Gate 2019 Physics

fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

GATE PHYSICS (PH) -2019
This question paper consists of 2 sections, General Aptitude (GA) section for 15 marks and the
subject specific section (PHYSICS) for 85 marks. Both these sections are compulsory.
There will be a total of 65 questions carrying 100 marks.
The GA section consists of 10 questions. Question numbers 1 to 5 are of 1 mark each, while
question numbers 6 to 10 are of 2 marks each.
The subject specific PH section consists of 55 questions, out of which question numbers 1 to 25
are of 1 mark each, while question numbers 26 to 55 are of 2 marks each.
Use the data given in the question while answering that question. If such data are not given, and
the paper has useful data, then the same can be viewed by clicking on the Useful Data button that
appears at the top, right-hand side of the screen.
The question paper consists of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) and Numerical Answer Type
(NAT).
(a) Multiple choice type questions have four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of which only ONE
is the correct answer.
(b) For Numerical answer type questions, a numerical answer should be entered.
All those questions that are not attempted will carry zero marks. However, wrong answers for
multiple choice type questions (MCQ) will carry NEGATIVE marks. For multiple choice type
questions, a wrong answering will lead to deduction of 1/3 marks for a 1-mark question and 2/3
marks for a 2-mark question. There is no negative marking for NAT questions.
Only Virtual Scientific Calculator is allowed. Charts, graph sheets, tables, cellular phone or other
electronic gadgets are NOT allowed in the examination hall.
H.No. 40-D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
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SECTION: GENERAL APTITUDE
Q1. – Q5. carry one mark each.
Q1. “When she fell down the _________, she received many _______ but little help”.
The words that best fill the blanks in the above sentence are
(a) stairs, stares (b) stairs, stairs
(c) stares, stairs (d) stares, stares
Ans. : (a)
Solution: stairs means steps while stares means to look someone continuously.
Q2. “In spite of being warned repeatedly, he failed to correct his__________ behaviour”
The word that best fills the blank in the above sentence is
(a) rational (b) reasonable (c) errant (d) good
Ans. : (c)
Solution: The most suitable option is errant as errant means irregular.
Q3. For 0  x  2 , sin x and cos x are both decreasing functions in the interval________
     3   3 
(a)  0,  (b)  ,   (c)   ,  (d)  , 2 
 2 2   2   2 
Ans. : (b)
Solution: Graph of sin x and cos x is shown in the figure below
sin x cos x
3 / 2  /2 x
0  /2  2 x 0 3 / 2 2 
 
From the graph we see that sin x and cos x are both decreasing function in the interval  ,  
2 
Q4. The area of an equivalent triangle is 3 . What is the perimeter of the triangle?
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
Ans. : (c)
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3 2
Solution: Let the side of equilateral triangle  a , then the area  a
4
3 2
or a  3 or a 2  4 or a  2
4
Hence, the perimeter of the equilateral triangle  3a  3  2  6
Q5. Arrange the following three-dimensional objects in the descending order of their volumes:
(i) A cuboid with dimensions 10 cm, 8 cm and 6 cm
(ii) A cube of side 8 cm
(iii) A cylinder with base radius 7 cm and height 7 cm
(iv) A sphere of radius 7 cm
(a) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) (b) (ii), (i), (iv), (iii)
(c) (iii), (ii), (i), (iv) (d) (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
Ans. : (d)
Solution: The value of cuboid  10cm  8cm  6cm  480cm3
The volume of cube  8cm  8cm  8cm  512cm3
22
The volume of cylinder   r 2 h   7  7  7cm3  1078cm3
7
4 4 22
The value of sphere   r 3    7  7  7  1437.3cm3
3 3 7
Hence the descending orders of volume will be 1437.3cm3 , 1078cm3 ,512cm3 and 480cm3
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Q6. – Q10. carry two marks each.
Q6. An automobile travels from city A to city B and returns to city A by the same route. The speed of
the vehicle during the onward and return journeys were constant at 60 km / h and 90 km / h ,
respectively. What is the average speed in km / h for the entire journey?
(a) 72 (b) 73 (c) 74 (d) 75
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Let the distance between A and B is xkm. Then
Total distance 2 xkm 360
Average speed    2x  km / h  72km / h
Total time  x x  10 x
   hour
 60 90 
Q7. A set of 4 parallel lines intersect with another set of 5 parallel lines. How many parallelograms
are formed?
(a) 20 (b) 48 (c) 60 (d) 72
Ans. (c)
Solution: Any two lines in one direction and any two parallel line in the other direction can form a
parallelograms.
So, number of parallelogram formed
5! 4! 4  5 3 4
 5C2  4C2      10  6  60
2!3! 2!2! 2 2
Q8. To pass a test, a candidate needs to answer at least 2 out of 3 questions correctly. A total of
6,30,000 candidates appeared for the test. Question A was correctly answered by 3,30,000
candidates. Question B was answered correctly by 2,50,000 candidates. Question C was
answered correctly by 2,60,000 candidates. Both questions A and B were answered correctly by
1,00,000 candidates. Both questions B and C were answered correctly by 90,000 candidates.
Both questions were A and C were answered correctly by 80,000 candidates. If the number of
students answering all questions correctly is the same as the number answering none, how many
candidates failed to clear the test?
(a) 30,000 (b) 2,70,000 (c) 3,90,000 (d) 4,20,000
Ans. (d)
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Solution: Let n  0  denote the number of students answering none of the questions and n  3 be the
number of students answering all questions, then

