Anchor Channel - 202 Seismic Design of Facade Attachments

26.09.
2018
ANCHOR CHANNEL – 202:

SEISMIC DESIGN OF
FAÇADE ATTACHMENTS
Jabeen Siddiqui, P.E., M.S.,
September 26th, 2018
Plano, TX
Anchor Channel 202:

Seismic Design of Façade Attachments

Hilti Anchor Channel Engineer
Plano, TX
Continuing education credits will be issued for all attendees of today’s

webinar. One and a half (1.5) hours of credit is approved by NCSEA.
Seismic Design with Anchor Channel Systems 2
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26.09.2018
HILTI ANCHOR CHANNEL WEBINAR ROADMAP
Anchor Channel 101: Anchor Channel 201: Anchor Channel 202: Anchor Channel 301:
Fundamentals of Cast-in Design of Façade Seismic Design of Façade Corner Design of Façade
Anchor Channels Attachments to Concrete Attachments to Concrete Attachments to Concrete
Structures Structures Structures
Nua Nua
Vua,x
Vua,y Vua,y
OBJECTIVES:
• Understanding seismic action/loading
• Design code compliant anchor channel systems for structures located in Seismic
Design Categories (SDC) C, D, E or F
• Creating awareness of importance of checking seismic loads for non-structural
components
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26.09.2018
AGENDA
• Introduction to Seismic
• Overview of Seismic Design for Anchor Channel
• Seismic Detailing Requirements
• Differences Between Analysis in SDC C, D, E or F and SDC A or B
• Seismic Design Example
• Summary
AGENDA
• Summary
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26.09.2018
WHY SEISMIC…?
Highest
Hazard Seismic Design
Category (SDC)
E
D2
D1
D0
C
B
A
Lowest
Hazard
Figure from USGS (https://www.livescience.com/46855-earthquake-map-us-risk-zones.html)
STATIC VS SEISMIC LOADING

STATIC SEISMIC
No cyclic load with inertia Large load cycling with inertia force
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BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE UNDER STATIC AND SEISMIC

LOADING VEL VEL
limits crack width to 0.5 mm

limits crack width to 0.3 mm
SEISMIC DESIGN FOR NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
STRUCTURAL NONSTRUCTURAL
Nonstructural systems are separate from structural systems and a clear distinction is made in the building codes and standards. These applications may involve suspended ceilings, conduit
attachments, mechanical, plumbing, electrical and communications equipment, doors, windows, wood sill plates, cold‐formed steel track attachments, architectural components and other
applications that are not part of the structural systems.
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26.09.2018
SEISMIC DESIGN FOR NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
• Non-structural systems suffer the largest damage in commercial buildings

during an earthquake.
• Seismic conditions significantly change the behavior of anchors, compared

to static conditions. It’s important to include seismic design for both
structural and non-structural elements.
AGENDA
• Summary
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26.09.2018
SEISMIC DESIGN OF ANCHOR CHANNEL SYSTEMS
Pre-AC232 (prior to 2015) Post-AC232

Anchor channel test for stimulated
No Yes
(sinusoidal) loads seismic test?
Design basis Manufacturer’s published data State-of-the-art AC232
Design provision for methodology
No Yes
regarding seismic design?
Design provisions Allowable Stress Design Strength Design (LRFD)
Seismic loads -- Non Analyzed based on seismic
Seismic load analysis
regulated (open to EJ) provisions
Through positive load transfer
Transfer of longitudinal seismic loads Non-regulated (open to EJ)
mechanism
CODE LANDSCAPE FOR ANCHOR CHANNEL SYSTEMS

IBC ACI 318 AC232 ESR
(Appendix D or Chapter 17) AC232 provisions act as

(Chapter 19) (ESR)
amendments to ACI 318
ASCE Anchoring to Concrete
provisions
ESR provides recognition under the IBC
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CAN LONGITUDINAL SEISMIC FORCES BE TRANSFERRED

VIA FRICTION?
Pretension forces
Clamping
forces
• Long-term bolt relaxation
• Jobsite error
• Variances
• Unpredictable
FRICTION • Sensitive to installation
POSITIVE CONNECTION
AC232 – Page 8
Transfer of shear load in the direction of the longitudinal channel axis
from the channel bolt via channel and anchors into the concrete shall use a
positive load transfer mechanism that shall be capable to ensure safe and
effective behavior under normal and adverse conditions., both during
installation and in service. Factors included are installation conditions in
concrete and torqueing of the channel bolts.
Positive Connection:
Does not rely on gravity or friction for resistance. A mechanical
interlock or adhesive bond shall be present.
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26.09.2018
POSITIVE LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISM OF ANCHOR

