Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

We live in a country with a hot temperature, as a result, most of the people looks

for a refreshing food to diminish the hotness they feel. The business that we create is the

Hot Ice Cream Buns. We cater different fruity flavour Ice Creams from fresh fruits. Ice

Cream is one of the delicious and tasty item, which is very popular worldwide. We serve

non-seasonal and non-seasonal. We serve seasonal because we all know that time is

different. Few people even though its winter they look for ice cream to eat. Therefore, we

have different perception. People say that ice cream makes them feel so happy. Ice cream

is one of the most favourite of all people so they do not have the time to choose. And also

we serve in seasonal because it’s warm. Too many people cold food the one they looking

for like the ice cream. Ice cream can be consumed right around the year.

Uncertainty you are wondering where the word “Hot” came from when our product

is Ice cream. So, the word “Hot” it means our welcoming for our costumer and there is a

little bit difference from the original ice cream. Try our product for to not confuse. The

word “Buns” instead we used buns as da main we substitute the buns into bread crumps.

The ice cream coated by the egg and the bread crumps and cook by deep fried. We provide

ice cream by maintaining high standards of quality in a joyful environment. Ice cream

consumption usually peaks during the hot summer months. Demand, however, is also

stimulated by festivities, be it town fiestas or birthday parties, making ice cream very much

a part of every celebration. As such, consumption of ice cream remains significant even

during the rainy season. Since it is strongly associated with joyful occasions, its

consumption is also triggered whenever individuals desire to reward themselves as it is an

easily accessible indulgence. The creaminess in ice cream comes from a balanced level of

fat and sugar in the recipe. Emulsifiers and stabilizers are what control the mouth feel and

texture of the final product. Creaminess in an ice cream comes from the even distribution

of air bubbles (controlled by the stabilizer) throughout the mixture, and the size of the ice

crystals (controlled by the emulsifier). Ice creams made at home contain egg yolks which

contain lecithin. Lecithin is an emulsifier, which helps maintain an even distribution of fat

particles all throughout the ice cream. On the other hand, commercial versions of ice cream

contain stabilizers and emulsifiers, instead of egg yolks.

Ice cream is sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert. It is usually

made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits flavors.

It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitute. Typically, flavourings and

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine The Effectiveness of Hot Ice Cream Buns in the

Business Profitability among the STI College Vigan students.

Moreover, the study seeks t to answer the following questions:

1. What flavour of Hot Ice Cream Buns is the best seller and costumer’s

favorite?

2. What flavor of Hot Ice Cream Buns is the costumer’s least favorite?

3. What strategies best use to sell the product?

4. Is there any suggestion that costumers wanted to business to be done?

5. Is the business profitable as a business ventures?

2
Significance of the study

Library. This research study will aid as an additional reference for future

researchers.

Students. Mostly student is one of the beneficiaries of this research, especially for

those Culinary Art students, it will serve as their basis for better understanding

towards the Ice Cream Shop.

Parents. This can help to think and create their own businesses.

To the future researchers. This study will benefit and help the future researchers

as their motivation and inspiration to whom would like to undertake a further study

on the area of focus

Entrepreneurs.

Operational Definition of Terms

For better understanding of the content of this study, the following terms are

operationally defined:

Effectiveness. The degree to which something is successful in producing a desired

result.

Ice cream. A sweet flavoured frozen food containing cream or butterfat and

usually eggs.

Dessert. A usually sweet course or dish and usually served at the end of a meal.

Frozen. It need to be froze before eating.

3
 Profitability. Ability of a company to use it resource to generate revenues in excess

of its expenses. In other words, this is a company’s capability of generating profits from its

operation.

Business. An organization or economic system where goods and services are

exchanged for one another or for money

Assumptions of the Study

This study will be based on the following assumptions:

1. The instrument that will be used in the conduct of the study is valid, objective

and reliable.

2. There is no significant relationship between the effectiveness of hot ice cream

buns in the business profitability among the students of STI College Vigan

3. The result of the respondents were checked how the effectiveness of the Hot Ice

Cream Buns in the business profitability among the senior high school students

of STI College Vigan

4
 Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the findings of the researchers and other related literature that

support the content of this study.

Theoretical Framework

The researchers are guided with the following related literature in

conceptualization and the conduct of the study

Ice Cream Nowadays

Ice cream we call glaces a la crème in French. Base on the book written by Shannon

Jackson Arnold, that in France, sundaes are called coupes after the wide-mounthed.