n  A  B  C   n  0   n  A   n  B   n  C   n  A  B   n  B  C   n  A  C   n  3
6,30, 000  n  0   3,30, 000  2,50, 000  2, 60, 000  1, 00, 000  90, 000  80, 000  n  3
 6,30, 000  n  0   5, 70, 000  n  3
Since, n  0   n  3 . Hence, 2n  0   60, 000  n  0   30, 000
Using this fact and the information given, one fill the Venn-diagram.
A
B
1, 80, 000
70, 000
90, 000
30, 000
50, 000
60, 000
1, 20, 000
C
It is obvious that the number of failed students will be, the sum of number the students who only
passed in one subject and the number of student answering none of the question. Hence, the
number of students failed to clear the test
 1,80, 000  1, 20, 000  90, 000  30, 000  4, 20, 000
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Q9. If x 2  x  1  0 , what is the value of x 4  ?
x4
(a) 1 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 9
Ans. : (c)
1 1
Solution: Given that x 2  x  1  0  x 1  x   1  1  x   x   1 ,
x x
1 1
x2  2
 3  x4  4  9  2  7
x x
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Q10. In a detailed study of annual crow births in India, it
was found that there was relatively no growth during the
Annual sale of crackers in India
Annual crow births in India

period 2002 to 2004 and a sudden spike from 2004 to 2005. In
another unrelated study, it was found that the revenue from
cracker sales in India which remained fairly flat from 2002 to
2004, saw a sudden spike in 2005 before declining again in
2006. The solid line in the graph below refers to annual sale of
crackers and the dashed line refers to the annual crow births in
India. Choose the most appropriate inference from the above
2001 2003 2005 2007
data.
(a) There is a strong correlation between crow birth and cracker sales
(b) Cracker usage increases crow birth rate
(c) If cracker sale declines, crow birth will decline
(d) Increased birth rate of crows will cause an increase in the sale of crackers
Ans.: (a)
Solution: The growth pattern of crows and the growth in annual sales of fire crackers in nearly the same.
The two graphs are almost parallel to each other. Hence there is strong correlation between crow
birth and crackers sales.
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SECTION: PHYSICS
Q1 – Q25 carry one mark each.
Q1. The relative magnetic permeability of a type-I super conductor is
1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d)
4
Ans.: (a)
Solution: B  0  H  M   0  H   H   0 1    H   H

   0 1     r   1 
0
For type-I superconductor:   1
 r  1  1  0
Q2. Considering baryon number and lepton number conservation laws, which of the following
process is/are allowed?
(i) p   0  e   ve
(ii) e   ve     v
(a) both (i) and (ii) (b) only (i) (c) only (ii) (d) neither (i) nor (ii)
Ans. : (c)
Solution: (i) P   0  e  e
B : 1 0 0 0 : Not conserved
Therefore, this is not an allowed process
(ii) e  e    
q: 1 0 1 0 : conserved
spin : 1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2 : conserved
Le : 1 1 0 0 : conserved
L : 0 0 1 1 : conserved
Since neutrino is involve, therefore parity is violated. This is allowed through weak interaction
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Q3. For the following circuit, what is the magnitude of Vout if Vin  1.5V ?
100 R
R 15V
Vin 
Vout

15V
(a) 0.015V (b) 0.15V (c) 15V (d) 150 V

Ans. : (c)
100 R
Solution: Vout   1.5  150 V  V0  15V
R
d2y y
Q4. For the differential equation 2
 n  n  1 2  0 , where n is a constant, the product of its two
dx x
independent solutions is
1 1
(a) (b) x (c) x n (d)
x x n 1
Ans. : (b)
Solution: This is a Euler-Cauchy by differential equation whose characteristic equation is
m 2  m  n  n  1  0
1  1  4n  n  1 1  2n  1 1   2n  1
2
Therefore, m  or m  
2 2 2
or m  1  n , or m   n
Therefore two independent solution are y1  x1 n and y2  x  n
Therefore, y1 y2  x1 n  n  x
Q5. Consider a one-dimensional gas of N non-interacting particles of mass m with the Hamiltonian
for a single particle given by
p2 1
H  m 2  x 2  2 x 
2m 2
The high temperature specific heat in units of R  Nk B ( k B is the Boltzmann constant) is
(a) 1 (b) 1.5 (c) 2 (d) 2.5
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Ans. : (c)
p2 1 1 NkT NkT
Solution: H   m 2 x 2  m 2 2 x    U0
2m 2 2 2 2
H  NkT
H
CV   NkT
T

Q6. An electric field E  E0 zˆ is applied to a Hydrogen atom in n  2 excited state. Ignoring spin the
n  2 state is fourfold degenerate, which in the l , m basis are given by 0, 0 , 1,1 , 1, 0 and
1, 1 . If H  is the interaction Hamiltonian corresponding to the applied electric field, which of
the following matrix elements is nonzero?