CHANNEL ALONG THE LONGITUDINAL CHANNEL AXIS
Smooth channel lip with locking
channel bolt
Positive connection
via mechanical
interlock between
channel lips and t- (4) Notches in channel lip are
HAC + HBC-C-N bolt head created by HBC-C-N after
installation torque is applied.
POSITIVE LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISM OF ANCHOR

CHANNEL ALONG THE LONGITUDINAL CHANNEL AXIS
Serrated channel lip with serrated
channel bolt
Positive connection Channel comes with

via mechanical pre-made serrations.
Installation torque is
interlock between lower than the one
channel lips and t- required for the
HAC-T + HBC-T bolt head notched t-bolt.
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INDUSTRY TRENDS FOR CAST-IN ANCHOR CHANNELS
2016 California Building code, Vol.2
AGENDA
• Summary
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ACI 318-14 – SEISMIC PROVISIONS

17.2.3 Seismic design
17.2.3.1 Anchors in structures assigned to Seismic Design
Category (SDC) C, D, E, or F shall satisfy the additional
requirements of 17.2.3.2 through 17.2.3.7.
R17.2.3 Seismic design—Unless 17.2.3.4.1 or 17.2.3.5.1

apply, all anchors in structures assigned to Seismic Design
Categories (SDC) C, D, E, or F are required to satisfy the
additional requirements of 17.2.3.1 through 17.2.3.7, regard-
less of whether earthquake loads are included in the
controlling load combination for the anchor design.
ACI 318-14 SEISMIC PROVISIONS -TENSION

17.2.3.1 Anchors in structures assigned to Seismic Design Category (SDC) C, D, E, or F shall satisfy the additional
requirements of 17.2.3.2 through 17.2.3.7.
17.2.3.4 Requirements for tensile loading
>
17.2.3.4.1 Where the tensile component of the strength-level earthquake 17.2.3.4.2 Where the tensile component of the strength-level earthquake
force applied to a single anchor or group of anchors is equal to or less than force applied to anchors exceeds 20 percent of the total factored anchor
20 percent of the total factored anchor tensile force associated with the tensile force associated with the same load combination, anchors and
same load combination, it shall be permitted to design a single anchor or their attachments shall be designed in accordance with 17.2.3.4.3. The
group of anchors to satisfy 17.4 and the tensile strength requirements of anchor design tensile strength shall be determined in accordance with
17.3.1.1. 17.2.3.4.4.
This provision permits design without special seismic If this condition is not met, the special seismic provisions
provisions for the small orthogonal component. apply.
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ACI 318-14 SEISMIC PROVISIONS - SHEAR

17.2.3.5 Requirements for shear loading
U U
Nu Nu
Vu < 0.2U Vu > 0.2U

17.2.3.5.1 Where the shear component of the strengthlevel 17.2.3.5.2 Where the shear component of the strengthlevel
earthquake force applied to the anchor or group of earthquake force applied to anchors exceeds 20 percent
anchors is equal to or less than 20 percent of the total factored of the total factored anchor shear force associated with the
anchor shear force associated with the same load combination, same load combination, anchors and their attachments shall
it shall be permitted to design the anchor or group of be designed in accordance with 17.2.3.5.3. The anchor
anchors to satisfy 17.5 and the shear strength requirements design shear strength for resisting earthquake forces shall be
of 17.3.1.1. determined in accordance with 17.5.
If this condition is not met, the special seismic provisions

apply.
SEISMIC PROVISIONS FOR TENSION; ACI 318-14

Anchor Design of attachment Seismic Load
Yielding Yielding Non-yielding Overstrength Factor
a) Anchor resistance b) Anchorage designed for a plastic c) Anchorage designed for capacity d) Anchorage designed for a multiple of
governed by ductile anchor hinge 17.2.3.4.3(b) of structural system 17.2.3.4.3(c) the calculated seismic force 17.2.3.4.3(d)
yield 17.2.3.4.3(a)
Configurations for illustration purposes
Figures taken from seismic presentation by John Silva
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SEISMIC DESIGN PROVISIONS FOR SHEAR; ACI 318-14

