1

Dossier
de Inglés
NIVEL 4
 2

ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍA COMERCIAL

PROGRAMA DE ASIGNATURA
INGLÉS 4

I IDENTIFICACIÓN

CÓDIGO : ICO 8704

CRÉDITOS : 5

DURACIÓN : SEMESTRAL

REQUISITOS : INGLES 3 o PRUEBA DE DIAGNÓSTICO

SESIONES CÁTEDRA SEMANALES : 2

SESIONES AYUDANTÍA SEMANALES : 1

II DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA ASIGNATURA

Este curso se propone lograr un nivel de usuario independiente (b1 de acuerdo al marco
común europeo) en términos de capacidades de vocabulario, gramaticales, y funcionales
necesarias para relacionarse con hablantes nativos con un grado suficiente de fluidez y
naturalidad de modo que la comunicación se realice sin esfuerzo por parte de ambos
interlocutores, pudiendo producir textos orales claros y detallados sobre temas diversos,
hacer y contestar preguntas de manera claro, y desenvolverse en áreas críticas de
negocios como entrevistas de trabajo, negociaciones, reportes, presentaciones de
productos, y planificaciones de manera competente en su uso del idioma inglés. Además
desarrolla un nivel intermedio de capacidades de comprensión auditiva y lectora de inglés
general medidos con la prueba TOEIC Listening and Reading.
 3

III OBJETIVOS DE APRENDIZAJE

1) Habilidades de Comprensión de Lectura

a) Comprender textos auténticos de comunicación empresarial, tales como
emails, faxes, publicidad, formularios, memos, tabulaciones, instrucciones, y
notificaciones.
b) Usar el contexto para entender vocabulario nuevo.
c) Hacer inferencias a base lo aprendido en un texto.
d) Entender el uso de números, gráficos y fechas dentro de textos
empresariales.
e) Aplicar técnicas de scanning para aumentar la velocidad de la lectura.
f) Identificar información de manera rápida usando técnicas de skimming y
scanning.
g) Identificar las formaciones gramaticales que le permite de-construir oraciones
más complejas para una comprensión más precisa y completa.
2) Vocabulario
a) Reconocer y poder aplicar una amplia gama de palabras y frases generales y
del área de negocios en inglés, especialmente relacionado con entrevistas de
trabajo, negociaciones, presentaciones, reportes, y planificación estratégica.
3) Estructuras
a) Reconocer y poder usar una amplia gama de estructuras comunes de inglés,
tales como los tiempos verbales presentes, pasados y futuros, conectores
funcionales, condicionales, formación de preguntas, reportajes, y el pasivo.
4) Habilidades de Comprensión Auditiva
a) Entender ideas principales de descripciones y diálogos comunes en el ámbito
de trabajo.
b) Entender diálogos del ámbito social extrayendo ideas generales y información
específica.

IV CONTENIDOS

• Llegar a consensos a través de negociaciones

• Proponer soluciones basado en concesiones
• Formas condicionales
• Vocabulario relacionado con conflictos y resolución de conflictos
 La forma past participle de los verbos irregulares
• Los tiempos verbales pasado simple y presente perfecto.
 4

• Aumentar comprensión auditiva relacionada con entrevistas de trabajo

• El uso de técnicas de scanning para aumentar la velocidad de la lectura
• Comprensión de vocabulario en contexto
• Describir causa y efecto con conectores
• Entender gráficos, tablas, formularios y doble textos

V METODOLOGÍA

• Clases Expositivo-Participativas, facilitadas por el Profesor Titular de la

Asignatura.
• Clases Expositivo-Participativas de ejercicios prácticos, facilitadas por el
Profesor Titular del curso, haciendo uso del libro del curso, libro de ejercicios del curso,
CD-ROM y material de apoyo preparado para el curso
• Trabajos Grupales de ejercicios prácticos en aula, coordinados y supervisados por el
Profesor Titular.
• Talleres pre evaluaciones, que se realizarán en equipos de trabajo, siendo una parte
en aula y la otra de profundización fuera de ella.
• Atención de Consultas, en Aula y/o según disponibilidad del profesor de la
Asignatura, ya sea en forma personal o a través de la plataforma tecnológica de la
Universidad.

