1. Bennett, A. & Royle, N. An Introduction to Literary Criticism. UK: Pearson
Education Limited (3rd edition, 2004). This book is designed for beginners in studying literature which offers various and clear features involved in literature and critical reading. The book is divided into twenty-four chapters including discussions about the beginning of literature, narrative, character, tragedy, creative writing, history, sexual differences, ideology, and the postmodern. Each chapter concludes with some suggestion for further reading and a glossary for critical and theoretical terms is also provided. 2. Raman, S., Widdowson, P., & Brooker, P. A Reader’s Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory. UK: Pearson Education Limited (5th edition, 2005). This reader’s guide to contemporary literary theory comprises chapters beginning with the New Criticism, moral formalism, and F.R. Leavis, followed by the Russian Formalism and Bakhtin School. The succeeding chapters discusses reader- oriented theories, structuralist theories, Marxist, theories feminist theories, poststructuralist theories, postmodernist theories, and Gay-lesbian and queer theories. Lastly, the book concludes with Post-Theory, references, and suggested readings. 3. Eagleton, T. Literary Theory: An Introduction. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press (3rd edition, 1996). This book is an attempt of Terry Eagleton to make modern literary theory intelligible to readers who have little or no previous knowledge of the topics. The book starts with an introduction of what literature is, followed by the rise of English, Phenomenology, Hermeneutics, Reception theory, Structuralism and Semiotics, Post-structuralism, Psychoanalysis, and ends with Political Criticism. 4. Richter, D.H. A Companion to Literary Theory. UK: John Wiley and Sons Ltd (1st edition, 2018). A Companion to Literary Theory features 36 essays by noted scholars in literature. Each chapter of the book covers topics as: Anglo-American New Criticism; Chicago Formalism; Russian Formalism; Derrida and Deconstruction; Empathy/Affect Studies; Foucault and Poststructuralism; Marx and Marxist Literary Theory; Postcolonial Studies; Ethnic Studies; Gender Theory; Freudian Psychoanalytic Criticism; Cognitive Literary Theory; Evolutionary Literary Theory; Cybernetics and Posthumanism and further related subjects. 5. Green, K. & LeBihan, J. Critical Theory and Practice: A Coursebook. UK: Tayler and Francis e-library (2001). This book is an updated and clear introduction to literary theory. Each chapter contains guided commentary, examples of literary and critical works, key issues and debates, glossary and annotated selection of suggested further readings, and variety of exercises to stimulate and engage readers with the theory and apply it in practice. 6. Guerin, W., Labor, E., Morgan, L., Reesman, J., & Willingham, J. A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. New York: Oxford University Press (5th edition, 2005). This handbook is organized by approaches rather than the genre. Getting started with elements of a short story, the book later on discusses Historical and Biographical Approaches, Moral and Philosophical Approaches, Formalist Approach, the Psychosocial Approach, Mythological and Archtypal Approaches, Feminism and Gender Studies, Cultural Studies, Reader-Response Criticism, Dialogics, Structuralism and Poststructuralism including Deconstruction. There are also suggested classical short stories and novels in each approach. 7. Habib, M.A.R. A History of Literary Criticism: From Plato to the Present. UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd (2005). This book contains criticisms from Ancient Greek to the Twentieth Century. Beginning with Plato and Aristotle, Habib also discusses in the succeeding chapters the most important and influential texts and figures on the Tradition of Rhetoric, Greek and Latin Criticism during the Roman empire, the Medieval Era, Neoclassical Criticism, Romanticism in 19th Century, theories in the late Nineteenth Century (Realism, Naturalism, Marxism, and Heterological Thinkers) and Twentieth Century theories (Psychoanalytic Criticism, Formalism, Structuralism, Deconstruction, Feminist Criticism, New Historicism, Post-colonial Criticism, and Reader-Response Theory). 8. Propp, V. Morphology of the Folktale. USA: University of Texas Press (2009). Morphology of the Folktale comprises V. Propp’s structure of the myth, distribution of tales according to categories, distribution of theme, categories of myth according to Aarne, Propp’s description of tales as well as the functions of the dramatis personae. 9. Abrahams, M.H. A Glossary of Literary Terms. USA: Earl McPeek (7th edition, 1999). This book is a compilation of definitions of more than one-hundred critical terms, theories, and point of view that are commonly used in interpreting, analyzing, classifying literary works. The literary terms are arranged alphabetically and each term is well-defined in a succinct essay that is comprehensible and useful to the readers. 10. Culler, J. Literary Theory: A very Short Introduction. New York: University of Oxford Press (1997). In this book, J. Culler introduces literary theory by discussing shared questions and claims on each theory rather than surveying theoretical schools. This book is focused on important issues and debates about literature and cultural studies, Rhetorics, Poetics, Poetry, Narrative, and Performative language. It also offers brief sketches of critical schools or movements which can be found in the Appendix.