ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER

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STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING 11. A cantilever hollow cylindrical bar is 1.5 m long, 5 mm thick with an
& CONSTRUCTION outside diameter of 75 mm. it is subjected to a torque of 3 kN-m at its
free end. What is the resulting angle of twist of the bar? Use G =
78000 MPa.
1. Which property of a material that enables it to undergo large
A. 5.67º B. 2.44º
permanent strains before failure? (CE NOV 2012, CE MAY 2013)
C. 3.33º D. 4.26º
A. Brittleness B. Creep
C. Ductility D. Strain Hardening SOLUTION:
TL
ANSWER: C. Ductility 
JG
2. Which material has the same composition at any point? (CE NOV
2012, CE MAY 2013) 
3  10  1500 
6

 
A. Isotropic B. Prismatic  75 4   75  10 4   78000 
32 
C. Homogeneous D. Orthotropic
  0.04261 rad
ANSWER: C. Homogeneous   2.4416
ANSWER: B. 2.44°
3. Which of the following states that the difference between the effects of
two different but statically equivalent loads becomes very small at
12. A thin walled cylinder shell has an internal diameter of 2 m is
sufficiently large distances from the load?
fabricated from plates 20 mm thick. Which of the following gives the
A. St. Venant’s Principle B. Hooke’s Law ratio of the hoop stresses over the longitudinal stress of the cylinder?
C. Pascal’s Law D. St. Ignatius’ Principle A. 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4
ANSWER: A. St. Venant’s Principle
SOLUTION:
4. It refers to the deformation of the member per unit length.
Hoop stress is twice the longitudinal stress.
A. Stress B. Strain
PD
C. Torsion D. Shear hoop 
2t
PD
ANSWER: B. Strain longitudinal 
4t
5. It refers to the weakening of a material caused by repeatedly applied 
hoop  2 longitudinal 
loads.
A. Rupture B. Yield hoop
2
C. Fatigue D. Creep longitudinal

ANSWER: C. Fatigue ANSWER: B. 2

6. It refers to the flexibility of a building structure. (CE NOV 2016, CE 13. A simply supported beam 5 m long is subjected to an impact by a 10
MAY 2018) kN weight that drops from a height of 1 m at its midspan. The beam is
rectangular, 100 mm wide and 240 mm deep. E = 200 GPa. Neglect
A. Rigidity B. Composite Stiffness
beam weight. Which of the following most nearly gives the deflection
C. Resilience D. Inverse of Stiffness at midspan considering the effect of impact?
A. 48.69 mm B. 69.53 mm
ANSWER: D. Inverse of Stiffness
C. 82.31 mm D. 118.33 mm
7. It is the point through which the resultant of all resisting forces acts. SOLUTION:
A. Center of Rigidity B. Center of Stiffness
Static Deflection at midspan due to concentrated load:
C. Center of Resistance D. All of the choices
PL3
s 
ANSWER: D. All of the choices 48EI

s 
10000  5000 3
8. It is the point through which the seismic force is assumed to act. (CE
1 3
MAY 2018) 48  200000   100  240  
A. Center of Rigidity B. Center of Mass 12 
C. Center of Inertia D. Center of Stiffness s  1.1303 mm

ANSWER: B. Center of Mass Dynamic deflection due to impact from height, h = 1 m:

 2h 
d  s  1  1  
9. Which of the following is the ratio of the lateral strain to the  s 

longitudinal strain in the deformation of axially loaded members? (CE
MAY 2012)  2 1000  
d  1.1303  1  1  
A. Young’s Modulus B. St. Venant’s Principle  1.1303 

C. Poisson’s Ratio D. Hooke’s Law
d  48.6891 mm
ANSWER: C. Poisson’s Ratio ANSWER: A. 48.69 mm
10. Determine the maximum allowable torque on a 50 mm diameter shaft
14. The spiral steel ratio for a 9-mm-diameter spiral reinforcement of a
when the permissible shear stress is 80 MPa. (CE NOV 2016)
round column 600 mm in diameter with fy = 200 MPa and f’c = 30
A. 2.51 kN-m B. 0.98 kN-m MPa is most nearly equal to: (Assume concrete clear cover of 40 mm)
C. 1.96 kN-m D. 1.29 kN-m A. 0.0413 B. 0.0365
C. 0.0297 D. 0.0224
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
TR 16T
S 
J D3 0.45f 'c  A gross 
s    1
16T fy  A core 
80 
  50 
3
  
0.45  30    600 2 
T  1.9635  106 N-mm s   4  1

   
200  600  2  40 2
T  1.9635 kN-m
4 
ANSWER: C. 1.96 kN-m s  0.02237

ANSWER: D. 0.0224
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CIVIL ENGINEER ING FOCUS REVIEW – PART I – 2019

15. The activities for a project and their corresponding durations under Angle that the resultant force makes with the horizontal
normal conditions are given in the following table: R
tan   v
Activity Node Duration (days) Rh
A 1–2 3 3.5617
tan  
B 2–3 8 3.7304
C 2–4 4   43.6751
D 4–3 6 ANSWER: B. 43.675°
E 3–5 2
F 5–6 5 Minimum weight of the concrete block with a factor of safety of 1.25 to
prevent uplift:
G 3–7 4
W
H 7–6 2 Rv 
FS
I 6–8 7
W
J 3–9 6 3.5617 
1.25
K 9 – 10 10
W  4.4522 kN
L 8 – 10 1
M 10 – 11 3 ANSWER: C. 4.45 kN

Which of the following gives the critical path of the project? (CE MAY SITUATION II. (CE NOV 2009)
2009, CE NOV 2016) A ladder 10 m long and weighing 35 kg is resting on a horizontal floor at A
A. A-B-J-K-M B. A-C-D-J-K-M and leaning on a vertical wall at B. The ladder makes an angle of 60° from
C. A-C-D-E-F-I-L-M D. A-B-G-H-I-L-M the horizontal floor. The coefficient of friction on all contact surfaces is
0.25.
SOLUTION: 19. Which of the following most nearly gives the farthest distance that a
75 kg man could climb up the ladder without causing the ladder to
Try CHOICES: slide?
A. A-B-J-K-M A. 4.51 m B. 3.90 m
# of days  3  8  6  10  3  30 days C. 3.38 m D. 2.25 m
B. A-C-D-J-K-M 20. Which of the following most nearly gives the reaction at A?
# of days  3  4  6  6  10  3  32 days A. 658.37 N B. 1046.88 N
C. 261.72 N D. 989.89 N
C. A-C-D-E-F-I-L-M 21. Which of the following most nearly gives the reaction at B?
# of days  3  4  6  2  5  7  1  3  31 days
A. 658.37 N B. 1046.88 N
D. A-B-G-H-I-L-M C. 261.72 N D. 989.89 N
# of days  3  8  4  2  7  1  3  28 days
SOLUTION:
Critical Path → longest # of days
A-C-D-J-K-M
ANSWER: B. A-C-D-J-K-M

SITUATION I. (CE NOV 2010, CE NOV 2012, CE MAY 2018)

Two tension wires are supported by a concrete block attached to an anchor
ring as shown in Figure ME-CF-105.

