Hydraulic Design of Syphon Aqueduct

(1). Flood Discharge in Drain

Q = C.(A)3/4
C =
A = km2
Q = 0.000 cumec
Adopt Q = cumec

(2). Section of Drainage Channel

Assume Section of Barrel and its no.
Considering Allowable Velocity in Barrels to be = m/s
Area of Waterway in Barrel Required = #DIV/0!
No. of Units = Unit(s)
No. of Boxes = no(s)
Height of Barrel = m
Width of Barrel = m
Fillet Size = m
Assume Thick. Of Top & Bottom Slab = m
Assume Thick. Of Side Walls = m
Total Width of Barrel = 0.000 m
Total Height of Barrel = 0.000 m
Area of Waterway in Box = 0.000 m2 > #DIV/0! Hence OK
Perimeter (P) = 0.000 m
Actual Velocity in Barrel = #DIV/0! m/s
Hydraulic Mean Depth = #DIV/0! m
Value of n =
It Should be checked that flow is Sub-Critical in the Barrel, that is, Froude number (F) should be less than unity.
Now, F = V/ √(gd)
F = #DIV/0! Less than 1 hence, flow will be Sub-Critical.
Slope of Barrel:
V = #DIV/0! m/s
n = 0.000
R = #DIV/0! m
By using Manning's Formula,
V = 1/n x ( R )2/3 x ( S )1/2
S = #DIV/0!
Take S = 1 in

Calculation of Scour Depth:

Mean Scour Depth = R = 1.34 x (q 2/f)1/3
Assuming Width of Opening of Wing Wall = m
q = Discharge per meter width of effective linear waterway
q = #DIV/0! cumec/m
f = Silt Factor =
R = #DIV/0! m

Max Scour Depth = 1.27 R = #DIV/0! m

Width at Wing Wall opening = 0.000 m

Provide a splay of 2:1 in contraction and 3:1 in Expansion
Length of Contraction Transition = 0.000 m
Length of Expansion Transition = 0.000 m

(3). Canal Waterway

Calculation of Transiton length if Canal Section is Flumed
Width before fluming = m
Width after fluming = m
Providing a Splay of 2:1 in Contraction and 3:1 in Expansion
Length of Contraction Transition = 0.000 m
Length of Expansion Transition = 0.000 m
(4). Head Loss and Bed Levels at Different Sections:(Drainage Barrel)
At Section 4 - 4
Area of section = m2
Velocity = #DIV/0! m/s
Velocity Head = #DIV/0! m
R.L. of Bed (Given) = 0.000 m
R.L. of Water Surface = 0.000 m
R.L. of T.E.L. = #DIV/0! m

At Section 3 - 3
Water Depth at the entry and exit of the barrel should be kept slightly higher than barrel depth,
so as to keep the ends of the barrels submerged for proper syphoning.
Provide a Water Depth = m
Area of Section = 0.000 m2
Velocity = #DIV/0! m/s
Velocity Head = #DIV/0! m
Loss of Head in Expansion from 3 - 3 to 4 - 4 = #DIV/0! m
Hence, elevation of T.E.L. at section 3 - 3 = #DIV/0! m
R.L. of Water Surface = #DIV/0! m
R.L. of Bed = #DIV/0! m
From section 3 - 3 to 2 - 2, area and velocity are constant.

Head Loss through Barrels

By using Unwin's Formula = ( 1 + f1 + f2 x L / R ) V2/2g
f1 =
f2 =a(1+b/R) = #DIV/0!
For cement Plaster
a = 0.003
b = 0.030
 assume length of barrels = m
Head Loss = #DIV/0! m

At Section 2 - 2
R.L. of T.E.L. = T.E.L. at sec 3 - 3 + Head loss through Barrels
= #DIV/0! m
R.L. of Water Surface = #DIV/0! m
R.L. of Bed = #DIV/0! m

At Section1 - 1
Loss of Head in Contraction from 1 - 1 to 2 - 2 = #DIV/0! m
R.L. of T.E.L. = T.E.L. at sec 2 - 2 + Head loss in contraction transition
= #DIV/0! m
R.L. of Water Surface = #DIV/0! m
R.L. of Bed = #DIV/0! m

(5). Invert Level

Bed Level of Canal = 0.000 m
Provide 0.300 m thick C.C. Cushion over Slab
Invert level of the Barrel = -0.300 m
Invert Level at Entry and Exit of the Barrel shall be the same as the bed levels
already worked out at sec 2 - 2 and 3 - 3 respectively.
Thus, Invert level at Entry = #DIV/0! m
Invert level at Exit = #DIV/0! m