(a) 0, 0 H  0, 0 (b) 0, 0 H  1,1
(c) 0, 0 H  1, 0 (d) 0, 0 H  1, 1
Ans. : (c)
Q7. A large number N of ideal bosons, each of mass m , are trapped in a three-dimensional potential
m 2 r 2
V r   . The bosonic system is kept at temperature T which is much lower than the
2
Bose-Einstein condensation temperature TC . The chemical potential    satisfies
3 3
(a)    (b) 2    
2 2
(c) 3    2 (d)   3
Ans. : (a)
Q8. During a rotation, vectors along the axis of rotation remain unchanged. For the rotation matrix
0 1 0
 
 0 0 1 , the unit vector along the axis of rotation is
 1 0 0 
 
(a)
3

1 ˆ ˆ
2i  j  2kˆ  (b)
3

1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
i  jk 
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(c)
3

1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
i  jk  (d)
1 ˆ
3

2i  2 ˆj  kˆ 
Ans. : (b)
Solution: Since the vector along the axis of rotation remain unchanged during rotation then
Ax  x …. (i)
0 1 0
 
When A   0 0 1
 1 0 0 
 
Equation (i) is a standard eigenvalue-eigenvector relation for   1 . Equation (i) can be written
 0 1 0   x1   x1 
    
 0 0 1  x2    x2 
 1 0 0   x   x 
  3   3 
or x2  x1 …. (ii)
or x2   x3 …. (iii)
or x1   x3 …. (iv)
Using these relations we see that the general eigenvector is
 k 
General eigenvector   k 
 k 
 
Therefore a unit eigenvector along the axis of rotation is
Unit eigenvector 
3

1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
i  jk 
1
Q9. For a spin particle, let  and  denote its spin up and spin down states, respectively. If
2
a 
1
2

     and b 
1

2
     are composite states of two such
particles, which of the following statements is true for their total spin S ?
(a) S  1 for a and b is not an eigenstate of the operator Ŝ 2
(b) a is not an eigenstate of the operator Ŝ 2 and S  0 for b
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(c) S  0 for a , and S  1 for b
(d) S  1 for a , and S  0 for b
Ans. : (d)
Solution: S  1 is triplet a , and S  0 for singlet for b
Q10. Consider a transformation from one set of generalized coordinate and momentum ( q, p ) to
another set ( Q, P ) denoted by,
Q  pq s ; P  qr
where s and r are constants. The transformation is canonical if
(a) s  0 and r  1 (b) s  2 and r  1
(c) s  0 and r  1 (d) s  2 and r  1
Ans. : (b)
Q P Q P
Solution: .  .  1  0  q s rq r 1  1
q p p q
 rq r  s 1  1  s  2 and r  1
Q11. In order to estimate the specific heat of phonons, the appropriate method to apply would be
(a) Einstein model for acoustic phonons and Debye model for optical phonons
(b) Einstein model for optical phonons and Debye model for acoustic phonons
(c) Einstein model for both optical and acoustic phonons
(d) Debye model for both optical and acoustic phonons
Ans.: (b)
Solution: At low temperature, the optical branch phonons have energies higher than k B T and therefore,
optical branch waves are not excited. And Debye model is not suitable for optical branch instead
it is suitable for acoustical branch. Whereas Einstein model is useful for high temperature and
therefore can be applied to optical branch.
Q12. The pole of the function f  z   cot z at z  0 is
(a) a removablesingularity (b) an essential singularity

(c) a simple pole (d) a second order pole
Ans. : (c)
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Solution: f  z   cot z at z  0
1 1 1 2 
f  z  z  0 is a simple pole f  z   1  z  ....
tan z z 3 
Q13. A massive particle X in free space decays spontaneously into two photons. Which of the
following statements is true for X ?
(a) X is charged
(b) Spin of X must be greater than or equal to 2
(c) X is a boson
(d) X must be a baryon
Ans.: (c)
Solution: X  rr
q: 0 0 0
spin : 0,1, 2 1 1
Thus spin of X can be either 0,1 or 2 . (integer)
Therefore, option (b) is wrong while option (c) is correct.

Q14. The electric field of an electromagnetic wave is given by E  3sin  kz   t  xˆ  4 cos  kz  t  yˆ .
The wave is
4
(a) linearly polarized at an angle tan 1   from the x - axis
3
3
(b) linearly polarized at an angle tan 1   from the x - axis
4
(c) elliptically polarized in clockwise direction when seen travelling towards the observer
(d) elliptically polarized in counter-clockwise direction when seen travelling towards the
observer
Ans. : (d)
y
Solution: At z  0, Ex  3sin t , E y  4 cos t
At t  0, Ex  0, E y  4
x

At  t  , Ex  3, E y  0
2
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40
Q15. The nuclear spin and parity of 20 Ca in its ground state is
(a) 0 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 1

Ans.: (a)
Solution: 40
20 Ca is an even-even nuclei, therefore I  0, P   ve
 Spin-parity  0
Q16. An infinitely long thin cylindrical shell has its axis coinciding with the z -axis. It carries a
surface charge density  0 cos  , where  is the polar angle and  0 is a constant. The magnitude
of the electric field inside the cylinder is
0 0 0
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
2 0 3 0 4 0
Ans. : (b)
Solution: dE 
d  cos   Rd    0 cos  d
 0
2 0 R 2 0 R 2 0
2
0 0
Along axis of cylinder dEx  dE cos   Ex   cos  d 
2
2 0 0
2 0
Q17. Consider a three-dimensional crystal of N inert gas atoms. The total energy is given by
   12   
6
U  R   2 N   p    q    , where p  12.13, q  14.45 and R is the nearest neighbour