Design of Attachment Seismic Load
Yielding Non - Yielding Overstrength Factor
(b)Anchorage designed for capacity of structural system c) Anchorage designed for a multiple of the calculated
a) Anchorage designed for a plastic hinge 17.2.3.5.3(a) 17.2.3.5.3(b) seismic force 17.2.3.5.3(c)
Configurations for illustration purposes
Figures taken from seismic presentation by John Silva
ACI 318-14 SEISMIC INTENT

Option b
Seismic Detailing :- Tension (Ductile yield OK
mechanism in
attachment )
Option a Option c
NG OK
Design for E Ductility (Non-yielding Finish
Check attachment )
OK cOption d OK
Design for E Ωo
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ACE 318-14 SEISMIC INTENT

Option a
Seismic Detailing :- Shear (Ductile yield
mechanism in
attachment )
Option b
(Non-yielding Finish
attachment )
Option c
Design for E Ωo
c b
INTENTION OF OVERSTRENGTH FACTOR

Ensure anchors do not undergo sudden brittle failure
One way to achieve this is to add sufficient

extra strength to the anchor by design, so
that the failure must occur elsewhere in the
system.
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26.09.2018
CAST-IN ANCHOR CHANNEL – SEISMIC PROVISIONS

Determination of Seismic Forces per ASCE 7-10 and load combination
ASCE
(Ch. 13)
For elevator application over strength factor is 2.5
Basic Combinations for Strength Design with

Overstrength Factor (see Sections 2.3.2 and 2.2
for notation).
5. (1.2+0.2SDS )D+ΩoQE+L+0.2S
7. (0.9-0.2SDS )D+ΩoQE+1.6H
Load combination should be used

AGENDA
• Summary
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26.09.2018
ANALYSIS IN SDC A OR B AND SDC C, D, E OR F
SDC A or B SDC C, D, E or F
The anchor channel is subjected to tests to Simulated seismic tests is performed where anchor
Testing determine the performance of anchor channel channel is subjected to the sinusoidal loads. ( refer to
under service conditions in accordance with ACI AC232 section 7.12 to 7.13)
318 Appendix D
CONCRETE ANALYSIS
SDC A or B SDC C, D, E or F
Only resistance factor Apply a seismic reduction factor of 0.75 to non-

is required (phi factor) steel tension design strengths per ACI 318-14
Section 17.2.3.4.4.
Concrete breakout in tension
Load combination is based on ASCE 7-10

chapter 12 and ACI 318-14. When the anchorage
Load combinations per design is controlled by a brittle anchor failure
ASCE required only. mode, an over strength factor (Ω0) must be
applied to the earthquake component (E) of the
factored load.
Concrete breakout in shear
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CONDITIONS WHERE SEISMIC LOADS MAY CONTROL IN

SDC D, E OR F
• In accordance with AC232, stringent design methodology in conjunction with ACI 318 and using the load
combination 5 or 6 from ASCE 7-10 chapter 12, the following design examples might lead to seismic
analysis which may control the design over WL analysis:
• Seismic category D, E or F
• Heavy curtain wall panels
• Large (10 ft) pannels
• Outside corner
• Acute degree angle outside corner
• Metal deck
• Light weight concrete
• Thin slabs
• Elevator application (Ω=2.5...structural element)
ANALYSIS IN SDC A OR B AND SDC C, D, E OR F
Tension / shear combined 42%) Tension / shear combined 57%)
Comparing the two analysis having 2,000 lbs in SDC A or B compare to having the same force in SDC C, D, E or F
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DESIGN EXAMPLES WHERE SEISMIC ANALYSIS CONTROLS

OVER WIND ANALYSIS
Wind analysis Seismic analysis
Design ok! (Maximum utilization: 72%)
Design ok! (Maximum utilization: 74%)
BREAK
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AGENDA
• Summary
SEISMIC DESIGN EXAMPLE
• Floor-Floor ht (ft): 10.5’
• Mullion Spacing (ft): 5’
• DL (psf): 10.585psf
Project location
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DETERMINATION OF SEISMIC PARAMETER USING USGS