(Shannon Jackson Arnold 2004) write one book and the title of the book is Everybody

Loves ice cream. Shannon fond that got so matter that influence people want to eat Ice

cream.

Ice cream as we recognize it today has been in existence for at least 300 years,

though its origins probably date much further back.(C. Clarke 2004). Ice cream is one of

global market , because almost every county in the world eaten and made ice cream. In the

worldwide production of ice cream is around 14.4 billion liters in 2001, .( C. Clarke 2004

) people in the word like to sales ice cream because of the weather and advertising. For

example in France , 65% of sales are made between June and September, the weather one

of the reason a substantial impact on sales, especially at the certain time. Such as on the

weekends. .( C. Clarke 2004 ) ice cream famous in may flavor, brand, and also packages.

In book Ice cream by Robert T. Marshall et all state that Compositional standards differ

around the world, as does the understanding of what constitutes ice cream.

5
 The customer’s point of view, price is often used as a cue in their expectations of

the product/service performance (Han 2010) some of the customer perception is the more

he or she the more quality or services they will get, they will get what they pay. Customers

do not know/remember the actual price of a specific product/service, but they encode the

price in ways that are meaningful to them (Zeithaml, 1983). No all customer will remember

how much one scoop of ice cream in Bakin Robbins or Haagen Dazs.

Perception of Services quality, it will back to how the waitress serves you, To gain

competitive advantage and increase organizational effectiveness, companies are focusing

their attention on improving service quality. ( Gazzoli, 2010 ) but come of the company

not really focus about the service quality, like the ice creams store that normally people

just buy the grab it and go. But some of the ice cream like Haagen Dazs and Baskin

Robbins. They have a shop that the customer can sit and enjoy they ice cream.

Consumer behavior is seen as “the behavior that consumers display in searching

for, purchasing, using, evaluating, and disposing of products and services that they expect

will satisfy their needs” (Schiffman & Kanuk 2007:3).( viviam claasem 2007) consumer

behavior is a base in the marketing concept. Consumer behavior that we have actually to

understanding of consumer trends, consumer wants models to predict purchase and

consumption patterns, and communication methods to reach target markets most

effectively. With we understanding about consumer behaviour the consumer behaviour, we

can know what certainly the consumer want or what customer looking for. Consumer

behavior is based on the study of human behavior, but from the point of view of a consumer

role. Mostert (2002:37) accepts that consumer behavior is founded in human behavior.

(viviam claasem 2007)

6
 Perception is the ability to see, hear, or become aware of thorough the senses

(oxford dictionaries) that actually what the normal limits of human perception. Alias

Radam in the journal about consumer perception, in the journal he mention that

Consumer’s perception and attitudes can influence the decision of making process and also

buying behavior of each individual. Perception actually affected by external and internal

environmental effect such as economic, social, cultural and so on. The propose of we know

about customer perception is to built up the customer experiences, with this we will know

what the customer perception about service quality, product quality, and so on. Customer

perception is one of important part, because when the customer want to purchase same

product especially food product will step one process so the customer may decide to buy

or to not buy the product

Perception, Color. And realism ( Wayne Wright) Store atmosphere is about explain

more subconscious concept involving customers emotions in the store (Emma Aspfors

2010) perception and Sensation are perfect combination. For the Sensation refers to the

process of sensing the environment through touch, taste, sight, sound and smell.

Sight is more to the product that we can see with our eyes, we can see different

colors that make us feel more interesting purchase the product. Because Emma Aspfors

said that . Color has also proven to have both physical and psychological influences on

humans. Colors are of course important especially in the home-furnishing business since it

is a business that is easily affected by trends. Except for the importance of having the right

colored store due to trends, colors also can affects customer perception and buying

behavior

7
 Playing slow music in the store will make the customer feel enjoy, feel more

relaxed. Relaxed customers’ perception would certainly be better than non-relaxed

customers would, but the objectives of a store do not always go with the customers (Peter,

Olson 2005, 495; Solomon et. al 2006, 43-44) (Emma Aspfors 2010)

Touch is more to the material in the store, the material that use for the chair, table,

the counter and so on. This actually to create a customer perception of high quality the

advices are to choose material as silk or wool while but all the material or the quality will

back with the restaurant itself.