V EVALUACIÓNES
 Solemne 30%
 Prueba Oral 10%
 Puntos Proceso 8%
 Promedio Controles 12%
 Examen 40%

VI DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS INSTRUMENTOS DE EVALUACIÓN:

Solemne es una prueba exclusivamente escrita. Abarca el contenido completo indicado en el

Course Content Details. Además la mitad de esta prueba está basada en
la prueba TOEIC Listening and Reading. Las ponderaciones son 50% materia (ver course
content), 25% Listening, 25% Reading. Total duration of Solemne and Exam is 2 hours.
 5

La Prueba Oral evalúa tanto la producción de lenguaje específico para situaciones determinadas
como la capacidad de desenvolverse en situaciones de índole más general.

La Nota Proceso incluye todas las actividades asignadas por el profesor y/o el ayudante
designados con este fin. La nota máxima (7.0) de referencia se calcula según el puntaje final
obtenido por el alumno inferior del 15% superior del curso.

La Nota Controles es el promedio de todos los controles hechos en el semestre (minimo 14

controles). No se recuperan controles perdidos, pero si se borra el 15% inferior de notas de
controles a nivel curso (o sea no a nivel individual – en otras palabras si un alumno hizo menos
controles no se borran el 15%).

Examen incluye todos los contenidos de materia del curso. Además la mitad de esta prueba está
basada en la prueba TOEIC Listening and Reading. Las ponderaciones son 50% materia (ver
course content), 25% Listening, 25% Reading.

Reglamentos de la Cátedra

• La asistencia a clases de cátedra es OBLIGATORIO. El alumno podrá faltar a un máximo

de 7 sesiones. Todas las inasistencias justificadas (enfermedad, duelo, problemas
familiares, etc.) están consideradas dentro de las 7 inasistencias permitidas, por lo
tanto se recomienda a los alumnos NO FALTAR a no ser que tengan una situación o
emergencia que realmente les impida asistir a clases, dado que las justificaciones NO
disminuyen la cantidad de inasistencias. La asistencia se tomará en todas las
sesiones. Es responsabilidad del alumno firmar la lista de asistencia durante todas las
sesiones para comprobar su presencia y no se aceptarán modificaciones posteriores.
• Los alumnos que excedan la cantidad de inasistencias permitidas, NO podrán tomar el
examen final. En el caso de alumnos que reprueban en la Nota de Presentación, su nota
final será equivalente a su Nota de Presentación; en el caso de alumnos que aprueban
la Nota de Presentación, pero que no cumplen el requerimiento de asistencia – su
Nota Final indicará RI (Reprobación por Inasistencia) y el curso será borrado de los
registros (no aparecerá como reprobado) pero el alumna deberá tomar el curso de nuevo.
• Si el alumno se retira de la clase antes de su término por cualquier motivo, el profesor
modificará la asistencia y dejará al alumno como ausente, aun cuando el alumno ya haya
firmado la lista de asistencia.
• La escala de aprobación para todas las evaluaciones es 70%.
 6

BIBLIOGRAFIA
La bibliografia consiste de un Dossier de Nivel 4 que se construye a base de los siguientes
textos. Este Dossier se sube al portal del curso cada semestre.