FV  0
NA  0.25NB   75  35  9.81  0  EQ1

16. Which of the following most nearly gives the resultant force in the
FH  0
anchor ring? 0.25NA  NB  0  EQ2
A. 10.420 kN B. 9.701 kN
Solve EQ1 and EQ2:
C. 7.825 kN D. 5.158 kN
17. Which of the following most nearly gives the angle that the resultant
NA  1015.6235 N
force makes with the horizontal? NB  253.9059 N
A. 19.987° B. 43.675°
C. 53.712° D. 39.556° Farthest distance that a 75 kg man could climb up the ladder without
causing the ladder to slide:
18. Which of the following most nearly gives the minimum weight of the
concrete block with a factor of safety of 1.25 to prevent uplift? MA  0
A. 3.86 kN B. 4.09 kN 75  9.81 x  c0s60   35  9.81 5  c0s60 
C. 4.45 kN D. 4.66 kN  NB 10  sin60   0.25NB 10  cos60   0

SOLUTION: x  4.5067 m

Resultant force in the anchor ring: ANSWER: A. 4.51 m

Rv   Fv   7  sin 15   3.5  sin 30 
Reaction at A:
Rv  3.5617 kN 
RA  NA 2   0.25NA 2
Rh   Fh   3.5  cos  30    7  cos 15  RA  1046.8808 N
Rh  3.7304 kN  ANSWER: B. 1046.88 N

R  Rv 2  Rh2 Reaction at B:

R 3.5617 2   3.7304 2 RB  NB 2   0.25NB 2

RB  261.7202 N
R  5.1577 kN
ANSWER: D. 5.158 kN ANSWER: C. 261.72 N

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CIVIL ENGINEER ING FOCUS REVIEW – PART I – 2019

SITUATION III. (CE MAY 2013, CE MAY 2014, CE MAY 2015) For P if T FG  1800 N:
The portable seat shown in Figure ME-NCNP-427 is braced by a cable FG.  MA  0
Surfaces A, B, E are frictionless.
P  x  0.2   RB  2x   0
P  x  0.2 
RB 
2x
 ME  0
DV  2   P 1.2   0
1.2P
DV 
2
 MC  0
TFG 1.7  0.5   RB  x   DV 1  0
P  x  0.2  1.2P
1800 1.2   x  1  0
2x 2
P  2025 N
ANSWER: B. 2025 N

SITUATION IV. (CE MAY 2012, CE MAY 2018)

The beam is strengthened by adding a short post BD, and is supported by
steel cable ADC as shown in Figure SM-ASDM-410. A man of weight “W”
is standing at the middle of the beam. Neglect the weight of the beam.
22. If P = 100 N, which of the following most nearly gives the reaction at
B?
A. 19.41 N B. 35.74 N
C. 41.18 N D. 58.82 N
23. If P = 100 N, which of the following most nearly gives the tension in
cable FG?
A. 58.82 N B. 63.78 N
C. 88.89 N D. 99.40 N
24. If the allowable tension in cable FG is 1800 N, which of the following
most nearly gives the maximum value of P that the seat can safely
carry?
A. 1810 N B. 2025 N
25. If the tensile capacity of the cable is 2 kN, which of the following most
C. 2820 N D. 3060 N
nearly gives the maximum weight W of the man that the beam can
carry?
SOLUTION:
A. 1.2649 kN B. 1.3556 kN
C. 0.6325 kN D. 0.7272 kN
2
26. If the area of the cable is 120 mm , which of the following most nearly
gives the elongation of the cable due to the maximum tension of 2
kN?
A. 0.4242 mm B. 0.3333 mm
C. 0.2372 mm D. 0.1667 mm
27. If W = 850 N, which of the following most nearly gives the axial force
in member BD?
A. 1.70 kN B. 1.28 kN
C. 0.85 kN D. 0.43 kN

SOLUTION:

1.5 1.7
tan   
1 x
If the tensile capacity of the cable is 2 kN, maximum weight W of the
  56.3099
man that the beam can carry:
x  1.1333 m 0.9
tan  
For RB if P = 100N: 2.7
 MA  0   18.4349
P  x  0.2   RB  2x   0 R
sin  
RB  41.1765 kN Tcable

ANSWER: C. 41.18 N R   Tcable  sin 

R   2  sin 18.4349 
For TFG if P = 100N:
R  0.6325 kN
Member DE:
 ME  0 W  2R  2  0.6325 
DV  2   P 1.2   0 W  1.2649 kN
DV  60 N ANSWER: A. 1.2649 kN
Member BD: 2
If the area of the cable is 120 mm , elongation of the cable due to the
 MC  0 maximum tension of 2 kN:
TFG 1.7  0.5   RB  x   DV 1  0
L  2.72  0.92  2.8460 m
TFG  88.8889 N

ANSWER: C. 88.89 N

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CIVIL ENGINEER ING FOCUS REVIEW – PART I – 2019

TL SITUATION VI. (CE MAY 2011)

 A vertical cylindrical steel tank 3 m in diameter and 6 m high has a wall
AE
 2000   2.8460  103 
thickness of 12 mm.
31. If the tank is filled with water, which of the following most nearly gives

120  200000  A.
the circumferential stress?
8.16 MPa B. 7.36 MPa
  0.2372 mm C. 4.08 MPa D. 3.68 MPa
ANSWER: C. 0.2372 mm 32. If the tank is filled with water, which of the following most nearly gives
the longitudinal stress?
If W = 850 N, axial force in member BD: A. 8.16 MPa B. 7.36 MPa
 Fv  0 C. 4.08 MPa D. 3.68 MPa
FBD  W 33. If the stress is limited to 5 MPa, which of the following most nearly
gives the maximum height of water up to which the tank may be
FBD  850 N  0.85 kN filled?
ANSWER: C. 0.85 kN A. 8.16 m B. 7.36 m
C. 4.08 m D. 3.68 m
SITUATION V. (CE NOV 2011)
A hollow circular pole having a height of 3 m, an outside diameter of 300 SOLUTION:
mm, and a wall thickness of 6 mm, weighs 150 N/m. The pole carries a
Maximum pressure at the bottom of the tank due to water:
compressive load of 3 kN at an eccentricity of100 mm and a lateral load of
P  h
0.45 kN at its top.
28. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum compressive P   9.81 6 
stress at the base of the pole due to the combined loadings?
P  58.86 kPa  58.86  103 MPa
A. 4.754 MPa B. 3.873 MPa
C. 3.509 MPa D. 2.591 MPa Circumferential/Tangential/Hoop Stress:
29. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum tensile stress PD
circumferential 
at the base due to the combined loadings? 2t
A.
C.
4.673 MPa
2.361 MPa
B.
D.
3.509 MPa
1.249 MPa circumferential 
58.86  10  3000 
3

30. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum shear stress at 2 12 
the base if the hollow pole is replaced by a solid circular wooden pole circumferential  7.3575 MPa
of diameter 250 mm?
A. 0.0122 MPa B. 0.0259 MPa ANSWER: B. 7.36 MPa
C. 0.0390 MPa D. 0.0451 MPa
Longitudinal Stress:
SOLUTION: longitudinal 
PD 1
  circumferential 
4t 2
1
longitudinal   7.3575 
2
longitudinal  3.6788 MPa