Smell, it’s a other senses, this also can influence buying behavior. Different

restaurant or store normally have they own smell that make unique, Baskin-Robbins and

Haagen-Dazs they own smell, that can it can affect customer’s perception.

Taste is more to the product itself. Each of the food product have special taste, that

you can’t get from other shop, chocolate flavor that customer taste in Baskin-Robbins will

different with chocolate flavor Haagen-Dazs. Knowing Consumers taste preferences are

very central for the food industry when Segmenting and positioning a new product (See

e.g. Solomon et. al 2006, 45-46) (Emma Aspfors 2010)

Brand is very important for a product in the market, brand name is to give consumer

information about the product itself. Brand asset are difficult and expensive to develop,

maintain, and also adapt ( David A. Aaker ) one product must have a good brand is right

to say to have a good brand that acceptable in the community is not easy and to have brand

is to cheap. The brand attitude is opinion of consumers toward a product determined

through market research. It will tell what customer think about a product or service,

whether the product can answer what actually the consumer need, and just how much the

8
product is wanted by the consumer. Brand attitudes determine the consumer’s

psychological aspect. The strength of brand loyalties is demonstrated by the fact that, on

average, precursor keep about half their market in units even though the fact that generics

are roughly one third the price of first pioneer ( Henry G. Grabowski 2009) first pioneer is

important because they that make brand strong.

The History of Ice Cream

History of Ice Cream Much of the early history of ice cream remains unproven

folklore. In the Eastern hemisphere ice cream was appreciated and enjoyed largely by

royalty. Ice cream was the favourite dessert for the Caliphs of Baghdad. The Arabs were

the first to add sugar to ice cream and were also the first to make ice cream commercially,

having factories in the 10th century. It was sold in the markets of all Arab cities in the past.

The Arabs introduced ice cream to the West, through Sicily. In China, during the Song

dynasty people began putting fruit juice in the water used to create the ice. Milk began to

be used in the Yuan dynasty as the Mongols, who were nomads, introduced milk to China.

In India, as early as the sixteenth century, the Mughal emperors used relays of horsemen

to bring ice from the Hind Kush to Delhi where it was used in fruit sorbets. Kulfi is believed

to have been introduced to South Asia by the Mughal conquest. Its origins trace back to

the cold snacks and desserts of Arab and Mediterranean cultures and it is very closely

related to the Persian ice cream. Kulfi is still enjoyed by Indians today. The International

Association of Ice Cream Manufacturers (lAICM), Washington DC (1978) wrote in "The

History of Ice Cream" that Charles I of England hosted a sumptuous state banquet hundreds

of years ago. The "coup de grace" of the delicacies of the day was cold and resembled

freshfallen snow but was much creamier and sweeter than any other after-dinner dessert.

9
The king wanted the delicacy to be served only at the royal table and rewarded his French

chef with a lifetime pension on condition that he did not divulge his secret recipe to anyone,

thereby keeping ice cream as a royal prerogative. Ice cream was introduced to the United

States by colonists who brought their ice cream recipes with them., Many of the

confectioners were Frenchmen, who sold ice cream at their shops in New York and other

cities during the colonial era. President George Washington, and President Thomas

Jefferson are reputed to have regularly eaten and served ice cream. Another narration from

lAICM history states that Dolley Madison, wife of U.S. President James Madison, served

ice cream at her husband's Inaugural Ball in 1813. The first Canadian to start selling ice

cream was Thomas Webb of Toronto, around 1850. William Neilson produced his first

commercial batch of ice cream in Toronto in 1893, and his company produced ice cream

at that location for close to 100 years. In a monograph published by the Royal Society of

Chemistry "The Science of Ice Cream", it was stated that the history of ice cream is closely

associated with the !0 development of refrigeration techniques (Caroline and Weir, 1993).