TITULO AUTOR EDICIO AÑO EDITORIAL

Market Leader N
Pre- Cotton, David,
1 Intermediate Falvey David,
Business Simon Kent, Longman
New 2007
English Course Rogers John
Edition
Book

Market Leader
Pre-
2
Intermediate Rogers, New Longman
Business John Edition 2004
English:
Practice File.
– New Edition

Market Leader Cotton, David,

Pre- Falvey David,
Intermediate Simon Kent,
3 Business New Longman
Rogers John
English: CD- Edition 2004
ROM. – New
Edition

Talcott,
5 Target Score Charles and Cambridge
Graham Tullis University
2 2007 Press
Fundamentals
of English Azar, Betty Pearson
6 3 2003
Grammar Schrampher Education

TITULO AUTOR EDICION AÑO EDITORIAL

Longman Preparation Series

for the New TOEIC Test: March
1 Lin Lougheed
Introductory Course - with 15, Pearson

audio CD´s and answer key 4° 2007 Education (US)

Developing Tactics for Richards, Jack and Oxford University
2 1 2010
Listening. Grant Trew Press
Oxford University
3 English for Presentations Marion Grussendorf
Press
 7

Verb Tenses and

Question formation
8
9
10
11
 12

ASK AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:

1. ASK B WHAT TIME B GETS HOME AT NIGHT

2. ASK B WHERE HE WORKS

3. ASK B WHAT B WILL DO TOMORROW

4. ASK HOW LONG THE MEETING TOOK

5. ASK B WHAT TYPE OF MUSIC SHE LIKES

6. ASK IF B STUDIED YESTERDAY

7. ASK IF B HAS SEEN THOR RAGNAROK

8. ASK IF HE TALKED TO FELIPE YESTERDAY

9. ASK WHY B MISSED THE LAST CLASS

10. ASK B HOW FAR B LIVES

11. ASK B HOW OFTEN B GOES TO THE GYM

12. ASK B WHAT B IS DOING NOW

13. ASK B WHO B IS TALKING TO ON THE PHONE

14. ASK B WHAT TIME B IS GOING TO ARRIVE TOMORROW

15. ASK B IF B IS GOING TO WORK TOMORROW

 13

16. ASK B WHAT COMPANIES B HAS WORKED IN

17. ASK B IF B HAS HAD MEETINGS THIS WEEK

18. ASK B WHAT B IS WRITING

19. ASK B WHAT PAYMENT METHOD B PREFERS

20. ASK B HOW B GETS TO WORK

21. ASK B IF B WILL HAVE TIME TO TALK TOMORROW

22. Ask B why he was late

23. Ask B what time B arrived

24. Ask B what time he left his house

25. Ask B what B has done this week

26. Ask B where the traffic problem was

27. Ask B what B thinks of the Viña Festival

28. Ask B how long his trip here took

29. Ask B what time B will get home tonight

30. Ask B how long B has worked in his present job

31. Ask B how long he takes to get to work everyday

 14

32. Ask B what types of sports B does

33. Ask B IF B will attend the party on Friday

34. Ask B IF B is married

35. Ask B what book B is reading

36. Ask B why B needs English

37. Ask B how old B is

38. Ask B how many children B has

39. Ask B how long B has been married

40. Ask B what salary B expects

41. Ask B IF there are any vacancies in her company

42. Ask B IF B can tell you when there is a vacancy in his company

43. Ask B what type of job B wants

44. Ask B how much the position pays

45. Ask B what the requirements of the position are

46. Ask B IF B is available to work on the weekends

47. Ask B how many years of experience B has

 15

49) Ask B what TV show B likes to watch

50) Ask B what time B expects to get home tonight

51) Ask B where B is going to go this summer

52) Ask B IF B can send you the details today

53) Ask B how far the office is from here

54) Ask B IF B has seen the news about Venezuela today

55) Ask B what B is thinking about now

56) Ask B IF B talked to his boss today

57) Ask B what software her company uses

58) Ask B what his best-selling product is

59) Ask B how many hours B has worked this week

60) Ask B why B left his last job

16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
 30

Business
Negotiations
31
32
33
34
 35 Resource bank I

Conflict

Negotiating: dealing with conflict

o Correct these negotiating expressions. There is one wrong word in each

expression.

Calming down Creating solutions Closing a negotiation

1 I understand that you're saying.
2 I can see your point of views.
3 Why don't we become back to
that later?
It You don' t have to sorry about ."
5 A compromise shall be to ... 9 Let's see what we've get.
6 How around if ... 10 Can I go on what we've agreed?
7 Let's look at this other way. 11 I think that overs everything.
8 Another possible is ... 12 We's got a deal.

o Work in pairs. Student A is the customer; Student B is the supplier. You are
negotiating the sale of some bricks. These are the negotiators' objectives in
the beginning.