ANSWER: D. 3.68 MPa

If the stress is limited to 5 MPa, maximum height of water up to which

the tank may be filled:
allowable  circumferential
PD
allowable 
2t

allowable 
 h D
2t

5  10 3

 9.81 h 3000 
Maximum compressive stress at the base: 2 12 
P Mc h  4.0775 m
c   
A I ANSWER: C. 4.08 m
 450  3000  3000  100  
300 
3000  150  3  SITUATION VII. (CE NOV 2013)
c     2 

  
 
An element is subjected to a pure shearing stress as shown in Figure SM-
3002   300  12  3004   300  12
2 4
MC-251.
4 64
c  4.7544 MPa

ANSWER: A. 4.754 MPa

Maximum tensile stress at the base:
P Mc
c   
A I

 450  3000  3000  100  

300 
3000  150  3 
c     2 

4 
3002   300  12 
2
 
64 
3004   300  12
4

σc  3.5093 MPa

ANSWER: B. 3.509 MPa

If diameter of solid pole is 250 mm, maximum shear stress at the
base: 34. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum normal stress?
4V A. 40 MPa B. 60 MPa

3A C. 80 MPa D. 100 MPa
4  450  35. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum shearing
 stress?
 2
3   250   A. 40 MPa B. 60 MPa
4 
C. 80 MPa D. 100 MPa
  0.01222 MPa
36. Which of the following most nearly gives the angle that the plane of
ANSWER: A. 0.0122 MPa maximum shear makes with the principal axis?
A. 30° B. 45°
C. 60° D. 90°

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CIVIL ENGINEER ING FOCUS REVIEW – PART I – 2019

SOLUTION: Shear and Moment Diagrams:

Maximum normal stress:
max  80 MPa

ANSWER #: C. 80 MPa

Maximum shearing stress:

max  80 MPa

ANSWER #: C. 80 MPa

Angle that the plane of maximum shear makes with the principal axis:
2  90
  45
ANSWER #: B. 45°

SITUATION VIII. (CE MAY 2011, CE MAY 2018)

The entrance of a warehouse has a roof that supports a uniform load of 8
kN/m as shown in Figure TS-FVM-101. The supports at B and C are
assumed to be simply supported.

Location of zero shear:

x 6

25.5 25.5  22.5
x  3.1875 m
6  x  2.8125 m

Maximum negative moment:

1
0  1.5  12   Mmax
2
Mmax  9 kN-m

ANSWER: A. 9 kN-m

37. Which of the following most nearly gives the vertical reaction at the Maximum positive moment:
column support? 1
A. 43.50 kN B. 37.50 kN 9   3.1875  25.5   Mmax
2
C. 22.50 kN D. 16.50 kN Mmax  31.6406 kN-m
38. Which of the following most nearly gives the vertical reaction at C?
A. 43.50 kN B. 37.50 kN ANSWER: D. 31.64 kN-m
C. 22.50 kN D. 16.50 kN
SITUATION IX. (CE NOV 2012, CE MAY 2013,
39. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum negative
A timber column, 75 mm  50 mm in cross-section, is subjected to an axial
moment in the beam? force of 500 N as shown in Figure SM-TSMC-135.
A. 9 kN-m B. 10 kN-m
C. 12 kN-m D. 16 kN-m
40. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum positive
moment in the beam?
A. 22.87 kN-m B. 28.25 kN-m
C. 35.62 kN-m D. 31.64 kN-m

SOLUTION:

41. If  = 15°, which of the following most nearly gives the normal stress
on plane A-B?
A. 0.1164 MPa B. 0.1244 MPa
C. 0.1320 MPa D. 0.1442 MPa
42. If  = 15°, which of the following most nearly gives the shear stress on
Vertical reaction at B: plane A-B?
 MC  0 A. 0.0333 MPa B. 0.0415 MPa
 7.5  C. 0.0555 MPa D. 0.0698 MPa
RB  6   8  7.5   0 43. Which of the following most nearly gives the angle  for the shear
 2 
stress of plane A-B to be maximum?
RB  37.50 kN A. 15° B. 45°
ANSWER: B. 37.50 kN C. 60° D. 90°

Vertical reaction at C: SOLUTION:

 MB  0 For  AB if  = 15°:
 7.5  NAB  500  cos 15   482.9629 N
8  7.5    1.5   RC  6   0
 2   75 
 cos 15    
RC  22.50 kN A AB   50  3882.2857 mm2
 
ANSWER: C. 22.50 kN N
AB  AB  0.1244 MPa
A AB

ANSWER: B. 0.1244 MPa

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CIVIL ENGINEER ING FOCUS REVIEW – PART I – 2019

For AB if  = 15°: 49. Which of the following gives the axial load carried by member FG?
VAB  500  sin 15  129.4095 N A. 2.3 kN B. 3.7 kN
C. 4.7 kN D. 6.0 kN
V
AB  AB  0.0333 MPa
A AB SOLUTION:
ANSWER: A. 0.0333 MPa

For  if AB is maximum:

2  90
  45
ANSWER: B. 45°

SITUATION X. (CE MAY 2012)

A 6-m long restrained beam as shown in Figure TS-DR-501 carries a
6
uniformly distributed load of 20 kN/m. Use E = 200 GPa and I x = 67.5010
4
mm .
Reactions:
 MC  0
P2  a   P3  a  b   P1  a   P4 h   RH a  2b   0
RH  2.3 kN
 FV  0
RC  RH  P1  P2  P3  0
RC  4.7 kN

44. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment at the fixed end? Axial load carried by member BC:
A. 50 kN-m B. 55 kN-m TCD  0 (cables carry only tensile loads)
C. 60 kN-m D. 65 kN-m At joint C:
45. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum shear?  FV  0
A. 50 kN B. 55 kN
RC  PBC  0
C. 60 kN D. 65 kN
46. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum deflection? PBC  4.7 kN (compression)
A. 5.0 mm B. 5.5 mm ANSWER: C. 4.7 kN
C. 6.0 mm D. 6.5 mm
Axial load carried by member DG:
SOLUTION: Section 1-1:
Moment at the fixed end: z  b2  h2  3.75 m
M
1
wL2 
1
 20  6 2 TEF  0 (cables carry only tensile loads)
12 12
 FVright  0
M  60 kN-m
 3 
ANSWER: C. 60 kN-m TDG    2.3  3  0
 3.75 
Maximum shear: TDG  0.875 kN (tension)
wL  20  6 
Vmax  R   ANSWER: C. 0.875 kN
2 2
Vmax  60 kN Axial load carried by member FG:
At joint G:
ANSWER: C. 60 kN
 FV  0
Maximum deflection:  3 
1 1 1 1 1 1 
TDG    PFG  3  0
max  mid    3 180    3    3  60    3    3  90    3    3.75 
EI  2 3 2 3 4  PFG  2.3 kN (tension)
67.5 1000 
4
67.5
max   ANSWER: A. 2.3 kN
EI 
200000 67.5  106 
SITUATION XII.
max  5.0 mm NSCP specifies that the nominal maximum size of coarse aggregates shall
ANSWER: A. 5.0 mm not be larger than:
 1/5 the narrowest dimension between the sides of the forms
SITUATION XI. (CE MAY 2015)  1/3 the depth of slabs
Figure TS-CTMS-351 shows a plane truss with diagonal members BE, CD,  3/4 the minimum clear spacing between individual reinforcing
DG, and EF as cables. For this problem, use distances a = 3 m, b = 2.25 bars or wires, bundle of bars or prestressing tendons or ducts.
m, h = 3 m, and applied loads P1 = 1 kN, P2 = 3 kN, P3 = 3 kN, and P 4 = 1.5 NSCP further specifies that the minimum clear spacing between parallel
kN. bars in a layer shall be equal to db (diameter of reinforcing bar) but not less
than 25 mm. When parallel reinforcement is placed in two or more layers,
bars in the upper layer shall be placed directly above the bars in the bottom
layer with a clear distance between layers of not less than 25 mm.
A given cross section of a rectangular beam 270 mm x 600 mm is
reinforced with 8-20 mm diameter main bars arranged in two layers of four
bars in each layer. Clear concrete cover is 43 mm and diameter of stirrups
is 10 mm.
50. Which of the following gives the required clear horizontal spacing
between bars?
A. 32 mm B. 28 mm
C. 24 mm D. 20 mm
51. Which of the following gives the narrowest dimension of horizontal
forms?
47. Which of the following gives the axial load carried by member BC? A. 261 mm B. 258 mm
A. 2.3 kN B. 3.7 kN C. 247 mm D. 270 mm
C. 4.7 kN D. 6.0 kN 52. Which of the following gives the maximum size of coarse aggregates?
48. Which of the following gives the axial load carried by member DG? A. 21 mm B. 52 mm
A. 0.525 kN B. 0.650 kN C. 34 mm D. 28 mm
C. 0.875 kN D. 0.975 kN

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SOLUTION:
Clear horizontal spacing between bars:
 
2  concrete cover   2 stirrups  4  main   3  Sclear   b
2  43   2 10   4  20   3  Sclear   270
270  2  43   2 10   4  20 
Sclear 
3
Sclear  28 mm

ANSWER: B. 28 mm

Narrowest dimension of horizontal forms:

  
bnarrowest  2  concrete cover   2 stirrups  4  main   3 Sclear min 
bnarrowest  2  43   2 10   4  20   3  25 
56. Which of the following most nearly gives the uniform service dead
bnarrowest  261 mm
load on beam GHI?
ANSWER: A. 261 mm A. 9.88 kN/m B. 11.38 kN/m
C. 17.38 kN/m D. 19.18 kN/m
Maximum size of coarse aggregates: 57. Which of the following most nearly gives the uniform service live load
1 on beam GHI?
st
1 :  261  52.2 mm A. 11 kN/m B. 13 kN/m
5
1 C. 15 kN/m D. 16 kN/m
nd
2 :  depth of slabs  not given 58. Which of the following most nearly gives the factored concentrated
3
load at H due to loads on beam GHI?
3
rd
3 :  28  21 mm A. 116.09 kN B. 188.35 kN
4 C. 287.91 kN D. 312.20 kN
ANSWER: A. 21 mm
SOLUTION:
SITUATION XIII. Uniform service dead load:
A singly reinforced concrete beam has a width of 250 mm and an effective
wDL  3  2.5   23.5  0.28  0.63  0.11  23.5  2.5 0.11
depth of 500 mm. Concrete strength is 28 MPa and steel yield strength is
280 MPa. wDL  17.3841 kN/m
53. Which of the following gives the balanced reinforcement ratio?
A. 0.0263 B. 0.0348 ANSWER: C. 17.38 kN/m
C. 0.0415 D. 0.0493
Uniform service live load:
54. Which of the following gives the maximum allowable steel area in
accordance with the NSCP strength design specifications? wLL  5.2  2.5 
A. 4618.25 mm
2
B. 6162.50 mm
2
wLL  13 kN/m
2 2
C. 2465.63 mm D. 3262.50 mm
55. If the design moment at ultimate loads is 430 kN-m, which of the
ANSWER: B. 13 kN/m
following gives the required number of 25-mm diameter tension bars?
Factored concentrated load at H:
A. 7 B. 8
w u  1.4wDL  1.7wLL  46.43774 kN/m
C. 9 D. 10
PuH  w u  6.2 
SOLUTION: PuH  287.9140 kN
Balanced steel ratio:
0.85f 'c 600 ANSWER: C. 287.91 kN
bal  1
fy 600  fy SITUATION XV. (CE NOV 2016)
bal  0.04926 The floor framing plan of a reinforced concrete structure is shown in Figure
RCD-OWS-501. Lengths of beams are L1 = 6 m, L2 = 6 m, and L3 = 7 m,
ANSWER: D. 0.0493 and spacing of beams, s = 2.5 m. Typical column dimension is 350 mm ×
350 mm. The floor is subjected to a total service dead load of 5.0 kPa
Maximum steel area: (including slab and beam weight) and a total service live load of 3.6 kPa.
A smax  maxbd   0.75bal  bd The NSCP provision for the coefficients of approximate moment and shear
for design of continuous beams and one-way slabs is also given. Use load
A smax  4618.2528 mm2
combination: U  1.2D  1.6L
2
ANSWER: A. 4618.25 mm

If Muact  430 kN-m :

 1 A s fy 
Muact  A s fy d  
 2 b  0.85f 'c  
 1 A s  280  
430  106  0.9A s  280  500  
 2  250  0.85  28  
A s  4271.1993 mm2

A s  4271.1993  n  252
4
NSCP Provision:
n  8.70  9 pieces
In lieu of frame analysis, the following approximate moments and shears
ANSWER: C. 9 are permitted for design of continuous beams and one-way slabs (slabs
reinforced to resist flexural stresses in only one direction), provided:
SITUATION XIV. (CE MAY 2012, CE MAY 2016) a. There are two or more spans;
The floor framing plan of a reinforced concrete structure is shown in Figure b. Spans are approximately equal, with the larger of two adjacent
RCD-OWS-061. The beams have a width of 280 mm and an overall depth spans not greater than the shorter by more than 20 percent;
of 630 mm and support a slab of thickness 110 mm. Other than concrete c. Loads are uniformly distributed;
weight, the floor is subjected to an additional (superimposed) dead load of d. Unit live load does not exceed three times the unit dead load; and
3 kPa and a live load of 5.2 kPa. Consider unit weight of concrete is 23.5 e. Members are prismatic.
3
kN/m . Due to space consideration, the columns at E and H are to be
Positive Moment
removed, making girder BEHK support the beam DEF at E and the beam
End Spans
GHI at H. 2
Discontinuous end unrestrained ……………………………… wuLn /11
2
Discontinuous end integral with support …………………….. wuLn /14
2
Interior spans ……………………………………..…………….. wuLn /16

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Negative Moment wULn2

Negative moment at exterior face of first interior support Mmax  
2 10
Two spans ………………......................................................... wuLn /9
More than two spans …………………………………………… wuLn /10
2