Before the development of modern refrigeration, ice cream was a luxury item reserved for

special occasions since ice cream manufacture was a laborious process. Ice was cut

commercially from lakes and ponds during the winter and stored in large heaps in holes in

the ground or in wood-frame ice houses, insulated by straw. Ice cream was made by hand

in a large bowl surrounded by packed ice and salt. The temperature of the ingredients was

reduced by the mixture of crushed ice and salt. The salty water was cooled by the ice, and

was liquid below the freezing point of pure water.The immersed container can make better

contact with the salty water and ice mixture than it could with ice alone. The immense

labour involved in making ice cream was reduced considerably when Nancy Johnson

10
invented the hand-cranked freezer in 1846, a device that is still in use in certain parts of the

world (Khanna, 2004). However Nancy Johnson did not patent her invention, hence the

credit of patenting goes to a Mr. Young who invented a similar type of freezer in 1848 and

called it the "Johnson Patent Ice Cream Freezer". Commercial production began in North

America in Baltimore, Maryland, USA as early as 1851 by Mr. Jacob Fussell who is

considered to be the father of the American ice cream industry. 11 However, the invention

of the hand-cranked freezer did not really facilitate largescale production of ice cream for

commercial purposes. The invention of the continuous freezer by Clarence Vogt and

subsequent modifications and improvements made by other manufacturers gave an impetus

to allow ice cream manufacture to blossom into an industry. The ice cream cone was used

in Paris in 1807 and plans are underway for the celebration of the bicentenary of the cone

in 2007.

The origin of ice-cream

An ice-cream-like food was first eaten in China in 618-97AD. King Tang of Shang,

had 94 ice men who helped to make a dish of buffalo milk, flour and camphor. A kind of

ice-cream was invented in China about 200 BC when a milk and rice mixture was frozen

by packing it into snow. Roman emperors are supposed to have sent slaves to mountain

tops to bring back fresh snow which was then flavoured and served as an early form of ice-

cream. The King of England, Charles I, is supposed to have offered his chef £500 a year to

keep his ice-cream recipe a secret from the rest of England. The explorer, Marco Polo

(1254-1324), is believed to have seen ice-creams being made during his trip to China and

introduced them to Italy. Ice Cream sundaes were invented when it became illegal to sell

ice-cream sodas on a Sunday in the American town of Evanston during the late 19th

11
century. To get round the problem some traders replaced the soda with syrup and called

the dessert an "Ice Cream Sunday." They replaced the final "y" with an "e" to avoid

upsetting religious leaders.

All About Ice Cream

It’s probably no surprise to you that July is National Ice Cream Month, National

Ice Cream Day is celebrated on the third Sunday in July. This year National Ice Cream Day

is July 15th, 2018! In the summer ice cream is the perfect cool treat to help you beat the

heat, whether you’re a sorbet snob or jonesin’ for a gelato - but do you know the inside

scoop on how this cold confection became a favorite dessert around globe? Find out All

About Ice Cream!

The Cold Not-So-Hard Facts. In 1984 President Ronald Reagan declared every

third Sunday of July to be National Ice Cream Day and the whole month of July as National

Ice Cream Month, but the history of this dessert is older than America itself, ice cream goes

all the way back to Ancient civilizations, and there is a lot of debate between ice cream

historians about who got there first!

Ice cream comes in all kinds of flavors. The beginning of ice cream can be traced

all the way back to 400 BC when the Ancient Persians would pour grape juice concentrate

over ice as a sweet to treat to cool off. They later added different flavors like mango and

rose water. Snow would be collected from mountain tops and stored in underground

chambers specifically for this cause. They weren’t the only ones trying to chill out, the

existence of a frozen rice and milk dessert in China has been documented from 200 BC

and the Ancient Roman Emperor Nero is said to have loved a fruit topped snow-based

dessert.

12
 There is some debate over who had the closest thing to what we now call ice cream

- for example in the 10th century the Arabs invented a dessert in which they combined milk,

ice and sugar with rosewater, dried fruits and nuts, however the Chinese were the first to

invent a machine that combined the flavors into a creamy state and when the famous Italian

explorer Marco Polo visited China, he brought the ice cream technology home to Italy

and...voila! Gelato!

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Based on the literatures cited above, the student researchers consider that the

dependent variables are the answer to find the level of awareness of the students on deep

web access.

Dependent Variable Independent Variable

1. What flavour of Hot Ice Cream Buns is

the best seller and costumers favourite?

2. What flavour of Hot Ice Cream Buns is

the costumer’s least favourite?

3. What strategies best use to sell the The Effectiveness of

“Hot Ice Cream” in the
product?
Business Profitability
4. Is there any suggestion that costumers
among the students of
wanted to business to be done? STI Vigan College
5. Is the business profitable as a business Vigan.
ventures?