Price per Discount for Delivery Payment

thousand bricks bulk orders currency
A: customer €820 25 per cent 6 weeks euros
B: supplier €950 15 per cent 3 months US dollars

• Start the negotiation using the sentences given. Then use the correct forms of the
expressions above and other expressions to continue the negotiation, following the
instructions.
A: 'So you're offering a price of €950 per thousand bricks and, as I told you, I'm only
willing to pay €820.'
B: 'Yes. There seems to be quite a gap here.'

Calm A down and suggest a compromise : a price of €855.

A: Accept the solution.

Move on to discount.

B: You can only offer a higher discount if A accepts a longer delivery time .

Suggest a specific discount and a delivery time.

A: You can't accept B's proposal.

Create another solution.

B: Accept A's proposal.

Move on to currency.

A: Insist on paying in euros.

B: Calm A down. Suggest half the payment in euros and half in dollars.
A: Accept.

Go over the agreement.

B: Accept or disagree with A's summary. Clear up any disagreements.

A: Close the negotiation.
B: Reply.

© Pearson Education limited 2007

 36

Negotiation Activity Situation

WORKERS: Defines student’s names!

SENIOR MANAGEMENT: Defines student’s names!

THE ECONOMIC SITUATION IS BAD. THIS COMPANY’S SALES HAVE DROPPED
20% IN THE LAST YEAR, AND THEY HAVE LOST MARKET SHARE. THE
MANAGEMENT HAS BEEN INSTRUCTED BY THE BOARD TO REDUCE COSTS AND
TO NEGOTIATE WITH THE WORKERS.
THE WORKERS ARE NOT HAPPY WITH THE MANAGEMENT. THE MANAGEMENT
HAS OFTEN ASKED THEM TO CUT BENEFITS FOR DIFFERENT REASONS AND
THEY HAVE OFTEN ACCEPTED. THEY CONSIDER THAT THESE ADDITIONAL
REDUCTIONS ARE BAD AND DON’T BELIEVE THEY ARE NECESSARY BECAUSE
THE COMPANY HAS REDUCED PRODUCTION COSTS BY 25% IN THE LAST YEAR
ALONE.

MANAGEMENT VS TRADE UNION (UNIONIZED)

THE MANAGEMENT SENT THE UNION A MEMO INDICATING THE FOLLOWING

REQUESTS:

THE COMPANY:
WANTS A SIX-MONTH TRIAL PERIOD BEFORE SIGNING PERMANENT CONTRACTS
WANTS A WAGE-FREEZE FOR 3 YEARS
WANTS WORKERS TO ACCEPT WORKING EXTRA HOURS WITHOUT OVERTIME
PAY
WANTS TO ELIMINATE LUNCH VOUCHERS
 37

Useful Negotiation Language

Starting positions
We’d like to reach a deal with you today
I hope we can reach a satisfactory deal with you today…….So do I! / As do we!
We’re here to reach an agreement with you on the purchase of…

Proposing
We’re willing to give you…
We’d be willing to …..on the condition that …..
I’d like to make a suggestion, if you……we can….
Ok, let me make a suggestion
If you order now, we’ll give you a discount
We’d be prepared to offer you a better price if you increased your order
We can accept…., provided that you ….
Given the size of our order, we’d like ….
How about…What about….What if….What do you think about…
Let’s compromise…

Checking Understanding
What do you mean exactly?
Have I got this right?
If I understand you correctly…
You mean, if we ordered….you would…?
Are you saying that…?
So what you’re saying is….
Sorry, can you repeat that?