WEBSITE
DETERMINATION OF SEISMIC FORCE PER ASEC 7-10

ASCE 7-10 (Ch. 13) Structural Notes: Derivation of Seismic Forces
SDS  1.28
a p  1.25
R p  1.0
I p  1.25
Wp ( DL)  556lbs
z
1
h
Fp 
0.4a pSDS Wp
Rp

1 2 z
h

Ip
Fp  0.4 x1.25 x1.28 x556lbs 1  2 x1

1.0
1.25
Fp  1334lbs
Fp  1.6SDS IpWp .......1423lbs
Structural notes
Fp  0.3SDS IpWp .......267lbs
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DETERMINATION OF SEISMIC FORCE PER ASEC 7-10
ASCE Seismic Load Calculation
DL  556 lbs
  1 .5
F p  Q E  1334 lbs
5 .(1 .2  0 .2 S DS ) DL   xQ E
Basic Combinations for Strength Design with
(Ch. 12 & 13) (1 .2  0 .2 S DS ) DL  (1 .2  0 .2 x1 .28 ) x 556 lbs  809 lbs
Overstrength Factor (see Sections 2.3.2 and
2.2 for notation).  xQ E  1 .5 x1334  2000 lbs
Load
combination:
TENSION FAILURE MODES OF AN ANCHOR CHANNEL

• AC232 provisions are amendments to ACI 318
anchoring-to-concrete provisions
• Anchor channel systems are “specialty inserts”
• Calculate design strengths for steel failure modes and

concrete failure modes
• Strength Design provisions are given in the ESR
IBC recognition via ICC-ES evaluation report (ESR)
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SHEAR FAILURE MODES OF AN ANCHOR CHANNEL

• AC232 provisions are amendments to
ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions
• Anchor channel systems are “specialty

inserts”
• Calculate design strengths for steel failure

modes and concrete failure modes
• Shear calculations for load perpendicular

to channel axis (y direction) or along
channel axis (x-direction)
• Strength Design provisions are given in

the ESR
IBC recognition via ICC-ES evaluation

report (ESR)
TENSION STEEL STRENGTH

HAC STRUCTURAL STEEL PERFORMANCE — TENSION
Tension steel strength design information for Hilti Anchor Channels (HAC
and HAC‐T) with Hilti Channel Bolts (HBC‐C, HBC‐T and HBC‐C‐N)
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SHEAR STEEL STRENGTH HAC STRUCTURAL STEEL PERFORMANCE — SHEAR
Shear steel strength design information for Hilti Anchor Channels (HAC &
HAC‐T) with Hilti Channel Bolts (HBC‐C, HBC‐T and HBC‐C‐N)
LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION FOR BOTH STATIC AND SEISMIC

LOADING WITH CHANNEL BOLT HBC-C-N
• The ɸ value is 0.55 for in which periodical
inspection is provided for all t-bolts
• The ɸ value is 0.65 for in which

continuous inspection is provided for
M16 and M20 t-bolts
• The steel strength for M12 t-bolts used

with continuous inspection an increased
value of 2,021lbs should be used with ɸ
value of 0.55
ESR-3520
• For long term relaxation of the bolts, the test is performed with 50% of the installation torque to derive
capacity according to AC232 7.16 test no 16
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LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION FOR BOTH STATIC AND SEISMIC

LOADING WITH CHANNEL BOLT HBC-T
• The ɸ value is 0.65 for in which periodical
inspection is provided for M12 to M20 t-
bolts
• The ɸ value is 0.75 for in which continuous

inspection is provided for M12 to M20 t-
bolts
ESR-3520
ADDITIONAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR CONCRETE

FAILURE MODES IN TENSION
Breakout
Apply a seismic reduction factor (øseismic) of
0.75 to non-steel tension design strengths per
ACI 318-14 Section 17.2.3.4.4.
ACI 318-14  ..seismic

seismic NN  Naua N ua
pn cb
a
R17.2.3.4.4 The reduced anchor nominal tensile strengths
associated with concrete failure modes is to account for
increased cracking and spalling in the concrete resulting from Side-face blow-out Pull-out
seismic actions. Because seismic design generally assumes
that all or portions of the structure are loaded beyond yield,
it is likely that the concrete is cracked throughout for the
purpose of determining the anchor strength. In locations
where it can be demonstrated that the concrete does not
crack, uncracked concrete may be assumed for determining
the anchor strength as governed by concrete failure mode
 . seismic N pn  N aua
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DISTRIBUTION OF LONGITUDINAL FORCES
According to AC232 section D.3.1.1.5.2 the shear load Vua,x shall be equally distributed to not
more than three anchors.
LONGITUDINAL BREAKOUT CHECK EXAMPLE