Figure 1: The Conceptual Paradigm

The figure shows the relationship of the independent variable which is the profile

of the respondents and the dependent variable which is the effectiveness of Hot Ice Cream

Buns. The student-researchers will be guided by the above conceptual paradigm throughout

the conduct of the study.

13
 Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter present the research design, research locale, sample or the respondents,

research instrument, data collection procedure, and data analysis procedure.

Research Design

This study will utilize the descriptive experimental research design. Descriptive

research described the characteristic of a population or phenomenon being studied.

Descriptive designs include case studies, surveys, and naturalistic observation.

Experimental research involves the manipulation of an independent variable and the

measurement of a dependent variable.

Locale of the study

This study will be conducted at the front of Vigan City Hall, located at Burgos,

Vigan City Ilocos Sur. This will be conducted on third grading period of the school year

2018-2019.

Population of the study

This study will utilize consumers as the respondents. The respondents are those

who only belong to the age bracket 10-15 years old, teenagers, male and female.

Research Instrument

The research instrument that was used in data gathering has five questions. In order

to know their knowledge, the respondents answer and survey questionnaires. Observation

and interview.

14
Population and sample

This study will utilized the consumer as the respondents. The number of the

respondents will be the number of consumers.

Data gathering procedure

The researchers made a letter of approval and send to the office of the Principal of

STI College, Vigan. The researchers distributed questionare to the students which contain

questions that need to be answered based on their experience of course to the students.

After answering the distributed questioner, the researchers collected the answered checklist

for them to get their frequencies and results.

Data gathering instrument

The researchers used survey by distributing question to be answered in sentence to

the students who were the respondents of this study.

Data Gathering tools

The researchers use a questioner as a research data gathering instrument for the

study. The respondents are asked to answer in the questioner that based on the dessert food

and what are the suggestion they will give.

15
 Chapter IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

The following survey question are observed by the researchers with the following
interpretation:

Question #1: What flavour of Hot Ice Cream Buns is the best seller and costumer’s

favorite?

Respondent1: Mango-Graham slushie are usually sold. Unlike to your product, this is the

first product that our tasted it.

Respondent2: Mango-Graham ice cream it delicious that we can’t able to order again

because it is sold out that fast.

Respondent3: Mango-Graham it is the trend now so we tried to taste and it is so good.

Respondent4: Mango-Graham ice cream most of them are still looking for. But then it is

not available

- The flavour of hot Ice cream buns best seller and costumer’s favourite is the

Mango-Graham. It seem like the Chef product is that they just tasted a strange Ice

cream. Mango-Graham shake are usually sold. Unlike to our product, it is the first

product that they tasted it and this is the product that trend now. This is the product

of us that first to finish. And some of them are still looking for this flavour even it

is not available.

Question #2: What flavour of Hot Ice Cream Buns is the costumer’s least favourite?

Respondent1: Knowing that honeydew is we do not like too much.

16
Respondent2: We are not familiar with this flavour.

Respondent3: We Re afraid what may the tastes result.

Respondent4: I am not into this flavour.

- The flavour of Hot Ice Cream Buns is the costumer’s least favourite is the

Honeydew wit Banana Ice Cream. Knowing that honeydew is they do not like too

much. They are not familiar with this flavour. We just created this flavour with our

own. They are afraid what may tastes result but all of our flavour is creaminess,

sweetness and delightfulness.

Question #3: What strategies best use to sell the product?

Respondent1: The best strategy to use in this product is to use social media.

Respondent2: The best strategy to use in this product is to use social media because it is

very powerful one.

Respondent3: The best strategy to use in this product is to use social media. Once you

click it everyone can able to see, know and aware of it

Respondent4: Social media is one of the social media because it’s very easy to use for

everyone.

Respondent5: The best strategy to use in this product is to use social media you can upload

in face book, Instagram and etc. and make a commercial of your product.

- The best strategy to use in this product is to use social media because social media

is very powerful. Once you click it everyone can able to see, know and aware of it.

And it’s very easy to use for everyone. And making a commercial.

17
Question #4: Is there any suggestion that costumers wanted to business to be done?

Respondent1: Our suggestion you can make another and more flavour of your product.

Respondent2: You can make a cookies and cream ice cream.

Respondent3: Make a flavour that can customers you know will like it.

Respondent4: More flavour and make a cookies and cream

- Their suggestions is they want us to make another flavour of our product the

cookies and cream but they do not know we can only make from fresh fruits. Make

more flavours.