  R   R  
distance between two atoms. The two constants,  and R , have the dimensions of energy and
length, respectively. The equilibrium separation between two nearest neighbour atoms in units of
 (rounded off to two decimal places) is____________
Ans.: 1.09
   12   
6
Solution: U  R   2 N   p    q   
  R   R  
dU      
11
      
5
 0  2 N  12 p     2   6q     2    0
dR  R  R   R   R  
 12 6  12 6 12 p 6
 12 p 13
 6q 7
 0  12 p 13
 6q 7
 R6  
R R R R 6q
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1/ 6
 2p 
 R   given p  12.13 , q  14.45
 q 
 2 12.13 
1/ 6
R      1.679    1.09 
1/ 6
 14.45 
R
Thus  1.09

Q18. The energy-wavevector  E  k  dispersion relation for a particle in two dimensions is E  Ck ,
where C is a constant. If its density of states D  E  is proportional to E p then the value of p
is____________
Ans.: 1
d 
 1
Solution: For E  k   k s . The density of states in d - dimension is D  E   E  s 
Given, E  Ck  s  1, d  2
2 
 1
Thus D  E   E  1 
 E1
Q19. A circular loop made of a thin wire has radius 2 cm and resistance 2  . It is placed

perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field of magnitude B0  0.01 Tesla. At time t  0 the field
 
starts decaying as B  B0 e  t / t0 , where t0  1s . The total charge that passes through a cross section
of the wire during the decay is Q . The value of Q in  C (rounded off to two decimal places)
is____________
Ans. : 6.28
d AdB  d 1
Solution:     , I  
dt dt R dt R
d

dt
  r 2
d
dt
 
B0 e  t / t0   r 2 B0 e t  t0  1

 
 r2  r 2 B0 e t
Q   I  t  dt    3.14   2  102   0.01  6.28C
t 2
B0 e dt 
0 0
R R 1 0
Q20. The electric field of an electromagnetic wave in vacuum is given by
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
 
E  E0 cos 3 y  4 z  1.5 109 t xˆ
The wave is reflected from the z  0 surface. If the pressure exerted on the surface is   E02 ,
the value of  (rounded off to one decimal place) is___________

Ans. : 0.8
 K 3
Solution: K  3 yˆ  4 zˆ  tan  R  y 
Kz 4
I 2 1 4
P  2 cos  R   0 cE02   P  0.80 E02
c c 2 5
Q21. The Hamiltonian for a quantum harmonic oscillator of mass m in three dimensions is
p2 1
H  m 2 r 2
2m 2
where  is the angular frequency. The expectation value of r 2 in the first excited state of the

oscillator in units of (rounded off to one decimal place) is__________
m
Ans. : 2.5
 
Solution: r 2  x 2  y 2  z 2 
2m 
 
 2nx  1  2n y  1   2nz  1
For first excited state nx  1, n y  0, nz  0
Hence it is triply degenerate one can take

nx  0, n y  1, nz  0 or nx  0, n y  0, nz  1
5  
putting any one combination, expectation value of r 2   2.5
2 m m
p2
Q22. The Hamiltonian for a particle of mass m is H   kqt where q and p are the generalized
2m
coordinate and momentum, respectively, t is time and k is a constant. For the initial condition,
q  0 and p  0 at t  0, q  t   t  . The value of  is ________
Ans. : 3
H p
Solution:  q  ....(1)
p m
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H kt 2
  p  kt  p   ….(2)
q 2
dq kt 2 kt 3
 q  q  t3 so   3
dt 2 6
Q23. At temperature T Kelvin  K  , the value of the Fermi function at an energy 0.5eV above the
Fermi energy is 0.01 . Then T , to the nearest integer, is __________

( k B  8.62 105 eV / K )
Ans. : 1262
1 1
Solution: F  E    e
E  EF  / k BT
1 
e  E  EF  / k B T
1 F E
  E  EF  / k BT 1 F E  EF  1 F  E  EF
e    ln   T 
F k BT  F   1 F 
k B ln  
 F 
0.5 0.5 0.5 105
 T    1262.3 K
 0.99  8.62  ln  99  8.62  4.595
8.62 105 ln  
 0.01 
1  0
Q24. Let  1    ,  2    represent two possible states of a two-level quantum system. The
0 1 
state obtained by the incoherent superposition of  1 and  2 is given by a density matrix that
is defined as   c1  1  1  c2  2  2 . If c1  0.4 and c2  0.6 , the matrix element  22
(rounded off to one decimal place) is __________

Ans. : 0.6
Solution:  2,2   2   2    c1  2  1  1  2  c2  2  2  2  2
 c2  0.6
Q25. A conventional type-I superconductor has a critical temperature of 4.7 K at zero magnetic field
and a critical magnetic field of 0.3 Tesla at 0 K . The critical field in Tesla at 2 K (rounded off
to three decimal places) is__________
Ans.: 0.246
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 T   2
  2   2
Solution: H c T   H 0 1      0.3 1      0.3 1   0.426  