Calculating the Lengths of U/S, D/S and centre barrel to obtain a slope of ( ) on U/S
and ( ) on D/S
U/S Slope = 1 in
D/S Slope = 1 in
Length of U/S Barrel = m
Length of D/S Barrel = m
Length of Centre Barrel = m
(6). Check for Uplift Pressures on Barrel Floor:
(a) Static Uplift - At Bottom of barrel floor
Deepest invert level of barrel = -0.300 m
Bottom level of Barrel floor = -0.300 m
Assuming the sub-soil water level upto the bed level,
Max static head = 0.300 m

(b) Seepage Head

This will be max when canal is running full and drain is dry.
Total Seepage Head = 0.000 m

( C ) Residual Seepage Head at centre of barrel

Total creep length = m
Creep length upto Centre = m
Residual Seepage Head = #DIV/0! m

Total Uplift = #DIV/0! m

Downward Load = (wt. of linig + C.C. cushion + Barrel + Bottom Concrete + Water in barrel)
= m
Factor of Safety = #DIV/0! > 1.10 Hence Safe
Drain:
Catchment area = m2
Bed Level = m
Slope =
Value of H.F.L. observed = m
Depth of Flow = 0.000 m
Canal:
Dischargre = cumec
Bed Width = m
Full Supply Level = m
Full Supply Depth = m
Free Board = m
Bed Level = m
Top Bank level = m
Width of S.R. = m
Width of I.P. = m
Width of Dowel = m
Level of Max Earthfill = #DIV/0! m
Side Slope = 1 in
Thickness of Lining = m
Thickness of Bed for Barrels = m
Structural Analysis of Syphon Aqueduct
Box Under Canal Banks
(1). Condition - I : Barrel is Empty and Earth above is Saturated
Calculation of Loading
a) Load on Top Slab Member = Earth Load + Live Load + Self wt. of Slab
Earth Load
Unit wt. of Saturated Soil = T/m3
Max ht. of Earthfill will be at D/S pt. where S.R. begins.
Level of Max. Earthfill = #DIV/0! m
Height of Earthfill = #DIV/0! m
Earth Load = #DIV/0! T/m2

Live Load
Acc. To Class A loading, axle load of 11.4 T wheels 1.8m apart
Live Load on top slab member = 11.4x2/((2x3.202+1.2)x(2x3.202+1.8))
= 0.365 T/m2

Self Wt. of Top Slab

Unit wt of Concrete = 2.500 T/m3
Self wt of slab = 0.000 T/m2

Total load on Slab = #DIV/0! T/m2

b) Load on Bottom Slab Member = Load on Top Slab + wt. of Side Walls + wt. of Fillet + Self wt.
Wt. of Side Walls = T/m2
Wt. of Fillet = #DIV/0! T/m2
Self Wt. of Bottom Slab = 0.000 T/m2

Total Load on Bottom Slab = #DIV/0! T/m2

c) Pressure on Side Walls = Earth Pressure + Live Load
Active Earth Pressure acting at Top Slab Centre (P) = K a x w x H
Where,
Ka = Coeff. Of active earth pressure for vertical face = 0.333
w = Unit wt. of saturated earth = 1.800 T/m3
H = Height of Earthfill = #DIV/0! m
P = #DIV/0! T/m2

Active Earth Pressure acting at Bottom Slab Centre

P = #DIV/0! T/m2
Live Load on Side Walls = 0.365 T/m2

Pressure Acting at Top Slab Centre = #DIV/0! T/m2

Pressure Acting at Bottom Slab Centre = #DIV/0! T/m2

Calculations of Fixed End - Moments:

1) F.E.M. for Top Slab Member
Moment = w x l2 /12 = #DIV/0! T-m

2) F.E.M. for Bottom Slab Member

Moment = w x l2 /12 = #DIV/0! T-m

3) F.E.M. for Vertical Wall Member

Moment Due to Rectangular Load = w x l2 / 12 = #DIV/0! T-m
Triangular Load on Wall = #DIV/0! T/m2
Moment due to Combined effect of Rectangular and Triangular Load is,
Moment at Top of Wall = #DIV/0! T-m
Moment at Bottom of Wall = #DIV/0! T-m
F.E.M. in T-m for members are as follows:
MAB = MBA =
MBC = MCB =
MCD = MDC =
MDA = MAD =

Distribution Factors:
Joints Members Length Thickness D.F.

A AB #DIV/0!
AD #DIV/0!

B BC #DIV/0!
BA #DIV/0!

C CD #DIV/0!
CB #DIV/0!