Design Parameters a1  a2  a3  2000 / 3  667lb
HAC-60 148/350 F
HBC-C-N 8.8F, M16x1.6
Concrete Compressive Strength: 3,500 psi
Normal weight concrete
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17.5.2.1 (ACI 318-14)
NOMINAL SHEAR RESISTANCE OF AN ANCHOR
Vcb  (A vc / A vco)  ψ ed, V ψ c, V ψ h, V ψparallel, V.V b

Vb = Basic concrete breakout strength in shear
Avc = Projected area of the failure surface
Avco = Projected area for a single anchor in a deep member
Ψed,V = Modification factor for edge effect
Ψc,V = Modification factor cracked/uncracked concrete
Ψh,V = Modification factor for concrete thickness
Ψparallel,V = Modification factor for shear force Ψll parallel to the edge
POSSIBLE FAILURE MODES DUE TO LONGITUDINAL SHEAR

FORCES ψ  1.0 ψ  2 .0 parallel,V parallel,V
LONGITUDINAL CONCRETE BREAKOUT PERPENDICULAR CONCRETE

BREAKOUT
Case I Case II
Failure plane generates on the Failure plane generates on the Failure plane occurs towards the
last anchor. lead anchor. perpendicular edge.
Use total shear force. Use total shear force divided by Use total shear force.
the number of anchors.
For analysis purposes, AC232 limits the number of effective anchors to resist longitudinal shear forces to three (3).
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17.5.2.1 (ACI 318-14)
CONCRETE BREAKOUT DUE TO LONGITUDINAL SHEAR

LONGITUDINAL CONCRETE BREAKOUT
Case I Case II
1.5.(ca1)
SHEAR FORCE PARALLEL – CASE I

17.5.2.1 (ACI 318-14)
ψ parallel,V  1.0
(1.5ca1)
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SHEAR FORCE PARALLEL – CASE II

17.5.2.1 (ACI 318-14)
17.5.2.1 (ACI 318-14)

PERPENDICULAR CONCRETE BREAKOUT
1.5.(ca1)
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17.5.2.1 (ACI 318-14)
SHEAR FORCE PARALLEL

17.5.2.1 (ACI 318-14)

CASE I: AVCO & AVC FOR ΨPARALLEL,V =1.0
Vcb  (A vc / A vco)  ψ ed, V ψ c, V ψ h, V ψparallel, V.V b
Total Projected Area
Avco  4.5.(ca1) 2
Avco  4.5.(18.812) 2
Avco  1592.511in 2
Depth of the projected area, d

d  {Min[(1.5.(ca1)], H ]}
d  {Min[(1.5.(18.812" )],8" ]}
d  8"
Projected area
Avc  {[Min[(1.5.(ca1)), ca 2]]  [1.5.(ca1)]}x{d ]}
Avc  {4.5"28.218"}x{8"}
Avc  261.744in 2
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17.5.2.1 (ACI 318-14)
CASE II: AVCO & AVC FOR ΨPARALLEL,V =1.0

Vcb  (A vc / A vco )  ψ ed, V  ψ c, V  ψ h, V  ψparallel, .V b
V
Avco  4.5.(ca1) 2
Avco  4.5.(7) 2
Avco  220.5in 2
Depth of the projected area, d

d  {Min[(1.5.(ca1)], H ]}
=1.5(Ca1)
d  {Min[(1.5.(7")],8"]}
=1.5(7”)
d  8" =10.5”
Projected Area
Avc  {[Min[(1.5.(ca1)), ca 2]]  [1.5.(ca1)]}x{d ]} =Min[(1.5(Ca1)),Ca2]
=Min[(1.5.(7”)),4.5”
Avc  {4.5" 10.5"}x{8"} =4.5”
Avc  120in2
17.5.2.1 (ACI 318-14)
AVCO & AVC FOR ΨPARALLEL,V =2.0