Mmax  
 29.4  6.15 2
2
Negative moment at other faces of interior supports …..…………. wuLn /11 10
Negative moment at face of all supports for: Mmax  111.1982 kN-m
Slabs with spans not exceeding 3 m and beams where ratio of sum of
column stiffness to beam stiffness exceeds eight at each end of the ANSWER: D. −111.20kN-m
2
span ……………… wuLn /12
Maximum shear in beam EF:
Negative moment at interior face of exterior support for members built 1.15wULn
integrally with supports Vmax 
When support is a spandrel beam …………………………… wuLn /24
2 2
When support is a column ……………………………………. wuLn /16
2
1.15  29.4  6.0  0.35 
Vmax 
2
Shear in end members at face of first interior support ………. … 1.15wuLn/2
Vmax  95.5133 kN
Shear at face of all other supports ………………………………….. wuLn/2
ANSWER: D. 95.51 kN
Where Ln = clear span for positive moment or shear and average of
adjacent clear spans for negative moment. SITUATION XVI. (CE MAY 2017)
59. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum positive The floor framing plan of a reinforced concrete structure is shown in Figure
moment in span EF due to factored loads? RCD-OWS-650. Lengths of beams are L = 6.0 m, and spacing of beams, s
A. 75.06 kN-m B. 67.04 kN-m = 2.5 m. The beams have a width of 250 mm and an overall depth of 450
mm and support a slab of thickness 100 mm. Typical column dimension is
C. 66.15 kN-m D. 58.66 kN-m
300 mm × 300 mm. The floor is subjected to a total factored dead load of
60. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum moment in
6.0 kPa (including slab and beam weight) and a total factored live load of
span EF due to factored loads?
7.6 kPa. The NSCP provision for the coefficients of approximate moment
A. 104.28 kN-m B. 93.85 kN-m and shear for design of continuous beams and one-way slabs is also given.
C. 85.32 kN-m D. 58.66 kN-m
61. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum moment at
midspan in member FG due to factored loads?
A. 85.32 kN-m B. 39.11 kN-m
C. 67.04 kN-m D. 58.66 kN-m
62. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum negative
moment in span GH due to factored loads?
A. 130.01 kN-m B. 69.49 kN-m
C. 93.58 kN-m D. 111.20 kN-m
63. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum shear in span
EF due to factored loads?
A. 143.10 kN B. 118.34 kN
C. 85.30 kN D. 95.51 kN

SOLUTION:
Uniform service loads:
wDL  5.0  2.5   12.5 kN/m
wLL  3.6  2.5   9.0 kN/m

Uniform factored load:

wU  1.2wDL  1.6wLL NSCP Provision:
wU  1.2 12.5   1.6  9.0  In lieu of frame analysis, the following approximate moments and shears
are permitted for design of continuous beams and one-way slabs (slabs
wU  29.40 kN/m reinforced to resist flexural stresses in only one direction), provided:
a. There are two or more spans;
Maximum positive moment in span EF:
b. Spans are approximately equal, with the larger of two adjacent
wULn2 spans not greater than the shorter by more than 20 percent;
Mmax  
14 c. Loads are uniformly distributed;
d. Unit live load does not exceed three times the unit dead load; and
Mmax  
 29.4  6.0  0.35 2 e. Members are prismatic.
14
Positive Moment
Mmax  67.0373 kN-m
End Spans
2
ANSWER: B. 67.04 kN-m Discontinuous end unrestrained ……………………………… wuLn /11
2
Discontinuous end integral with support …………………….. wuLn /14
2
Maximum moment in span EF: Interior spans ……………………………………..…………….. wuLn /16
wULn2 Negative Moment
Mmax 
10 Negative moment at exterior face of first interior support
2
Two spans ………………......................................................... wuLn /9
Mmax 
 29.4  6.0  0.35 2 More than two spans …………………………………………… wuLn /10
2

10 2
Negative moment at other faces of interior supports …..…………. wuLn /11
Mmax  93.8522 kN-m Negative moment at face of all supports for:
ANSWER: B. 93.85 kN-m Slabs with spans not exceeding 3 m and beams where ratio of sum of
column stiffness to beam stiffness exceeds eight at each end of the
2
Maximum moment at midspan in member FG: span ……………… wuLn /12
wULn2 Negative moment at interior face of exterior support for members built
Mmax  integrally with supports
16 2
When support is a spandrel beam …………………………… wuLn /24
Mmax 
 29.4  6.0  0.35 2 When support is a column ……………………………………. wuLn /16
2

16 Shear in end members at face of first interior support ………. … 1.15wuLn/2

Mmax  58.6576 kN-m
Shear at face of all other supports ………………………………….. wuLn/2
ANSWER: D. 58.66 kN-m
Where Ln = clear span for positive moment or shear and average of
Maximum negative moment in span GH: adjacent clear spans for negative moment.

Ln 
 6.0  0.35  7  0.35   6.15 m 64. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum negative
2 moment in beam FGHIJ?
A. −110.47 kN-m B. −122.74 kN-m
C. −100.42 kN-m D. −92.06 kN-m

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65. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum positive For Pn:
moment in beam HI? Pu  1.4 1020   1.7  790   2771 kN
A. 69.04 kN-m B. 100.42 kN-m
C. 78.90 kN-m D. 110.47 kN-m 2771 103
qu   0.3801 MPa
66. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum shear in beam  2700 2
FGHIJ?
Pu  qu  c  d
2
A. 117.30 kN B. 96.90 kN
Pn 
C. 82.00 kN D. 111.44 kN   4  c  d d

2771 103  0.3801 400  490 

2
SOLUTION:
Pn 
Total factored load: 0.85  4  400  490  490  
wU  wUDL  wULL Pn  1.6658 MPa
wU  6.0  2.5   7.6  2.5  ANSWER: C. 1.67 MPa
wU  34 kN/m
SITUATION XVIII.
Clear span:
Which of the following is described herein?
Ln  L  c  6.0  0.3 70. Stressing high strength steel wires before the concrete hardens
Ln  5.7 m A. Post-tensioning B. Pre-tensioning
C. Creep D. Relaxation
Maximum negative moment in beam FGHIJ:
wULn2 ANSWER: B. Pre-tensioning
Mmax  
10 71. Stressing high strength steel after the concrete has been cast and has