D DA #DIV/0!
DC #DIV/0!
Moment Distribution for one Barrel:

Joint A B C D
Member AB AD BA BC CB CD DC DA
D.F.
F.E.M 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over

TOTAL
SAY
(2). Condition - II : Canal is Empty and Drainage running full
Calculation of Loading
a) Load on Top Slab Member = Earth Load + Live Load + Self wt. of Slab - Upward Thrust due to Water
Earth Load
Unit wt. of Saturated Soil
Height of Earthfill
Earth Load on Top Slab Member =
Live Load
Self wt. of Top Slab
b) Uplift Pressure on Top
D/S H.F.L. (given)
U/S H.F.L. (Calculated)
Loss of Head at Entry
Level of Effective Head at Entry =
R.L. of Bottom of Top Slab
Hence Uplift over Top
Total Load on Top Slab Member =
b)Load on Bottom Slab Member =
Pressure Due to Water inside
the Barrel
= 0.000 T/m3
= #DIV/0! m
#DIV/0! T/m2
= 0.365 T/m2
= 0.000 T/m2
= 0.000 m
= #DIV/0! m
= #DIV/0! m
#DIV/0! m
= -0.300 m
= #DIV/0! m
#DIV/0! T/m2
Load on top slab + wt. of Side walls + wt. of Fillet + self wt. - Uplift
= #DIV/0! T/m2
= 0.000 T/m2
c) Pressure on Side Walls = Earth Pressure + Live Load
Active Earth Pressure acting at Top Slab Centre (P) = K a x w x H
Where,
Ka = Coeff. Of active earth pressure for vertical face = 0.333
w = Unit wt. of saturated earth = 1.800 T/m3
H = Height of Earthfill = #DIV/0! m
P = #DIV/0! T/m2

Active Earth Pressure acting at Bottom Slab Centre

P = #DIV/0! T/m2

Live Load on Side Walls = 0.365 T/m2

Pressure Acting at Top Slab Centre = #DIV/0! T/m2

Pressure Acting at Bottom Slab Centre = #DIV/0! T/m2

Calculations of Fixed End - Moments:

1) F.E.M. for Top Slab Member
Moment = w x l2 /12 = #DIV/0!

2) F.E.M. for Bottom Slab Member

Moment = w x l2 /12 = #DIV/0!

3) F.E.M. for Vertical Wall Member

Moment Due to Rectangular Load = w x l2 / 12 = #DIV/0! T-m
Triangular Load on Wall = #DIV/0! T/m2
 Moment due to Combined effect of Rectangular and Triangular Load is,
Moment at Top of Wall = #DIV/0! T-m
Moment at Bottom of Wall = #DIV/0! T-m

F.E.M. in T-m for members are as follows:

MAB = MBA =
MBC = MCB =
MCD = MDC =
MDA = MAD =

Distribution Factors:
Joints Members Length Thickness D.F.

A AB #DIV/0!
AD #DIV/0!

B BC #DIV/0!
BA #DIV/0!

C CD #DIV/0!
CB #DIV/0!

D DA #DIV/0!
DC #DIV/0!
 Moment Distribution for one Barrel:

Joint A B C D
Member AB AD BA BC CB CD DC DA
D.F.
F.E.M. 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over

TOTAL
SAY
Maximum Moments for Design fom Condition - I and II

Joint A B C D
Member AD AB BA BC CB CD DC DA
Max Moment

Bending Moment Calculation For Box Under Embankment x = 0.000 l = 0.000

Member F.E.M. B.M. at Centre Net B.M. Sagging Moment F.E.M at End Net Moment at
(wxl /8)
2
at 'x' Point End Point
(w.x2/2) + (w.l.x/2) A = MFAB+(x/l)*Net F.E.M. (Sagg. Mmt.-F.E.M.)
B = MFBA+((l-x)/l)*Net F.E.M.
Top AB
Slab BA

D = MFDC+(x/l)*Net F.E.M.
C = MFCD+((l-x)/l)*Net F.E.M.
Bottom DC
Slab CD
Box Under Canal Bed

(1). Condition - I : Barrel is Empty, Canal is Running Full

Calculation of Loading
a) Load on Top Slab Member = Water Load + wt. of Lining + wt. of cushion+ Self wt. of Slab

Water Load = 0.000 T/m2

where, Unit wt. = 1.000 T/m2
Height of Water Column = 0.000 m

Load of Concrete Lining and Cushion

Unit wt. of concrete = 2.400 T/m3
Thk. Of Cushion = 0.300 m
Load of Cushion = 0.720 T/m2

Load of Concrete Lining = 0.000 T/m2

Unit wt of Concrete = 2.500 T/m2

Self wt of slab 0.000

Total load on Top Slab = 0.720 T/m2

b) Load on Bottom Slab Member = Load on Top Slab + wt. of Side Walls + wt. of Fillet + Self wt.
 Wt. of Side Walls = T/m2
Wt. of Fillet = T/m2
Self Wt. of Bottom Slab = 0.000 T/m2
Total Load on Bottom Slab = 0.720 T/m2

c) Pressure on Side Walls = Earth Pressure + Live Load

Active Earth Pressure acting at Top Slab Centre (P) = K a x w x H
Where,
Ka = Coeff. Of active earth pressure for vertical face = 0.333
w = Unit wt. of saturated earth = 1.800 T/m3
H = Height of Earthfill = 0.300 m
P = 0.180 T/m2