Vcb  (A vc/ A vco)  ψ ed, V ψ c, V ψ h, V ψparallel, V.V b

Avco  4.5.(ca1) 2
Avco  4.5.(4.5" ) 2
Avco  91.125in 2
depth of the projected area, d

1.5. 1 ,
1.5. 4.5" , 8"
6.75"
Projected area
Avc  {[c1  2 xS  c 2]}x{d }
Avc  {[6.75"2 x5.906"6.75]}x{6.75"}
Avc  170.856in 2
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AC232: D6.2.10.2, ACI-318-14 17.5.2.6
MODIFICATION FACTOR FOR EDGE EFFECT IN SHEAR: Ψ ed ,V

Vcb  (A vc / A vco) ψ ed, V ψ c, V ψ h, V ψparallel, V.V b ca1 … Distance from the edge to axis (in.) (edge to center line of channel)
ca2 … Edge distance (in) of anchor channel in direction 2
ca 2
 e d , V  0 .7  0 . 3( )  1 .0
1 .5 c a1

BREAKOUT
Case I Case II
 4.5in   4.5in 
ψ ed,V  0.7  0.3  ψ ed,V  0.7  0.3    0.748  1.0  7in 
  0.748  1.0  1.5 x 7in  ψ ed,V  0.7  0.3    1.0111  1.0
 1.5 x18.812in   1.5 x 4.5in 
ψ ed,V  0.748 ψ ed,V  0.829
ψ ed,V  1.0
AC232: D6.2.10.2, ACI-318-14 17.5.2.7
MODIFICATION FACTOR FOR CRACKED/UNCRACKED

CONCRETE: ΨC,V
Vcb  (A vc/ A vco)  ψ ed, V ψ c, V ψ h, V ψparallel, V.V b 1.0 …
1.2 …
No supplementary reinforcement
Cracked with supplementary reinforcement
1.4 … Uncracked concrete / Cracked concrete with reinforcement within stirrups
Cracked Concrete Uncracked Concrete
No supplementary reinforcement  c, V  1 . 4
 c, V  1 . 0 Anchor channels located in a region of a concrete member where
analysis indicates no cracking at service load levels.
With supplementary reinforcement Note: in order to activate the reinforcement, concrete has to crack.
Therefore, if uncracked concrete is assumed, supplementary
 c, V  1 . 2  c, V  1 . 4 reinforcement does not impact this factor.
Cracked concrete with edge Cracked concrete with edge

reinforcement (#4 min.) reinforcement (#4 min.) and stirrups
(#4 min.) spaced at 4” O.C. Cracked Uncracked
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AC232: D6.2.10.2, ACI-318-14 17.5.2.9
MODIFICATION FACTOR FOR CONCRETE THICKNESS: Ψ h ,V

Vcb  (A vc/ A vco)  ψ ed, V ψ c, V ψ h, V ψparallel, V.V b ca1 … Distance from the edge to axis (in.)
ha …...Height of the concrete member (in)
1 .5 .c a1
 h, V   1 .0
ha
BREAKOUT
Case I Case II
1 .5 . x18 .812 in 1.5. x 7 in 1 .5 . x 4 .5in

 h, V   1 .0  h, V   1.0  h, V   1 .0
8in 8in 8in
 h , V  1 .877  h, V  1.146  h, V  1 .0
63
Seismic Design with Anchor Channel Systems
AC232: D6.2.10.2
BASIC CONCRETE BREAKOUT STRENGTH IN LONGITUDINAL

SHEAR: Vb FOR ΨPARALLEL =1.0, CASE I
Vcb  (A vc/ A vco)  ψ ed, V ψ c, V ψ h, V ψparallel, V.V b λ…….Modification for lightweight concrete
Lightweight concrete = 0.75
Vb  7 .( l e d a ) 0 .2 . d a .  f c'  c a1 
1 .5 Sand-Lightweight concrete = 0.85
le ……Minimum (heff, 8xda) according to section 17.5.2.2a of ACI 318-14
da……Anchor shaft diameter (value can be taken from Table 8-1 ESR 3520)
Vb  9 . a  f c'  c a1 
1 .5
f’c …..Concrete compressive strength (psi) (8,500 psi, max)
ca1 …..Distance from the edge to axis (in.) (edge to center line of channel)
Case I
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26.09.2018
AC232: D6.2.10.2
BASIC CONCRETE BREAKOUT STRENGTH IN LONGITUDINAL

