope. A planet powerful in a shada bala has the tendency to provide
good or bad outcomes based on its characteristics. On the other hand, a poor planet
will provide illnesses and complications and will not be capable of giving outcomes.
The second triangle formed by Virgo, Taurus, and Capricorn are earth signs
also called as bhu tatwa. The people having these signs are down to earth, careful
and practical in nature. They have the artha aspect predominant.
The third triangle formed by Libra, Gemini, and Aquarius are air signs also
called as vayu tatwa. People having these signs are carefree, intelligent, jovial and
social and enjoy life. They have the kama aspect predominant.
The fourth triangle formed by Scorpio, Cancer and Pisces are water signs
also called as jala tatwa. People having these signs are emotional, romantic,
sensitive, artistic, spiritual. They have moksha aspect predominant.
Taurus, Scorpio, Leo and Aquarius are sthira or fixed rashis. They form the
second quadrangle. People with sthira rashis take their time to act, have fixed
thoughts, don’t like changes, and have fixed views and ways of performing things.
Introduction 24
Gemini, Virgo, Sagittarius, and Pisces are dwichara or dual rashis. They
form the 3rd quadrangle. People with dwichara rashis are very intelligent and they
like exploring new paths and theories.
Thus for each planet the 12 signs of the zodiac are either in the Own house,
Neutral house, Friends house, Enemy house or Bitter enemy house.
Introduction 25
( | ) ( | ) ( | ) ( | ) ( ) (1.2)
The horoscope has many combinations of planets and zodiacs present. As per
astrology each such combination makes a significant impact on the human life. In
present software there are few fixed rules define for these combination thus
providing the generalized prediction for everyone. Hence the prediction done by the
software are static in nature and do not cater the need of individual and even not
consider all aspects of life. These software’s do not have the capabilities of self
learning. As per best of knowledge very few scientific experiments are done on
astrological prediction. Hence the scientific validity of the rules has not been proved
till now.
Expert machines are built in various fields for analysis and predictions of the
data. These machines learn from the previous data and perform the required task
independently using various Artificial Intelligent Techniques for example weather
forecasting, medical diagnosis, financial analysis etc. Like other fields astrological
chart analysis and prediction can be treated as same and predictions can be made
accurately. But no research has been reported till now to create such a expert system
for astrological prediction.
etc. The domain of many of this fields is similar and unknown like astrology. Hence
CBR and AI techniques can be used for astrological data classification and
prediction
Chapter 2: In this chapter work related to study are explored, key work done and
methodologies used by various researchers. The literature review is done for
Astrology, Case Base Reasoning, applications of Artificial Intelligence using
classification techniques and AI techniques which is available for classification and
prediction.. Also a systematic review of various domains in which classification
techniques are used is also discussed.
Chapter 3: This chapter provides an overview and justification for the research
endeavor under taken. It contains the overview of the thesis outlining the specific
aim of the research. It provides the significance of the study by identifying
objectives, scope and contributions. Chapter concludes by stating necessary research
questions in order to focus the study and direct the answering of them towards the
research outcomes.
Chapter 4: This chapter covers the essential methodologies used in the research. It
also provides the in depth details of the various methods used in research work. It
provides the base for the research work under taken and justifies the choices made in
the research design.
Chapter 5: This chapter describes about the system design of ADSSAP (Analysis
and Decision Support System for Astrological prediction) and discusses about the
conceptual research design. It also covers the architectural design and the
components of the framework. These chapter also discusses about the
implementation of various phases of Case Based Reasoning and method of data
collection and creation for the research and the attributes used in this research. It
also provides an overview of estimation parameters used.
Introduction 29
Chapter 6: This chapter covers the final investigation and experiments for the
research work. Classification methods were applied on various sets of data. Results
were monitored. Eight research cases were implemented as experiments and each
case was performed using various algorithms and settings and results are presented
over here.
Chapter 7: The thesis is concluded in this chapter, with a summary of the key
findings from the research conducted over here. This chapter also explores the
limitation of the research work and scope of future work to be carried out.