Negotiating a Compromise
I can see your point, however, don't you think that ...
I'm afraid that's not quite true. Remember that ...
Try to see it from my point of view.
I understand what you're saying, but ...
My counteroffer is…

Asking for Compromise

How flexible can you be on that?
I’m ready to agree if you can ...
If I agree, would you be willing to ...?
We would be willing to ..., provided, of course, that ...
Would you be willing to accept a compromise?

Refusing an offer
I’m not sure about that
That’s more than we normally offer, however….
That’s more than we can offer…
I’m afraid that would be very difficult for us
I don’t think we can do that, but if….
 38

Accepting an offer
Sounds good to me. Let’s go with that!
Sounds a good idea to me. As long as we …
Sounds fair. We can do that.
Good, we agree on price, quantity, discounts…

Switching topic
Right then, let’s move on to…
Ok, let’s talk about….now
Next, let’s look at…

Playing for time

I’d like to think about it
I’ll have to consult my boss about that
I’m not sure about that, let me get back to you on it

Summarizing what’s agreed

Right then, let’s see what we’ve got
I think we’ve covered everything
Can we just summarize the points we’ve agreed so far?
Ok, so we’re agreed. You will ….and we will….
Great, we’ve got a deal!

Following up the deal

Let me know if there are any problems
If there are any other points, I’ll get in touch with you.
 39

RAISING FINANCE NEGOTIATION

COMPANY OWNER
YOU OWN A JEWELLERY BUSINESS THAT IS STARTING TO BE VERY SUCCESSFUL BUT NEED TO
EXPAND IT.

You want:

1) E250,000 to launch new product lines and market them

2) to keep at least 51% shareholding so you can own and keep control of your company
3) to keep control over the recruiting of senior managers

You are willing:

1) to offer a 20% stake in the business

2) give the Angel a seat on the board of directors, but without voting rights
3) offer the Angel a 10% additional share of profits from all new product lines

BUSINESS ANGEL
YOU BELIEVE IN THE POTENTIAL OF THIS JEWELLERY BUSINESS – YOU ARE WILLING TO SUPPORT
IT, BUT WITH BENEFICIAL CONDITIONS FOR YOURSELF.

You want:

1) 50% shareholding of the business but without control

2) a 30% additional share of profits from all new product lines
3) to help decide on the recruiting of senior managers

You are willing:

1) to invest E250,000 in the business

2) help manage the business contributing with your experience
3) provide excellent contacts with customers to help expand sales
 40

Connector Structure
and Vocabulary
 41

CONNECTOR VOCABULARY
“PREP” MEANS USE A NOUN or VERB+ING AFTER
“S” MEANS USE A COMPLETE SENTENCE AFTER (Subject+Verb)
“VERB” MEANS USE A VERB IN INFINITIVE AFTER
“BOTH” MEANS YOU CAN USE ANY STRUCTURE AFTER IT
“AT THE END” MEANS YOU FINISH THE SENTENCE WITH THE EXPRESSION

About to (+verb) A punto de (+ a verb)

According to (PREP) Según lo que dice (referencing a source)
Actually (S) Realmente, de hecho, por cierto
After all (BOTH) Al fin y al cabo - (like “the bottom line”)
All in all (S) En resumen / tomando todo en cuenta
All over (PREP) Por todo (mundo, país), en todo
On the contrary (S) Todo lo contrario
Although (S) Aunque
Anyway (S) En todo caso, de todas maneras, de todas formas
As (BOTH) Como, mientras, Dado que
As far as (S) Hasta lo que ---- this expression is essentially just used with AS
FAR AS I KNOW and AS FAR AS I’M CONCERNED
As for (PREP) Referente a, en relación a, con respecto a
As a matter of fact (S) De hecho, en realidad
As to (PREP) Referente a, respecto a
As well (AT THE END) También (use only at the end of a sentence) (like “too”)
As well as (PREP) Como tambien, Así como, tanto como
(not) At all (AT THE END) En lo absoluto, para nada (use only in negative sentences at the end)
At least (S) Por lo menos
At present / Currently (BOTH) En la actualidad, actualmente, en el presente, en este momento

