BIODIVESITY

- The variety and variability of life on earth is known as biodiversity.

Levels or Types of biodiversity:

1. Genetic diversity

- Due to the diversity of genetic materials within species

2. Species diversity

- The variation among species in a community.

Species richness

- number of species in an area

Species abundance

- Refers to the number of individuals per species

3. Community Diversity

- Variation in the biological communities in an ecosystem.

4. Ecosystem diversity

- Variation in the structure and functions of different ecosystems.

3 perspective of ecosystem diversity:

1. Alpha Diversity

- refers to the diversity of organisms sharing the same Community/Habitat.

2. Beta Diversity

- It refers to the diversity of organisms sharing two habitat.

3. Gamma Diversity

- Diversity of the habitat over the total landscape or geographical area

Diversity at different levels of biological organization:

1. Individual (species or organism)

- A species is a group of reproductively isolated organisms

2. Population

- is a group of individuals of the same species occupying a distinct space at a certain time.

3. Community:

- A group of interacting organisms sharing a specific geographical area and it shows species
diversity.

4. Ecosystem

- It refers to all the abiotic factors (physical and chemical constituents) and all the
communities that established in a specific area.

5. Biomes

- Largest ecological unit present in different geographic area and named after the dominant
vegetation.

6. Biosphere

- It is the whole portion of Earth colonized by living beings.

IMPORTANT SPECIES IN A COMMUNITY:

1. Keystone Species

- Species or set of species whose impact on its

community or ecosystem is much larger and
more influential

Philippine Crocodile

2. Indicator Species

- Species that serve as early warning s of

damage to a community or ecosystem.
 Pink-bellied imperial pegion

3. Native species

- Species which are native to particular area.

Philippine Turtle

4. Exotic or alien Species

- Species that migrate or accidentally

introduced into an ecosystem by human
beings.

Black Bug