SHEAR: Vb FOR ΨPARALLEL =1.0; CASE II
Vcb  (A vc/ A vco)  ψ ed, V ψ c, V ψ h, V ψparallel, V.V b λ…….Modification for lightweight concrete
Vb  7 .( l e d a ) 0 .2 . d a .  f c'  c a1 
le ……Minimum (heff, 8xda) according to section 17.5.2.2a of ACI 318-14
da……Anchor shaft diameter (value can be taken from Table 8-1 ESR 3520)
Vb  9 . a  f c'  c a1 
1 .5
f’c …..Concrete compressive strength (psi) (8,500 psi, max)
ca1 …..Distance from the edge to axis (in.) (edge to center line of channel)
Case II
(6.983 in) 6950 lb
(6.983 in) 9825 lb
30,6950 lb
BASIC CONCRETE BREAKOUT STRENGTH IN PARALLEL

SHEAR: Vb FOR ΨPARALLEL =2.0
Vcb  (A vc/ A vco)  ψ ed, V ψ c, V ψ h, V ψparallel, V.V b • λ ……Modification for lightweight concrete
Vb  7 .( l e d a ) 0 .2 . d a .  f c'  c a1 
• le. .….Minimum (heff, 8xda) according to section 17.5.2.2a of ACI 318-14
• da ….Anchor shaft diameter ( value can be taken from Table 8-1 ESR 3520)
• f’c …..Concrete compressive strength (psi) (8,500 psi, max)
Vb  9 . a  f c'  c a1 
1 .5 • ca1 ….Distance from the edge to axis (in.) (edge to center line of channel)
PERPENDICULAR CONCRETE BREAKOUT
ca1=4.5”
(4.5 in ) 3595 lbs
(4.5 in ) 5083 lbs
3595lbs
33
26.09.2018
AC232: D6.2.10.2, ACI-318-14-18 17.5.2.1
NOMINAL SHEAR RESISTANCE OF AN ANCHOR: V cb

Vcb  (A vc/ A vco)  ψ ed, V ψ c, V ψ h, V ψparallel, V.V b

BREAKOUT
Case I Case II
Vcb  (261.74in 2 / 1592.51in 2 ) x0.748 x1.2 x1.877 x1x30700lbs Vcb  (120in2 / 220.5in2 )x0.8286x1.2x1.14564x1x6950lbs Vcb  (170.856in 2 / 91.125in 2 ) x1x1.2 x1x 2x3595lbs
Vcb  8501lbs Vcb  4319lbs Vcb  16178lbs
PHI FACTOR
V
 1.0
x seismic V cb
ACI 318-14:
17.3.3 Strength reduction factor ϕ for anchors in concrete shall be as follows when the load combinations of 5.3 are used:
(c) Anchor governed by concrete breakout, side-face, blowout, pullout, or pryout strength
Condition A Condition B
(i) Shear loads 0.75 0.70
Condition A
• Supplementary reinforcement is present
• Reinforcement does not need to be explicitly designed for the anchor channel
• Should generally conform to reinforcement shown in Fig. R17.4.2.9 and R17.5.2.9b
• Full development is not required
Condition B
• No supplementary reinforcement
34
26.09.2018

UTILIZATION
BREAKOUT
Case I Case II
  0.7 seismic  1.0   0.7 seismic  1.0   0.7 seismic  1.0

Vcb  1.0 x0.7 x8501lbs Vcb  1.0 x0.7 x 4319lbs Vcb  1.0 x0.7 x16178lbs
Vcb  5950.7lbs Vcb  3023lbs Vcb  11325lbs
V 2000lbs V 667lbs V 2000lbs
  0.336....controls   0.221   0.177
Vcb 5950.7lbs Vcb 3023lbs Vcb 11325lbs
ESR-3520 4.1.3.6
INTERACTION EQUATION ESR-3520 4.1.3.6
35
26.09.2018
AGENDA
Introduction to Seismic
Overview of Seismic Design for Anchor Channel
Seismic Detailing Requirements
Differences Between Analysis in SDC C, D, E or F and SDC A or B
Seismic Design Example
Summary
SUMMARY
• It’s important to include seismic design for both non-structural and structural elements of a build, as
research shows that non-structural systems suffer the largest damage in commercial buildings during
an earthquake.
• Seismic conditions significantly change the behavior of anchors, compared to static conditions
• Evaluating the seismic analysis in SDC D, E or F is very critical
• The longitudinal seismic force must be transferred using positive load transfer mechanism
• Load combination 5 and 7 ASCE 7-10 12.4.3.2 should be used
• The design methodology for analysis in Seismic Design Category SDC C, D, E or F is more stringent
then analysis in SDC A or B
36
26.09.2018
AGENDA
Introduction to Seismic
Overview of Seismic Design for Anchor Channel
Seismic Detailing Requirements
Differences Between Analysis in SDC C, D, E or F and SDC A or B
Seismic Design Example
Summary
THANK YOU