Because (S) Porque

Because of (PREP) Por, A causa de, debido a
Besides (BOTH) Además
But (BOTH) Pero, sino, sin embargo
But for (PREP) Sino fuera por
By far (PREP) Lejos, por lejos (figurativo) – Best used with a superlative form
By means of (PREP) Por medio de, en virtud de
By the way (S) A propósito (entre paréntesis)

Concerning (PREP) Referente a, con respecto a

Consequently (S) En consecuencia
Count on (PREP) Cuenta con

Depending on (PREP) Dependiendo de

Despite the fact that (S) A pesar del hecho que (same as Although)
Due to (PREP) Debido a
During (PREP) Durante

e.g. (BOTH) Por Ejemplo

Even (BOTH) Incluso
Even if (S) Aún, aún cuando, aún sí (not conditioned by)

Far from (PREP) Lejos de

First of all (S) Primero que todo
For good (AT THE END) Para siempre, definitivamente
For instance (BOTH) Por Ejemplo
Formerly (BOTH) Antiguamente, anteriormente, ex
 42

Furthermore (S) Además

However (S) Sin embargo

I mean (BOTH) Lo que quiero decir

In Addition (S) Además
In Addition to (PREP) Además de
In case of (PREP) En caso de, sí es que
In fact (S) De hecho
In order that / so that (S) Para que, a fin de que
In order to (+verb) Para, con el fin de
In short (BOTH) En resumen, resumiendo
In spite of / Despite (PREP) A pesar de
Indeed (BOTH) De hecho, en realidad
Instead of (PREP) En vez de

Just (PREP) Sólo, solamente, justo, recién

Just because (S) Solo porque si
Just in case (S) Por si acaso
Just like (PREP) Igual que

Mainly (PREP) Principalmente Maybe

(BOTH) Quizás, tal vez
Meanwhile (S) Mientras tanto
Moreover (S) Mas encima / Además

Nevertheless (S) Sin embargo, no obstante

Nor (PREP) Ni
Not only (PREP) : No sólo
Not even (BOTH) Ni siquiera
Not even if (S) Ní aún, ní aunque
Now and then (S) : De vez en cuando
Nowadays (S) : En la actualidad, actualmente, en el presente, hoy en día

On behalf of (PREP) : A nombre de / de parte de

Only if (S)
On the condition that
On purpose (AT THE END)
On second thoughts (S)
On the other hand (S)
Once (S)
Otherwise (S)
Owing to (PREP)
: Solo si (strictly conditioned by)
: A condición de
: A propósito
: Al pensarlo de Nuevo / pensandolo bien
Por otro lado, por otra parte
Una vez que
De lo contrario, de otro modo
Debido a

Perhaps (BOTH) Quizás, tal vez

Rather (PREP) Más bien

Scarcely/barely/Hardly (+verb) Apenas
Seeing that (S) Puesto que, en vista de, viendo, por lo visto
Seems that (S) Parece que
Since (BOTH) Ya que, dado que, puesto que (desde = tiempo),
So (S) Así que, pues, por lo tanto por consiguiente, por ende
So that (S) Así que
Somehow (BOTH) De alguna manera, de alguna forma
Still (+verb) Todavía, aún, no obstante, sin embargo (positive action sense)
Such as (PREP) tal como, por ejemplo
 43

Suddenly/all of a sudden (S) De repente, de pronto

That's all Eso es todo

That’s it Así, eso es
That's why (S) Por eso y por esa razón, ese es el porqué
Then (BOTH) Entonces, luego, después
Therefore (S) Por lo tanto
This way (S) : Así, de esta forma
Though (S) : Aunque
Through (PREP) : a través de
Throughout (PREP) Por todo, a lo largo de, en todo
Thus (S) Así, de esta forma (very formal)
To be out of line Pasarse de la raya, limite

Unless (S) A menos que, a no ser que

What (S) Lo que, (“que” solo en preguntas)

Whatever (S) Lo que sea
Whenever (S) Cuando sea, cada vez que
Where (S) Donde
Whereas (S) Mientras que (oposición)
Whereby (S) Por lo cual
Wherever (S) Donde sea
Whether or not (S) Si o no (Condicional)
While (S) Mientras
Whoever (S) Quien sea, quiera que sea (plural)
With regard to (PREP) /
With respect to (PREP) Respecto a, en relación con

Yet Aún (only used in negatives and questions – and only at the end of the
sentence); Sin embargo (S)
 44

LOGICAL CONNECTORS:
Function is to link sentences. Establishing a logical relation between the sentences.