2
  Tc     4.7  
 0.3 1  0.181  0.3  0.819  0.246 Atm
Q26 – Q55 carry two marks each.

Q26. Consider the following Boolean expression:
 A  B   A  B  C   A  B  C 
It can be represented by a single three-input logic gate. Identify the gate
(a) AND (b) OR (c) XOR (d) NAND
Ans. : (d)
Solution: Y   A  B   A  B  C    A  B  C 
 
  A  B   A   B  C    AB  AC
 
  A  B   A  BC   AB  AC
 A  ABC  AB  BC  AB  AC
 A  ABC  BC  AB  AB  AC
 A  BC  B  AC  A  B  AC

Y   A  AC   B  A  AC  B  A  C  B 
 Y  ABC

cos  kx 
Q27. The value of the integral 

x2  a2
dx , where k  0 and a  0 , is
 2  ka  3  ka
(a) e  ka (b) e (c) e  ka (d) e
a a 2a 2a
Ans. : (a)

cos kx
Solution: x

2
 a2
dx
eikx eikz
f  z  
z 2  a 2  z  ia  z  ia 
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ik  ia 
e e  ka
I  Re.2 i  
2ia a
Q28. The wave function   x  of a particle is as shown below
  x
d d
K
x
a/2 a/2
Here K is a constant, and a  d . The position uncertainty  x  of the particle is
a 2  3d 2 3a 2  d 2 d2 d2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
12 12 6 24
Ans. : (b)
 a d a d
k ,  2  2  x   2  2

 0,  a  d  x  a  d

Solution:   x   
2 2 2 2
 k, a  d  x  a  d
 2 2 2 2
 a d
 0,  0
 2 2
  1
a d a d
  
2 2 2 2
k2  dx  k a d dx  1
2
a d
  
2 2 2 2
 a d   a d    a d   a d  
k 2            k 2           1
 2 2   2 2    2 2   2 2  
d d d d  1
k2      1 k 
2 2 2 2 2d
Hence wavefunction is symmetric about x  0 , so x  0
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a d a d
  
2 2 2 2
x2  k 2  x dx  k a d x dx
2 2 2
a d
  
2 2 2 2
k2  3 ad   
a d
    
 x  a d   x  a d 
2 2 3 2 2
3  
   
2 2 2 2 
k2 
 a  d    a  d    a  d    a  d  
3 3 3 3

3 8  

k2
24
    
 a3  d 3  3a 2 d  3ad 2  a3  d 3  3a 2 d  3ad 2  a 3  d 3  3a 2 d  3ad 2 
 a 3
 d3  3ad  a  d 

x 2

k2
 4a  12a d  
3 2
4d d 2  3a 2


3a 2  d 2 
24   24  2d 12
2 3a 2  d 2
x  x 2
 x 
12
Q29. A solid cylinder of radius R has total charge Q distributed uniformly over its volume. It is
rotating about its axis with angular speed  . The magnitude of the total magnetic moment of the
cylinder is
1 1 1
(a) QR 2 (b) QR 2 (c) QR 2 (d) QR 2
2 4 8
Ans. : (c)
 R 4
Solution: Magnetic moment due to disc  
4
 R 4
Due to cylinder d     dz     dz 
4
 R 4 L
Q Q R 4

4 0  R 2 L dz 
4
Q30. Consider the motion of a particle along the x - axis in a potential V  x   F x . Its ground state
energy E0 is estimated using the uncertainty principle. Then E0 is proportional to
(a) F 1/ 3 (b) F 1/ 2 (c) F 2 / 5 (d) F 2 / 3
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Ans. : (d)
p2 p2 p2
Solution: E  F x E  Fx for x  0 E   Fx  0 from uncertainty theory
2m 2m 2m

x.p    p 
x
 p 
2
2
E F  x   E   F x
2m  x 
2
2m
For minimum energy,

1/ 3 1/ 3
dE 2  2   2  mF 
2/3
 2 
  F  0  x      F   E  F 2/3
d x m  x  2m   2 
3
 mF   mF 
Q31. A 3 - bit analog-to-digital converter is designed to digitize analog signals ranging from 0 V to
10 V . For this converter, the binary output corresponding to an input of 6 V is
(a) 011 (b) 101 (c) 100 (d) 010
Ans. : (c)
Solution: 0   0 0 0   0V
10
1   0 01   1.42 V
7
20
2   010    2.8V
7
30
3   011   4.28V
7
40
4  10 0    5.71V
7
50
5  101   7.14V
7
60
6  110    8.57 V
7
70
7  111   10V
7
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E 0 
Q32. The Hamiltonian operator for a two-level quantum system is H   1  . If the state of the
 0 E2 
1 1
system at t  0 is given by   0     then   0    t  at a later time t is
2
2 1
(a)
1
2

1  e  E1  E2 t /   1
 
(b) 1  e  E1  E2 t / 
2
(c) 1  cos  E1  E2  t /   (d) 1  cos  E1  E2  t /  
1 1
2 2
Ans. : (c)
 iE t 
 exp 1 
1 1 1 
Solution:   0      t    
2 1 2 iE2t 
 exp 
  