Question #5: Is the business profitable as a business ventures?

Respondent1: We like ice cream to eat even though it is seasonal or non-seasonal.

Respondent2: In all time it is good to freshen up ourselves in eating ice cream so it is

profitable business.

Respondent3: Yes, it is profitable because most of us loves to eat ice cream.

Respondent4: Yes, it is profitable.

- Yes, it is profitable because most of us loves to eat ice cream to freshen up

ourselves. And we can still eat ice cream even it is rainy or sunny days.

18
 Chapter V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Introduction

The study aims to determine the effectiveness of hot ice cream buns in the business
profitability among the students of STI Vigan College Vigan, and researchers find out that
there are many of them are like the Ice Cream products.

Summary of Findings.

The data gathered were analysed and interpreted through the use of experimental
method.

1. The dessert is profitable all the time. The purpose of this product is to let them

know that fresh fruits are good for making ice cream and all the fruits are

compatible to all ingredients in making ice cream.

2. The flow of our product is very well done.

Conclusion

With the findings of the study as the foundation, the researchers can take that:

1. The hot ice cream buns is effective in the business profitability among

costumers in Vigan.

2. In making ice cream is easy but it is not easy to sell them because you don’t

know what customer’s like.

19
Recommendation

In relationship of the findings and conclusion made in the study, the

recommendation are constructed:

1. This will be a good resource for future researchers.

2. This will be good basis for the next entrepreneur.

20
CURRICULUM VITAE

JEANNETTE T. TAGORDA

Puerta Real, Sto. Domingo, Ilocos Sur

jeannette.tagorda@icloud.com

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Age: 17 Years Old

Birthdate: September 24, 2001

Place of Birth: Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

Sex: Female

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

FAMILY BACKGROUND

Father: Mr. Lito T. Tagorda

Mother: Mrs. Juliana T. Tagorda

Siblings: Joanne T. Tabuyo

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary School: Sto. Domingo South Central School

Junior High School: Divine Word College of Vigan

Senior High School: STI College Vigan

CURRICULUM VITAE

CAMILLE V. TABACO

Solotsolot, San Juan, Ilocos Sur

camilleviloria@yahoo.com

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Age: 17 Years Old

Birthdate: July 20, 2001

Place of Birth: Tamag, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

Sex: Female

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

FAMILY BACKGROUND

Father: Mr.Gaudencio G. Tabaco

Mother: Mrs. Flordeliza V. Tabaco

Siblings: Mrs, Catherine T. Cueto

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary School: Namruangan Elementary School

Junior High School: Solotsolot National High School

Senior High School: STI College Vigan

CURRICULUM VITAE
CURRICULUM VITAE

DEXTER JOHN A. TABANIAG

Bulala Centro Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

dextertabaniag287@yahoo.com

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Age: 18Years Old

Birthdate: September 28,2000

Place of Birth: San Francisco Del Monte Quezon City

Sex: Male

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

FAMILY BACKGROUND

Father: Mr. Donnie Tabaniag

Mother: Mrs. Mercy Aragoza

Siblings: Cyrem Joy A. Tabaniag

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary School: San Francisco Elementary School

Junior High School: Vigan National High School West

Senior High School: STI College Vigan

CURRICULUM VITAE

MARK JOHN D. RAFANAN

Sta Catalina Ilocos Sur
markrafanan@yahoo.com

PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Age: 19 Years Old

Birthdate: February 13 2000

Place of Birth: Sta Catalina Ilocos Sur

Sex: Male

Civil Status: Single

Citiizenship: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

FAMILY BACKGROUND
Father: Mr. Maximo A.Rafanan
Mother: Mrs. Sunasa Rafanan
Brother: Jonathan Rafanan
Joel Rafanan
Mark Gil Rafanan
Demy Rafanan
Maricel Rafanan
EDUCATION BACKGROUND

Elementary School: Paratong Elementary School

Junior High School: Cabittaogan National High School
Senior High School: Sti College Vigan
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HOT ICE CREAM BUNS IN THE BUSINESS
PROFITABILITY AMONG THE STUDENTS OF STI VIGAN COLLEGE VIGAN

Qualitative Research

In Partial Fulfillment
Of The Requirements in the Subject of
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion

Camille V. Tabacp

Jeanntte T. Tagorda

Maek John D. Rafanan

Dexter John A. Tabaniag

2019