DIGITAL ASSIGNMENT 1

B1 + TB1
STATISTICS FOR ENGINEERS(MAT-2001)
PROF. KALAIVANI K

PREPARED BY:
SAMYAK JAIN – 18BCE0083
EYASU WOLDE –18BBT0279
ANUPAMA GAUTAM – 18BCB0219
1)

Let [X, Y] be uniformly distributed over the

semicircle in the following diagram.

Thus f(x, y)=2/π , if [x, y] is in the semicircle

(a) Find the marginal distributions of X and Y

(b) Find the conditional probability distributions.

(c) Find the conditional expectations.

SOL:
f(x, y)=2/π

(a)
[1−𝑥 2 ]1/2 2 2
f(x) = ∫0 𝑑𝑦 = [1 − 𝑥 2 ]1/2
𝜋 𝜋

[1−𝑦 2 ]1/2 2 4
f(y) = ∫−[1−𝑦2]1/2 𝑑𝑥 = [1 − 𝑦 2 ]1/2
𝜋 𝜋
(b)
f(x,y) 2 1 1
P(x/y) = = ×4 = [1 − 𝑦 2 ]−1/2
𝑓(𝑦) 𝜋 [1−𝑦 2 ]1/2 2
𝜋

f(x,y) 2 1
P(y/x) = = ×2 = [1 − 𝑥 2 ]−1/2
𝑓(𝑥) 𝜋 [1−𝑥 2 ]1/2
𝜋

(c)
1 1 2 2 1
E(x) = ∫−1 𝑥𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫−1 𝑥 × [1 − 𝑥 2 ]1/2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫−1 𝑥 × [1 − 𝑥 2 ]1/2 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
3
−2
= [(1 − 𝑥 2 )2 ]1−1
3𝜋

= 0
1 1 4 4 1
E(y) = ∫0 𝑦𝑓(𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = ∫0 𝑦 × [1 − 𝑦 2 ]1/2 𝑑𝑦 = ∫0 𝑦 × [1 − 𝑦 2 ]1/2 𝑑𝑦
𝜋 𝜋
3
−4
= [(1 − 𝑦 2 )2 ]10
3𝜋

4
=
3𝜋
2)

Define Percentiles and Quartiles.

Explain with examples.

Based on the definition of median, that it’s the middle point in the axis of
frequency distribution curve dividing the area under the curve for two areas,
having the same area in the left and in the right, we can define Quartile as:- the
area under the curve being divided into 4 equal parts and we can define
Percentile as dividing the area into hundred equal pieces/parts.

Graphically representing it as:-

Fig A: - Quartile division

The same procedure for division is done for finding percentiles for any frequency
distributed curve i.e.
Some rules to follow:-

A) Arrangement the data in ascending form only.

B) If numbering arrangement of quartiles, deciles, and percentiles is fraction
then its value is for the number greater than it, if true number the value is
the mean of its and the greater numbers.

EXAMPLES:-
Example for discrete case:-

Example:

Find the deciles D1, D5, and D8 of the following data 20, 30, 25, 23, 22, 32, 36

Solution: Arrange data in ascending form, and n = 7 odd number

20 22 23 25 30 32 36

Ascending arrangement

d1 = (1/10) x n = (1/10) x 7 = 0.7 d1 = 1 D1 = 20 d5 = (5/10) x n = (5/10) x 7 = 3.5

d5 = 4 D5 = 25 d8 = (8/10) x n = (8/10) x 7 = 5.6 d8 = 6 D8 = 32

Example:

Find the deciles D1, D5, and D8 of the following data 20, 30, 25, 23, 22, 32, 36, 18

Solution: Arrange data in ascending form, and n = 8 even number

18 20 22 23 25 30 32 36 Ascending arrangement

d1 = (1/10) x n = (1/10) x 8 = 0.8 d1 = 1 D1 = 18

d5 = (5/10) x n = (5/10) x 8 = 4 d5 = mean of (4), and (5) D5 = (23+25)x(1/2) = 24

d8 = (8/10) x n = (8/10) x 8 = 6.4 d8 = 7 D8 = 32

One thing to note down is :- median=Q2=D5=P50

3)

For the bivariate distribution,

𝒌
f(x,y) = ; x ≥ 0 , y≥ 0 , n > 2
(𝟏+𝒙+𝒚)𝒏

=0 ; otherwise

(a) Evaluate the constant k

(b) Find F (x, y).

SOL:
𝑘
f(x,y) = ; x ≥ 0 , y≥ 0 , n > 2
(1+𝑥+𝑦)𝑛

(a)
∞ ∞
P(x,y) = 𝑘 ∫0 ∫0 (1 + 𝑥 + 𝑦)−𝑛 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 1

∞ (1+𝑥+𝑦)−𝑛+1 ∞
= 𝑘 ∫0 [ ]0 𝑑𝑦 =1
−𝑛+1

∞ (1+𝑦)−𝑛+1
= 𝑘 ∫0 − 𝑑𝑦 = 1
−𝑛+1
∞
𝑘 (1+𝑦)−𝑛+2
= − [ ] =1
−𝑛+1 −𝑛+2 0

𝑘
= − (−𝑛+1)(−𝑛+2) [0 − 1] = 1

𝑘
= =1
(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2)

𝑘 = (𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2) ; where n > 2

(b)
𝑦 𝑥
F(x,y) = 𝑘 ∫0 ∫0 (1 + 𝑥 + 𝑦)−𝑛 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦

𝑦 (1+𝑥+𝑦)−𝑛+1 𝑥
= (𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2) ∫0 [ ]0 𝑑𝑦
−𝑛+1

𝑦 (1+𝑥+𝑦)−𝑛+1 (1+𝑦)−𝑛+1
= (𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2) ∫0 ( − )𝑑𝑦
−𝑛+1 −𝑛+1
𝑦
1 (1+𝑥+𝑦)−𝑛+2 (1+𝑦)−𝑛+2
= (𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2) × [ − ]
−𝑛+1 −𝑛+2 −𝑛+2 0

(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2)
= [(1 + 𝑥 + 𝑦)−𝑛+2 − (1 + 𝑦)−𝑛+2 − (1 + 𝑥)−𝑛+2 + 1]
(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2)

= (1 + 𝑥 + 𝑦)−𝑛+2 − (1 + 𝑦)−𝑛+2 − (1 + 𝑥)−𝑛+2 + 1