2
 exp 1  exp  2  1  cos  E1  E2  t /  

1 iE t iE t 1
  0  t 
2
4   2
Q33. A particle of mass m moves in a lattice along the x - axis in a periodic potential
V  x   V  x  d  with periodicity d . The corresponding Brillouin zone extends from k0 to k0
with these two k - points being equivalent. If a weak force F in the x - direction is applied to
the particle, it starts a periodic motion with the time period T . Using the equation of motion
dpcrystal
F for a particle moving in a band, where pcrystal is the crystal momentum of the
dt
particle, the period T is found to be ( h is Planck constant)
2md 2md 2h h
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d)
F F Fd Fd
Ans. : (d)
d
Solution: E  E  Fdx  F  x 0  Fd
d
h h
Using Heisenberg uncertainty E  t  h , T  t   . Thus correct option is (d)
E Fd
Q34. Consider a potential barrier V  x  of the form:
V  x
V  x  
V0
x0 xa xb
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x
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where V0 is a constant. For particles of energy E  V0 incident on this barrier from the left which
of the following schematic diagrams best represents the probability density   x  as a function
2
  x   x
2 2
of x ?
(a) (b)
x0 xa xb x x0 xa xb x
  x   x
2 2
(c) (d)
x0 xa xb x x0 xa xb x

Ans. : (a)
 
Q35. The spin-orbit interaction term of an electron moving in a central field is written as f  r  l  s ,
where r is the radial distance of the electron from the origin. If an electron moves inside a
uniformly charged sphere, then
(a) f  r   constant (b) f  r   r 1 (c) f  r   r 2 (d) f  r   r 3
Ans. : (a)
Solution: The electric potential of a uniformly charged sphere at r  R is
kQ  r2 
 3  V 
2R  R2 
where Q is the electric charge on the sphere of radius R and k is a constant.
  1  V 
The interaction energy is W  f  r  l  s , where for central potential V , f  r    
r  r 
1  kQr   kQ
 f  r    3   3  constant. Thus option (a) is correct.
r R  R
Q36. For the following circuit, the correct logic values for the entries X 2 and Y2 in the truth table are
C
A X G
P C X A YB
0 0
1 0 0 11
G 0 0
1 0 X 2 Y2 0
Y 0 0 0 1
1 Hauz 0 1
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(a) 1 and 0 (b) 0 and 0 (c) 0 and 1 (d) 1 and 1

Ans. : (a)
 m 
Q37. In a set of N successive polarizers, the m th polarizer makes an angle   with the vertical. A
 2N 
vertically polarized light beam of intensity I 0 is incident on two such sets with N  N1 and
N  N 2 , where N 2  N1 . Let the intensity of light beams coming out be I  N1  and I  N 2  ,
respectively. Which of the following statements is correct about the two outgoing beams?
(a) I  N 2   I  N1  ; the polarization in each case is vertical
(b) I  N 2   I  N1  ; the polarization in each case is vertical
(c) I  N 2   I  N1  ; the polarization in each case is horizontal
(d) I  N 2   I  N1  ; the polarization in each case is horizontal
Ans. : (c)
2 N1 2 N2
  n / 2    n / 2 
Solution: I  N1   I 0 cos   , I  N 2   I 0 cos  
  N1     N2 
I  N 2   I  N1 
For last polarization, pass axis will be horizontal.

Ex: N1  5
 
10
I  5   I 0 cos 18   0.605 I 0
 
N 2  10
 
20
I 10   I 0  cos 9   0.780 I 0
 
I 10   I  5 
Q38. A ball bouncing of a rigid floor is described by the potential energy function
mgx for x  0
V  x  
 for x  0
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Which of the following schematic diagrams best represents the phase space plot of the ball?
(a) (b)  2mE
 2mE
E E
mg mg
x x
 2mE  2mE
 2mE
(c)  2mE E (d) E E

mg mg mg
x x
 2mE
 2mE
Ans. : (b)
p2
Solution: E   mgx  p 2  2m  E  mgx  which is equation of parabola
2m
Q39. An infinitely long wire parallel to the x -axis is kept at z  d and carries a current I in the
positive x direction above a superconductor filling the region z  0 (see figure). The magnetic

field B inside the superconductor is zero so that the field just outside the superconductor is
parallel to its surface. The magnetic field due to this configuration at a point  x, y, z  0  is
  I    z  d  ˆj  ykˆ ẑ
(a)  0 
 2   y 2   z  d  
2
 
 0 I     z  d  ˆj  ykˆ  z  d  ˆj  ykˆ 
(b)    2  l
 2   y 2   z  d  y   z  d  
2 2
d
    z  d  ˆj  ykˆ  z  d  ˆj  ykˆ 
x̂
 I
(c)  0  2  2 
 2   y   z  d  y   z  d  
2 2
superconductor
  I   yjˆ   z  d  kˆ yjˆ   z  d  kˆ 
(d)  0   2  2 
 2   y   z  d  y   z  d  
2 2
Ans. : (b)