Mmax  
 34  5.7 2 A.
attained sufficient strength
Post-tensioning B. Pre-tensioning
10
C. Creep D. Relaxation
Mmax  110.466 kN-m
ANSWER: A. Post-tensioning
ANSWER: A. −110.47 kN-m
72. Loss of stress that takes place with the passage of time as concrete is
Maximum positive moment in beam HI: held at a constant strain
2 A. Post-tensioning B. Pre-tensioning
wULn
Mmax   C. Creep D. Relaxation
16
ANSWER: D. Relaxation
Mmax  
 34  5.7 2
16 SITUATION XIX. (CE NOV 2011, CE MAY 2018)
Mmax  69.0413 kN-m A 6 m long cantilever beam 250 mm  600 mm carries a uniformly
distributed dead load of 5 kN/m (including beam weight) and a
ANSWER: A. 69.04 kN-m concentrated live load of 18 kN at the free end. The beam is pretensioned
with 12-mm diameter strands causing a final prestressing force of 540 kN.
Maximum shear in beam FGHIJ: 73. Which of the following most nearly gives the resulting stress at the
1.15wULn bottom fiber at the free end if the prestressing strands are located at
Vmax 
2 the neutral axis of the beam?
1.15  34  5.7  A. 3.0 MPa B. 3.3 MPa
Vmax  C. 3.6 MPa D. 4.5 MPa
2
Vmax  111.435 kN 74. Which of the following most nearly gives the resulting stress at the top
fiber at the fixed end if the prestressing strands are located 100 mm
ANSWER: D. 111.44 kN above the neutral axis of the beam?
A. 6.0 MPa B. 5.4 MPa
SITUATION XVII. (CE MAY 2009) C. 5.0 MPa D. 4.8 MPa
A square column 400 mm  400 mm rests on square footing. The column 75. Which of the following most nearly gives the distance of the
supports a dead load of 1020 kN and alive load of 790 kN. The soil bearing prestressing strands above the neutral axis of the beam such that the
capacity is 280 kPa. The base of the footing is 1.50 m below the ground. resulting stress at the top fiber at the fixed end is zero?
3
Assume unit weight of concrete of 24 kN/m and unit weight of soil of 16 A. 183.33 mm B. 206.67 mm
3
kN/m . The footing has a thickness of 590 mm and an effective depth of C. 233.33 mm D. 266.67 mm
490 mm.
67. Which of the following most nearly gives the effective soil bearing
SOLUTION:
capacity?
A. 220.58 kPa B. 236. 79 kPa Resulting stress at the bottom fiber at the free end if the prestressing
C. 251.28 kPa D. 256.00 kPa strands are located at the neutral axis of the beam:
68. Which of the following most nearly gives the dimensions of the footing Mfree end  0
rounded up to the nearest 0.10 m? e0  prestressing force is acting at the neutral axis
A. 2.60 m B. 2.70 m
C. 2.80 m D. 2.90 m Pf 540  103
fbottom   
69. Which of the following most nearly gives the nominal punching shear bd  250  600 
stress? (Hint: use load combination U  1.4D  1.7L )
fbottom  3.6 MPa
A. 1.52 MPa B. 1.60 MPa
C. 1.67 MPa D. 1.76 MPa ANSWER: C. 3.6 MPa

SOLUTION: Resulting stress at the top fiber at the fixed end if the prestressing
strands are located 100 mm above the neutral axis of the beam:
For qeff:
Mfixed end  5  6  3   18  6 
qeff  280  24  0.59   16 1.50  0.59 
Mfixed end  198 kN-m
qeff  251.28 kPa
e  100 mm
ANSWER: C. 251.28 kPa
Pf 6Pf e 6M
ftop    
For B = L: bd bd2 bd2
qactual  qeffective
Ptotal ftop  
540  103

  
6 540  103 100  6 198  106


A ftg
 qeffective  250  600   250  600 2  250  600 2
ftop  6.0 MPa
1020  790
2
 251.28
B ANSWER: A. 6.0 MPa
B  2.6839 m
Use B = 2.70 m
ANSWER: B. 2.70 m

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Distance of the prestressing strands above the neutral axis of the Maximum length of the column so that the proportional limit of 320
beam such that the resulting stress at the top fiber at the fixed end is MPa will not be exceeded:
zero: 2E
Mfixed end  5  6  3   18  6  fcr  2
 kL 
Mfixed end  198 kN-m  
 r cr
Pf 6Pf e 6M 2  200000 
ftop     320 
bd bd2 bd2  kL 
2

0
540  103

 
3

6 540  10  e  6 198  10  6
  
 r cr
    250  600 2  250  600 2
250 600  kL 
   25  78.5398
e  266.6667 mm
 r 

ANSWER: D. 266.67 mm Strong Axis:

 kL 
SITUATION XX.    25
(CE NOV 2010)  r x
An 8-m long steel column is pinned at the top and fixed at the bottom and
0.70L
is laterally supported at midspan about its weak axis.  25
148.1007
The properties of the column are as follows: L  16616.8596 mm
Area, A = 8129 mm
2
L  16.6169 m
6 4
Moment of Inertia, I x = 178.310 mm Weak Axis:
6 4
Moment of Inertia, Iy = 18.810 mm  kL 
   25
The effective length factors are  r y
Pinned at both ends …………………………….. 1.00 L
1 
Fixed at both ends ………………………………. 0.50  2   25
Fixed at one end and pinned at the other ….…. 0.70 48.0906
76. Which of the following most nearly gives the critical slenderness ratio? L  7554.0567 mm
A. 37.81 B. 48.09 L  7.5541 m  least value governs
C. 83.18 D. 148.10
77. Which of the following most nearly gives the critical buckling load? ANSWER: C. 7.55 m
A. 2319.36 kN B. 2916.33 kN
SITUATION XXI. (CE NOV 2013)
C. 3236.91 kN D. 3621.93 kN
Beam AB is simply supported at A and is fixed at B as shown in Figure
78. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum length of the
Figure TS-BC-311. Column AC is a 200 mm square structural tubing with
column so that the proportional limit of 320 MPa will not be the following properties:
exceeded? 3 2
A = 9.310 mm
A. 2.16 m B. 5.75 m E = 200 GPa
C. 7.55 m D. 16.62 m 6
I = 54.510 mm
4

r = 77 mm
SOLUTION: Fy = 317 MPa
Radius of gyration:
Ix 178.3  106
rx    148.1007 mm
A 8129

Iy 18.8  106
ry    48.0906 mm
A 8129

Critical slenderness ratio:

Strong Axis:
Lx  L  8 m
k x  0.70
79. Which of the following most nearly gives the allowable concentric load
 kL  0.70  8000  in column AC if both ends are pin-connected and sidesway is
    37.8121 prevented?
 x
r 148.1007
A. 1182.12 kN B. 1577.41 kN
Weak Axis: C. 2240.84 kN D. 2988.30 kN
L 80. Which of the following most nearly gives the critical buckling load in
Ly   4 m
2 column AC if both ends are pin-connected and sidesway is
ky  1 prevented?
A. 1182.12 kN B. 1577.41 kN
 kL  1 4000  C. 2240.84 kN D. 2988.30 kN
  
 y
r 48.0906 81. If beam AB is subjected to a uniformly distributed load of 28 kN/m,
which of the following most nearly gives the maximum bending stress
 kL 
   83.1763  larger value governs in beam AB if its properties are the same as in column AC?
 r y A. 84 MPa B. 224 MPa
C. 367 MPa D. 411 MPa
ANSWER: C. 83.18
SOLUTION:
Critical buckling load:
E  200000 MPa Allowable concentric load in column AC if both ends are pin-
connected and sidesway is prevented:
Icr  Iy  48.0906 mm4
kL 1 6000 
Lcr  L y  4000 mm   77.9221
r 77

2EIcr 22  200000 

Pcr  22E
Lcr 2 Cc    111.5964
Fy 317

Pcr 

2  200000  18.8  106  kL
 Cc :
 4000  2 When
r
Pcr  2319357.034 N kL
Pcr  2319.3570 kN 77.9221
 r 
Cc 111.5964
ANSWER: A. 2319.36 kN
  0.6982