I love you because of your nice family in the south of Chile

ALTHOUGH (S) – aunque (apparent contradiction)

e.g. I love you although you are ugly

DESPITE (Prep) – a pesar de (apparent contradiction)

I love you despite your face

I work because of ……………my family (my bills)

I work because…………I don’t have money

Prepositional connector + NOUN

I study Because of ….my family/my future / my career/the money

Sentence connector + SENTENCE (s+v)

I study Because (S) ….i want to be a successful professional

Due to (prep) - Because - Because of (prep)

I work a lot ………………I have a lot of bills!

I will always love you……………….you don’t love me!

CAUSE EFFECT (result) ADDITION TIME

(complementary
1. Because (S) 1. So that (S) 1. As well as (prep) 1. Since (Both)
2. Since (S) 2. In order that (S) 2. Besides (Both) 2. As soon as (S)
3. Due to (Prep) 3. As such (S) 3. Moreover (S) 3. Until (S)
4. Because of (Prep) 4. Consequently (S) 4. Furthermore (S) 4. While (S)
5. As a result of (Prep) 5. Therefore (S) 5. In addition (S) 5. Once (S)
CONDITION OPPOSITION REFERENCE
1. As long as (S) 1. However (S) 1. With regard to (prep)
2. Unless (S) 2. Although (S) 2. Concerning (prep)
3. Even if (S) 3. In spite of (Prep) 3. As for (prep)
4. Only if (S) 4. Despite (Prep) 4. Regarding (prep)
5. While (S) 5. With respect to (prep)
 45

Condition:
1. We will have tests in the next class _________________ there is a student demonstration.
2. Angel will come to class _______________ there is attendance control!
3. I will stay in this job ______________ I am happy here.
4. I am so happy in this job that I will stay here ______________ I get offered more money in
another company! 

Opposition and Condition:

1. Can I eat breakfast _________________ you teach, teacher?
2. We will do class today _________________ the student demonstrations.
3. We will do class today _________________ some students are not coming.
4. We will do class today _________________ we won’t do quizzes.
5. I will go out with you _________________ you pay! 

Condition and Opposition and Reference:

1. Peter likes Jenny _________________ she is selfish.
2. I have no comment _________________ the test results!
3. We will have another quiz on connectors next week _________________ the results of the
last quiz are good!
4. I support Colo Colo _________________ they never win 
5. _________________ the first point, we will discuss it in the next meeting.

CAUSE-CONDITION-OPPOSITION-REFERENCE
1. I have to study ______________ the test tomorrow!
2. I won’t study ______________ I have a test tomorrow!
3. I feel sick ______________ the greasy sopaipa!
4. I will do the test ______________ I feel bad.
5. I will participate in class ______________ you give me points! 
6. ______________ the party, I don’t think I can go.

CAUSE-CONDITION-OPPOSITION-REFERENCE-EFFECT – ADDITION
1. I work ______________________ I don’t need to.
2. There are no jobs ______________________ the depression.
3. I work on Saturdays ______________________ I get extra pay.
4. I work on Saturdays ______________________ I get extra pay.
5. I work on Saturdays ______________________ Sundays.
CAUSE-CONDITION-OPPOSITION-REFERENCE-EFFECT
1. I don’t have any time _____________________ my job.
2. I have a lot of free time ______________________ I go out a lot and see my friends
regularly.
3. I study hard ______________________ I can get good results.
4. I will study hard ______________________ I can.
5. I study a lot ______________________ my classmates do nothing!
6. I study a lot ______________________ my time limitations.
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Therefore / Because / While / Even if / Despite / Although / Only if /