Solution: Verify that B  0 , when d  0
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Q40. The vector potential inside a long solenoid with n turns per unit length and carrying current I ,
  nI  nI

written in cylindrical coordinates is A  s,  , z   0 sˆ . If the term 0 s  cos  ˆ   sin  sˆ ,
2 2


where   0,   0 is added to A  s,  , z  , the magnetic field remains the same if

(a)    (b)     (c)   2  (d)  
2
  t ˆ 1 t ˆ t 
 Useful formulae:  t S   zˆ; 
S S  z
 
    1 v v   v v  1    sv  vs  
  v   z
   sˆ   s  z  ˆ     zˆ 
  s  z   z s  s  s   
   
Ans. : (d)
rˆ rˆ zˆ
   1   
Solution: B    A   0 nIzˆ
r r  z
Ar rA 0
rˆ rˆ zˆ
   1      cos  
B    A   0 nI  cos   1  zˆ
r r  z  2 
Ar rA 0
    cos  
Equate B  B   cos   1  0 nI  0 nI
 2 
 
  cos   cos    
2 2
Q41. Low energy collision ( s - wave scattering) of pion (   ) with deuteron ( d ) results in the
production of two proton (    d  p  p ). The relative orbital angular momentum (in units of
 ) of the resulting two-proton system for this reaction is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
Ans.: (b)
Solution:   d  p p
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Parity:  1   1 (1)  p p
l
  1  p p  1
l
Since  p  1   1l  1
Thus, l  1 .
 p2q4 
Q42. Consider the Hamiltonian H  q, p    , where  and  are parameters with
2 q2
appropriate dimensions, and q and p are the generalized coordinate and momentum,
respectively. The corresponding Lagrangian L  q, q  is
1 q 2  2 q 2  1 q 2  1 q 2 
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d)  
2 q 4 q 2  q4 q2  q4 q2 2 q 4 q 2
Ans. : (a)
ap 2 q 4  H q
Solution: L  pq  H  pq   2 from Hamiltonian equation of motion  q  p  4
2 q p aq
1 q 2 
L 
2 q 4 q 2
 P 
Q43. For a given load resistance RL  4.7 ohm, the power transfer efficiencies   load  of a dc
 Ptotal 
voltage source and a dc current source with internal resistances R1 and R2 , respectively, are
equal. The product R1 R2 in units of ohm2 (rounded off to one decimal place) is_________
Ans. : 22.09
Solution: For dc voltage source
R1
2
V 2
 V 
Ptotal  and PRL    RL
R1  RL  R1  RL 
V RL
PRL RL
 dc vol  
Ptotal R1  RL
For dc current source
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2
 RR   R2 I 
Ptotal  I  2 L  and PRL  I L2 RL  
2
 RL
 R2  RL   R2  RL 
PRL R2
 dc curr   I R2 RL
Ptotal R2  RL
Since  dc vol  dc curr
RL R2
   RL  R2  RL   R2  R1  RL   R1 R2  RL2
R1  RL R2  RL
 R1 R2   4.7   22.09  2
2
Q44. The ground state electronic configuration of the rare-earth ion ( Nd 3 ) is  Pd  4 f 3 5s 2 5 p 6 .
8
Assuming LS coupling, the Lande g - factor of this ion is . The effective magnetic moment in
11
units of Bohr magneton  B (rounded off to two decimal places) is ____________.
Ans.: 3.62
Solution: For 4 f 3 M L  3 2 1 0 1 2 3 L  6, S  3 / 2, J  9/2
8 99 
  g J  B J  J  1   B    1
11 22 
8 9 11
   B  3.62  B
11 2 2
Q45. A projectile of mass 1 kg is launched at an angle of 300 from the horizontal direction at t  0
and takes time T before hitting the ground. If its initial speed is 10 ms 1 , the value of the action
integral for the entire flight in the units of kgm 2 s 1 (round off to one decimal place)
is___________. [Take g  10 ms 2 ]
Ans. : 33.3
2v sin 
Solution: T   1sec
g
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L
1
2

m x 2  y 2  mgy 
x  v cos   5 3ms 1 y  v sin   gt  5  10t
1 1 1 1
y  ut  gt 2  v sin  t  gt 2  10. t  10t 2  5t  5t 2
2 2 2 2
L  1 5 3
1
  
  5  10t    1 10  5t  5t 2 
2 2
2  
L  100t 2  100t  50
 
T 1
A   Ldt   100t 2  100t  50 dt  33.3
0 0
Q46. Let  be a variable in the range      . Now consider a function

  
1 for  
     2 2
0 otherwise

if its Fourier-series is written as     C e  im , then the value of C3
2
m (rounded off to
m 
three decimal places) is__________.