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84. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum shear stress in
 1 2 the beam?
1  2   Fy
Fa    A. 21.31 MPa B. 23.11 MPa
5 3 1 C. 25.62 MPa D. 26.25 MPa
   3
3 8 8
 2 SOLUTION:
1  2  0.6982    317 
1

Fa    Maximum bending stress in the beam:

  0.6982    0.6982  wL2  25  9 
5 3 1 3 2

3 8 8 M   168.75 kN-m
12 12
Fa  127.1096 MPa
  d 419.6 
168.75  106   
 
Pa  A  Fa  9.3  103 127.1096   1000 fb 
Mc
I
 2
Ix  462.017  106
2 

Pa  1182.1191 kN
fb  76.6287 MPa
ANSWER: A. 1182.12 kN
ANSWER: D. 76.63 MPa
Critical buckling load in column AC if both ends are pin-connected
and sidesway is prevented: Average shear stress in the web:

 EI
2 wL  25  9 
Pcr  V R   112.5 kN
L2 2 2

Pcr 

2  200000  54.5  106   1000 fv  ave  
V

112.5  103
dt w  419.6 11.6 
1 6000 2 fv  ave   23.1131 MPa
Pcr  2988.2969 kN

ANSWER: D. 2988.30 kN ANSWER: B. 23.11 MPa

Maximum shear stress in the beam:

If beam AB is subjected to a uniformly distributed load of 28 kN/m,
maximum bending stress in beam AB if its properties are the same as b  t w  11.6 mm
in column AC: d t  d   d 2  tf 
Q  bf  t f    f    t w    t f   
2 2 2  2 
 419.6 19.3   419.6  419.6 2  19.3 
Q   261.5 19.3      11.6    19.3  
 2 2   2  2 
Q  1220630.493 mm3

fvh 
VQ

 
112.5  103 1220630.493 
Ib 
462.017  106 11.6  
fv  25.6225 MPa
By superposition (Theory of Structures): hmax 

PAC   w
ANSWER: C. 25.62 MPa
PACL3 wL4
 SITUATION XXIII. (CE MAY 2012)
3EI 8EI A steel beam 10 m long is fixed at both ends and carries a superimposed
PAC  8   28  8 
3 4
uniformly distributed load of 25 kN/m. The beam is W1846 whose relevant
 properties are given in the table.
3EI 8EI
PAC  84 kN Properties of W1846
Flange width, bf = 153.9 mm
 MB  0
Flange thickness, tf = 15.4 mm
8
MB  PAC  8   w  8     0 Overall depth, d = 458.7 mm
2 Web thickness, t w = 9.1 mm
MB  224 kN-m Beam weight = 68.5 kg/m
3

6 4
Mc Moment of inertia, I x = 296.35710 mm
fb 
I 85. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum bending stress

 
 200  in the beam?
224  10  6
 A. 165.56 MPa B. 161.23 MPa
fb   2 
C. 157.40 MPa D. 152.81 MPa
54.5  10 6
86. Which of the following most nearly gives the average shear stress in
fb  411.0092 MPa the web?
ANSWER: D. 411 MPa A. 30.75 MPa B. 33.58 MPa
C. 34.92 MPa D. 36.74 MPa
SITUATION XXII. (CE MAY 2011) 87. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum shear stress in
A steel beam 9 m long is fixed at both ends and carries a uniformly the beam?
distributed load of 25 kN/m. The beam is W1677 whose relevant A. 30.75 MPa B. 33.58 MPa
properties are in the table. C. 34.92 MPa D. 36.74 MPa
Pr opert ies of W 16  77
SOLUTION:
Flange Width, bf = 261.5 mm
Flange Thickness, tf = 19.3 mm w  25  68.5  9.81  1000  25.6720 kN/m
wL2 25.6720 10 
2
Overall Depth, d = 419.6 mm
M   213.9332 kN-m
Web Thickness, tw = 11.6 mm 12 12
6 4
Moment of Inertia, I x = 462.01710 mm
For fbmax:
82. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum bending stress
in the beam?
fbmax 
Mc


M 1 106
458.7
2

A. 72.14 MPa B. 73.66 MPa
I 296.357  106
C. 74.21 MPa D. 76.63 MPa
fbmax  165.5624 MPa
83. Which of the following most nearly gives the average shear stress in
the web?
ANSWER: A. 165.56 MPa
A. 21.31 MPa B. 23.11 MPa
C. 25.62 MPa D. 26.25 MPa

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CIVIL ENGINEER ING FOCUS REVIEW – PART I – 2019

For fvave:
z  22  32  13
wL
V  128.3599 kN
2 Reaction at A:
fvave 
V

128.3599  1000 3 14 
R A  RB 
dt w 458.7  9.1 2
fvave  30.7510 MPa R A  RB  21 kN

ANSWER: A. 30.75 MPa ANSWER: C. 21 kN

For fvmax: Stress in member DG:

wL ΣFVleft  0
V  128.3599 kN
2 3
R A  14  PDG  0
 213.95  13
Q  153.9 15.4  229.35  7.7    9.1 213.95   
 2  PDG  8.4130 kN
Q  733598.2404 mm 3
PDG 8.4130  1000
σDG  
VQ 128.3599  1000  733598.2404  ADG 1858
 
 
fvmax
Ib 296.357  106  9.1 σDG  4.5280 MPa

fvmax  34.9165 MPa ANSWER: B. 4.53 MPa

ANSWER: C. 34.92 MPa Allowable load in member DG:

SITUATION XXIV. (CE MAY 2013, CE NOV 2013) 


kL 1 13  1000
 152.7776

From the truss as shown in Figure TS-CTMS-300: s = 2 m; h = 3 m, P1 = r 23.6
22  200000 
P2 = P3 = 14 kN. Section of diagonal members: 2 angles 75 mm x 75 mm x
2
6 mm; area = 1858 mm ; rx = 23.6 mm. Use Fy = 250 MPa. Cc   125.6637
Section 505.3 of the National Structural Code of the Philippines gives the 250
allowable stress in compression as follows:
kL
On the gross section of axially loaded compression members, when When  Cc :
kL/r, the largest effective slenderness ratio of any unbraced segment, is r
less than Cc: 122  200000 
(1  0.52 )Fy Fa   44.1229 MPa
23 152.7776 
2
Fa 
5 3  3 8  3 8
Pa  AFa  1858  44.1229 
Where
kL r Pa  81980.3021 N  81.9803 kN

Cc
ANSWER: B. 482 kN

2 E2
SITUATION XXV.
Cc 
Fy A steel moment-resisting frame shown in Figure EQ-SMRF-010 having
different loads on each story is to be designed to have a base shear of
On the gross section of the axially loaded compression members, 3300 kN. (Hint: Use numerical coefficient for steel moment-resisting frame,
when kL/r exceeds Cc: Ct = 0.0853)
122E
Fa 
23(kL r)2