Active Earth Pressure acting at Bottom Slab Centre (P) = Ka x w x H

P = 0.180

Pressure Acting at Top Slab Centre = 0.180 T/m2

Pressure Acting at Bottom Slab Centre = 0.180 T/m2

Calculations of Fixed End - Moments:

1) F.E.M. for Top Slab Member
Moment = w x l2 /12 = 0.000 T-m

2) F.E.M. for Bottom Slab Member

Moment = w x l2 /12 = 0.000 T-m

3) F.E.M. for Vertical Wall Member

 Moment Due to Rectangular Load = w x l2 / 12 = 0.000 T-m
Triangular Load on Wall = 0.000 T/m2
Moment due to Combined effect of Rectangular and Triangular Load is,
Moment at Top of Wall = 0.000 T-m
Moment at Bottom of Wall = 0.000 T-m

F.E.M. in T-m for members are as follows:

MAB = MBA =
MBC = MCB =
MCD = MDC =
MDA = MAD =

Distribution Factors:
Joints Members Length Thickness D.F.

A AB #DIV/0!
AD #DIV/0!

B BC #DIV/0!
BA #DIV/0!

C CD #DIV/0!
CB #DIV/0!

D DA #DIV/0!
DC #DIV/0!
Moment Distribution for one Barrel:

Joint A B C D
Member AB AD BA BC CB CD DC DA
D.F.
F.E.M 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
 TOTAL
SAY

Condition - II: Canal is Empty and Drainage Running Full

a) Load on Top Slab Member = Wt. of Top Slab + wt. of cushion + wt of lining - Upward Thrust

C.C. Cushion Load

Unit wt. of C.C. Cushion = 2.400 T/m3
Ht. of Cushion = 0.300 m
Load = 0.720 T/m2

Concrete Lining Load = 0.000 T/m2

Uplift on Barrel Top = #DIV/0! T/m2

Self wt of Top Slab

Unit wt of Concrete = 2.500
Self wt. = 0.000 T/m2

Load on Top Slab = #DIV/0! T/m2

b) Load on Bottom Slab Member = Load on top slab + wt of side walls + wt. of Fillet + self wt
 Wt. of Side Walls = T/m2
Wt. of Fillet = T/m2
Self Wt. of Bottom Slab = 0.000 T/m2
Total Load on Bottom Slab = #DIV/0! T/m2

c) Pressure on Side Walls = Earth Pressure + Live Load

Active Earth Pressure acting at Top Slab Centre (P) = K a x w x H
Where,
Ka = Coeff. Of active earth pressure for vertical face = 0.333
w = Unit wt. of saturated earth = 1.800 T/m3
H = Height of Earthfill = 0.000 m
P = 0.000 T/m2

Active Earth Pressure acting at Bottom Slab Centre

P = 0.000 T/m2

Pressure due to Water insdie Barrel = 0.000 T/m2

Pressure Acting at Top Slab Centre = 0.000 T/m2

Pressure Acting at Bottom Slab Centre = 0.000 T/m2

Calculations of Fixed End - Moments:

1) F.E.M. for Top Slab Member
 Moment = w x l2 /12 = #DIV/0! T-m

2) F.E.M. for Bottom Slab Member

Moment = w x l2 /12 = #DIV/0! T-m

3) F.E.M. for Vertical Wall Member

Moment Due to Rectangular Load = w x l2 / 12 = 0.000 T-m
Triangular Load on Wall = 0.000 T/m2
Moment due to Combined effect of Rectangular and Triangular Load is,
Moment at Top of Wall = 0.000 T-m
Moment at Bottom of Wall = 0.000 T-m

F.E.M. in T-m for members are as follows:

MAB = MBA =
MBC = MCB =
MCD = MDC =
MDA = MAD =

Distribution Factors:
Joints Members Length Thickness D.F.

A AB #DIV/0!
AD #DIV/0!

B BC #DIV/0!
BA #DIV/0!

C CD #DIV/0!
CB #DIV/0!
 D DA #DIV/0!
DC #DIV/0!

Moment Distribution for one Barrel:

Joint A B C D
Member AB AD BA BC CB CD DC DA
D.F.
F.E.M 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over
Balance
Carry Over

TOTAL
SAY
STEEL CALCULATIONS FOR BOX UNDER CANAL BANKS