Besides / So that

1. I don’t work ________________ there are many jobs available

2. I don’t work ………………………..i don’t study
3. I don’t work ……………….i don’t have time for that
4. I don’t work ……………………I don’t have money

Complete the following sentences:

1. I work hard due to…………..
2. I work hard in order that….
3. I always do exercise unless…
4. I don’t do exercise although…

1. I feel sick due to….

2. I don’t feel well as a result of….
3. I have very few proceso points while….
4. I have very few proceso points moreover….

WHILE – DESPITE - EVEN IF - DUE TO - ALTHOUGH – ONLY IF – AS SOON AS

(DON’T REPEAT CONNECTORS!)

1. I will marry you …………….you don’t have a good job.

2. I will marry you ……………..you have a good job! $$$ ;)
3. I will marry you ………………you get a good job.
4. I will marry you ………………you get a good job.
5. I will marry you …………………your good job and social status! $$$ ;)

WHILE – DESPITE - EVEN IF - DUE TO - ALTHOUGH – AS LONG AS – AS SOON AS –

SINCE (YOU CAN REPEAT CONNECTORS)

1. We will have the meeting ……………the boss agrees.

2. We will have the meeting …………….the boss doesn’t agree.
3. We won’t have the meeting ……………the boss doesn’t agree.
4. The boss agrees ………………..I don’t agree.
5. We will discuss this tomorrow ……………….I have time.
6. We won’t discuss this ……………..you are not being reasonable.
7. ……………………I don’t agree with you, I will support you.
8. People voted for him ……………………his charisma.
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Proposing or Suggesting actions

Propose “having a meeting next Monday”….using 4 different proposal forms….

e.g.
What…..
How…..
And accept or reject the proposal….

What about + verb+ing

What about + Subject (the thing you propose)
What about if….+ subject + verb (less typical)
How about…(same as “What about”)
Why don’t….+subject / Why doesn’t he/she….+verb
Let’s…+verb in infinitive
You should….+verb
You could….verb (present options)
You might…+verb
I propose we/you…
Shall we….(formal)
Will we….

Rejecting suggestions:
I’m not sure about that
I’m not sure
Yeah, I don’t know
I’m afraid I can’t make it that day…./at that time
I’m afraid I’m busy, maybe another time/day
I’m afraid I’ll be out of the city/country next week….
I would rather another day, say Thursday….
It’s not a good day/time for me….how about….
I’m sorry I can’t
I’d prefer you send me the details/proposal first and then we can arrange the
meeting
Let me see if I can, I’ll get back to you on that / I’ll get in touch with you

Accepting the proposal

That sounds great!
That sounds like a good idea!
Could be!
Great idea!
Sure!
Let’s do that!
I’ll do that!
Why not!
I agree
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Example situations for you to make suggestions:

I don’t feel well, I have a headache

I’m bored
I’m overweight, I hate it!
I want a pet, but I live in an apartment
I am failing most of my courses! What can I do?
I just found out my boyfriend/girlfriend is cheating on me!
I need money to take my girlfriend out, and I don’t have any!
My classmate keeps talking in Spanish and doesn’t let me practice my English!!!!
It’s so difficult to get to the university on time in the morning…
I think my girlfriend is lying to me...
I feel lost, like my life has no meaning!
I want to do something memorable on my next summer vacations!

Write 5 forms for making suggestions starting with the first letter given (don’t repeat
any proposal or response forms!). In ALL five cases, propose “GOING OUT ON FRIDAY”.
Then write five responses (positive or negative as indicated). Answers can’t be just a
couple of words and have to all be different. (10 points)

1. L _____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________(reject)
2. W__________________________________________________________________?
___________________________________________________________________ (accept)
3. W_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________(accept)
4. H__________________________________________________________________?
____________________________________________________________________(reject)
5. W_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________(accept)
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TOEIC Structure
and Listening Practice
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