Hilti Anchor Channel Engineer
Plano, TX
Hilti North America

 (877) 749-6337 – Technical Support Team
 HNAtechnicalservices@hilti.com
 www.us.hilti.com/engineering
 https://ask.hilti.com
37

Anchor Channel - 202 Seismic Design of Facade Attachments

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26.09.

ANCHOR CHANNEL – 202:

Anchor Channel 202:

Jabeen Siddiqui, P.E., M.S.,

Continuing education credits will be issued for all attendees of today’s

Seismic Design with Anchor Channel Systems 2

HILTI ANCHOR CHANNEL WEBINAR ROADMAP

Seismic Design with Anchor Channel Systems 3

Seismic Design with Anchor Channel Systems 4

• Overview of Seismic Design for Anchor Channel

• Seismic Detailing Requirements

• Differences Between Analysis in SDC C, D, E or F and SDC A or B

• Seismic Design Example

Seismic Design with Anchor Channel Systems 5

• Overview of Seismic Design for Anchor Channel

• Seismic Detailing Requirements

• Differences Between Analysis in SDC C, D, E or F and SDC A or B

• Seismic Design Example

Seismic Design with Anchor Channel Systems 6

Figure from USGS (https://www.livescience.com/46855-earthquake-map-us-risk-zones.html)

Seismic Design with Anchor Channel Systems 7

STATIC VS SEISMIC LOADING

Seismic Design with Anchor Channel Systems 8

BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE UNDER STATIC AND SEISMIC

limits crack width to 0.5 mm

Seismic Design with Anchor Channel Systems 9

SEISMIC DESIGN FOR NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

Seismic Design with Anchor Channel Systems 10

SEISMIC DESIGN FOR NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

• Non-structural systems suffer the largest damage in commercial buildings

• Seismic conditions significantly change the behavior of anchors, compared

Seismic Design with Anchor Channel Systems 11

• Overview of Seismic Design for Anchor Channel

• Seismic Detailing Requirements

• Differences Between Analysis in SDC C, D, E or F and SDC A or B

• Seismic Design Example

Seismic Design with Anchor Channel Systems 12

SEISMIC DESIGN OF ANCHOR CHANNEL SYSTEMS

Pre-AC232 (prior to 2015) Post-AC232

Seismic Design with Anchor Channel Systems 13

CODE LANDSCAPE FOR ANCHOR CHANNEL SYSTEMS

(Appendix D or Chapter 17) AC232 provisions act as

ESR provides recognition under the IBC

Seismic Design with Anchor Channel Systems 14

CAN LONGITUDINAL SEISMIC FORCES BE TRANSFERRED

Seismic Design with Anchor Channel Systems 15

Seismic Design with Anchor Channel Systems 16

POSITIVE LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISM OF ANCHOR

Seismic Design with Anchor Channel Systems 17

POSITIVE LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISM OF ANCHOR

Positive connection Channel comes with

Seismic Design with Anchor Channel Systems 18

INDUSTRY TRENDS FOR CAST-IN ANCHOR CHANNELS

2016 California Building code, Vol.2

Seismic Design with Anchor Channel Systems 19

• Overview of Seismic Design for Anchor Channel

• Seismic Detailing Requirements

• Differences Between Analysis in SDC C, D, E or F and SDC A or B

• Seismic Design Example

Seismic Design with Anchor Channel Systems 20

ACI 318-14 – SEISMIC PROVISIONS

R17.2.3 Seismic design—Unless 17.2.3.4.1 or 17.2.3.5.1

Seismic Design with Anchor Channel Systems 21

ACI 318-14 SEISMIC PROVISIONS -TENSION