88. Which of the following most nearly gives the reaction at A?

A. 7 kN B. 14 kN
C. 21 kN D. 28 kN 91. Which of the following most nearly gives the period of vibration of the
89. Which of the following most nearly gives the stress in member DG? structure?
A. 8.41 MPa B. 4.53 MPa A. 0.6120 s B. 0.4860 s
C. 4.18 MPa D. 5.34 MPa C. 0.7141 s D. 0.5861 s
90. Which of the following most nearly gives the allowable load in 92. Which of the following most nearly gives the lateral force acting on the
member DG? roof deck?
A. 44 kN B. 82 kN A. 851.87 kN B. 812.87 kN
C. 153 kN D. 125 kN C. 1112.35 kN D. 522.90 kN
93. Which of the following most nearly gives the lateral force acting on the
SOLUTION: second floor?
A. 522.90 kN B. 812.87 kN
C. 851.87 kN D. 1112.35 kN
94. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment at the base?
A. 36608.33 kN-m B. 14481.79 kN-m
C. 24390.98 kN-m D. 38872.77 kN-m

SOLUTION:
Period of Vibration:
T  Ct hn 
3/ 4

Ct = 0.0853 for steel moment-resisting frame

hn = 5 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 17 m

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CIVIL ENGINEER ING FOCUS REVIEW – PART I – 2019

SITUATION XXVI. (CE JAN 2008)

T  0.0853 17 
3/ 4
A concrete mix has a ratio of 1:2:4 by mass. The properties of the materials
T  0.7141 s to be used are given in the table:
ANSWER: C. 0.7141 s Material Specific Gravity
Cement 3.33
Lateral Forces:
Sand 2.65
Gravel 2.67
Cement weighs 40 kg per bag. Use 24 liters of water per bag of cement.
95. Which of the following most nearly gives the volume of cement solids
per bag of cement?
3 3
A. 0.012 m B. 0.072 m
3 3
C. 0.035 m D. 0.090 m
96. Which of the following most nearly gives the required volume of
gravelly solids per bag of cement?
3 3
A. 0.030 m B. 0.010 m
3 3
C. 0.040 m D. 0.060 m
97. Which of the following most nearly gives the volume of concrete that
can be produced per bag of cement?
3 3
A. 0.114 m B. 0.096 m
3 3
C. 0.065 m D. 0.126 m

SOLUTION:
Column
Level hx (m) W x ( kN) W xhx (kN-m) Concrete mix: 1:2:4 by mass
Height
1F 5m 0 0 0 Consider 1 bag of cement:
2F 4m 5 2200 11000 cement  40 kg
3F 4m 9 1900 17100 sand  2  40   80 kg
4F 4m 13 1800 23400
gravel  4  40   160 kg
Roof 17 850 14450
 W x = 6750  W xhx- = 65950 Volume of cement solids:
m
When T > 0.7 s   sw 
V
Ft  0.07TV  0.25V
40
Ft  0.07  0.7141 3300   0.25  3300  3.33 1000  
Vscement
Ft  164.9672 kN  825 kN
Vscement  0.01201 m3
Lateral Force acting on the Roof Deck: 3
ANSWER: A. 0.012 m
Fn  Fx  Ft
FR  Fx(R)  Ft Volume of gravelly solids:
m
 Wxhx Roof   sw 
Fx(R)   V  Ft  V
  Wxhx  80
2.65 1000  
14450 Vssand
FR   3300  164.9672  164.9672
65950 Vssand  0.03019 m3
FR  686.9026  164.9672
FR  851.8698 kN Volume of gravelly solids:
m
ANSWER: A. 851.87 kN   sw 
V
Lateral Force acting on the Second Floor: 160
2.67 1000  
 Wxhx 2F Vsgravel
Fx  2F    V  Ft 
W h  x x Vsgravel  0.05993 m3
11000
F2F   3300  164.9672 ANSWER: D. 0.060 m
3
65950
F2F  522.9016 kN
Volume of concrete:
ANSWER: A. 522.90 kN Vconcrete  Vscement  Vssand  Vsgravel  Vwater
Vconcrete  0.01201  0.03019  0.05993  0.024
Moment at the Base:
Vconcrete  0.1261 m3
hx W xhx
Level Fx (kN) Fxhx (kN-m) 3
(m) (kN-m) ANSWER: D. 0.126 m
1F 0 0 0 0
2F 5 11000 522.9015 2614.5080 SITUATION XXVII. (CE MAY 2018)
The basic data for proportioning trial mixture for normal weight concrete
3F 9 17100 812.8743 7315.8687
with an average 28-day compressive strength of 24 MPa are given in the
4F 13 23400 1112.3543 14460.6060 following table:
686.9026 +
Roof 17 14450 14481.7865 Slump = 75 mm to 100 mm
164.9672
V =  Fx = 3300  Fxhx = 38872.7692 Water-cement ratio = 0.41
3
Quantity of water (wet mixing) = 200 kg/m
Mbase   Fxhx  38872.7692 kN-m 3
Volume of dry-rodded coarse aggregates = 0.64 m
3
ANSWER: D. 38872.77 kN-m Unit weight of concerete = 23.6 kN/m
3
Unit weight of coarse aggregate = 15.7 kN/m
Consider 1 cubic meter of concrete.
98. Which of the following most nearly gives the combined weight of
cement and water?
A. 1.96 kN B. 2.36 kN
C. 6.75 kN D. 4.79 kN

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99. Which of the following most nearly gives the weight of dry-rodded
coarse aggregates?
A. 15.10 kN B. 6.44 kN
C. 10.05 kN D. 8.68 kN
100. Which of the following most nearly gives the required weight of dry
sand?
A. 6.80 kN B. 10.41 kN
C. 8.76 kN D. 12.37 kN

SOLUTION:
For W water+cement:
3
Consider volume of 1 m :
Wwater  200  9.81 1  1000  1.962 kN

Water-Cement ratio:
Wwater
WCR 
Wcement
1.962
0.41 
Wcement
Wcement  4.7854 kN

Wwater  cement  Wwater  Wcement

Wwater  cement  6.7474 kN
ANSWER: C. 6.75 kN

For W aggregates:
Waggregates     V aggregates
Waggregates  15.7  0.64 
Waggregates  10.048 kN

ANSWER: C. 10.05 kN

For W sand:
Wconcrete  Wwater  Wcement  Waggregates  Wsand
23.6 1  1.962  4.7854  10.048  Wsand
Wsand  6.8046 kN

ANSWER: A. 6.80 kN

You were born to d o grea t th ings. Now is the

time to leap over the obstac les of fear,
procrastin ation and se lf -doubt.

Determine wha t you rea lly wan t ou t of life.

Write it down and read it over several times
daily. Ask yourself ~ “What am I willin g to
give up in order to ge t it? ”

To ach ieve a great life , you must be willin g to

make great sacrifice. Make up your mind to go
for it! You must want it a nd figh t for it like a
drowning man wan ts a ir!

You must tell yourse lf, “No matter h ow ha rd it

is, or h ow hard it gets, I ’m going to mak e it.”

Decide to crea te a n extraord inary life. Re fuse

to play sma ll or to g ive up. Do not follow the
crowd. Ch oose the road less traveled and
march toward your dream. Where there ’s a
will, there is a way. Because you have
something specia l. You have G R EA T N E S S
with in you !!!

- Les Brown

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