Ans. : 0.011

1
f  x  eim d
2l 
Solution: The Fourier coefficient Cn is Cm 
Here 2l  2 ,
 /2
 e 
1 1 1 im  / 2 1
 1 e d  e im / 2  e  im / 2 
im
Therefore, Cm  
2 
 /2
2 im   / 2 2 im
For m  3
1
C3  e3 i / 2  e 3 i / 2 
6 i
1  3  1 3 1 1
or, C3   2i sin  sin   1  
6 i  2  3 2 3 3
2
 1  1
    2  0.011
2
Therefore, C3
 3  9
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Q47. Two spaceships A and B , each of the same rest length L , are moving in the same direction
4c 3c
with speeds and , respectively, where c is the speed of light. As measured by B , the
5 5
time taken by A to completely overtake B [see figure below] in units of L / c (to the nearest
integer) is ___________
(i) (ii)
A 4c / 5 A 4c / 5
B 3c / 5 B 3c / 5
Ans. : 5
4 3 c
c c
5
Solution: u A, B  5 5  5  c
4 3 1 13 13
1  c. c. 2
5 5 c 25
Kinematic equation is given by
5 25 5L
c  t  L 1 Lt    5
13 169 c
Q48. A radioactive element X has a half-life of 30 hours. It decays via alpha, beta and gamma
emissions with the branching ratio for beta decay being 0.75 . The partial half-life for beta decay
in unit of hours is ____________
Ans.: 40
Solution: Branching ratio is the fraction of particles (here  ) which decays by an individual decay mode
with respect to the total number of particles which decays
 dN 
 
 dt  x T1/ 2  x T1/ 2  x 30
BR    T1/ 2      40 hours
 dt  T1/ 2  BR 0.75
 
 dt  
Q49. In a thermally insulated container, 0.01 kg of ice at 273 K is mixed with 0.1 kg of water at
300 K . Neglecting the specific heat of the container, the change in the entropy of the system in
J / K on attaining thermal equilibrium (rounded off to two decimal places) is____________
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Ans. : 1.03
Solution: Teq  290.29 K (Heat gain  Heat lost)
mice L  miceC T  273  m C  300  T 
T  290.29 K
s   sice  swater
mice L T
 s ice   miceC ln i  14.85 J / K
Tice Tice
290.29
 S water  m C ln  13.82 J / K
300
S  1.03 J / K
Q50. Consider a system of three charges as shown in the figure below:
z
 r , 
q
q d  q
 
2 2
y
d d
For r  10 m;  60 degrees; q  106 Coulomb, and d  103 m , the electric dipole potential in
volts (rounded off to three decimal places) at a point  r ,   is _________
1 Nm 2
[Use:  9 109 2 ]
4 0 C
Ans. : 0.045
q q
Solution: Monopole moment     q  0
2 2
 q q 
p      dyˆ    dyˆ   q  dzˆ   p  qdzˆ
2 2

1 pr 1 qd cos 
V  r ,   
4 0 r 2
4 0 r2
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6 3
10  10  cos 60 0
109
V  r ,   9  109   9  10 9
  0.045
10  2  100
2
Q51. Consider two system A and B each having two distinguishable particles. In both the systems,
each particle can exist in states with energies 0,1, 2 and 3 units with equal probability. The total
energy of the combined system is 5 units. Assuming that the system A has energy 3 units and
the system B has energy 2 units, the entropy of the system is k B ln  . The value of 
is__________
Ans. : 12 EA  3 EB  2
Solution: A B 3
A B A B
2
B A AB
1
B A B A
0
  4  3  12 A  4 B  3
S  ln   k B ln12
  12 .
Q52. Electrons with spin in the z - direction  ẑ  are passed through a Stern-Gerlach (SG) set up with
the magnetic field at   600 from ẑ . The fraction of electrons that will emerge with their spin
parallel to the magnetic field in the SG set up (rounded off to two decimal places)
is___________
 0 1  0 i   1 0 
 x   ,  y   ,  z   
 1 0 i 0   0 1  
Ans. : 0.25
 cos 600   1/ 2  1 1 1
Solution:       state related to up state is ,     
 sin 600  2 2 0
   3 / 2
The fraction of electrons that will emerge with their spin parallel to the magnetic field
2 1
   0.25
4
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1  
Q53. The Hamiltonian of a system is H    with   1 . The fourth order contribution to the
  1 
ground state energy of H is  4 . The value of  (rounded off to three decimal places)
is_________.
Ans. : 0.125
1  
Solution: H    the eigen value of the Hamiltonian is Eg   1   , E f   1  
2 2
  1 
The ground state is Eg   1   2
 2 4  2 4
Taylor expansion of  1   2   1   .....   1   .....
 2 8  2 8
1
   0.125
8
Q54. Two events, one on the earth and the other one on the Sun, occur simultaneously in the earth’s
frame. The time difference between the two events as seen by an observer in a spaceship moving
with velocity 0.5 c in the earth’s frame along the line joining the earth to the Sun is  t , where c
is the speed of light. Given that light travels from the Sun to the earth in 8.3 minutes in the
earth’s frame, the value of  t in minutes (rounded off to two decimal places) is____________
(Take the earth’s frame to be inertial and neglect the relative motion between the earth and the
sun)
Ans. : 4.77
Solution: t2  t1  0 x2  x1  8.3  3 108  60 v  0.5c
 vx   vx   
 t2  22   t1  21   
t  t2  t1   c  c    t2  t1   v  x2  x1   4.77 min
 v2   v2   v2  c
2
v2
 1  2   1  2   1  2  1 2
 c   c   c  c
Q55. In a certain two-dimensional lattice, the energy dispersion of the electrons is
  
  1
 k  2t cos k x a  2 cos k x a cos
2 2
3
kya
 
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
where k   k x , k y  denotes the wave vector, a is the lattice constant and t is a constant in units
of eV . In this lattice the effective mass tensor mij of electrons calculated at the center of the
2   0 
Brillouin zone has the form mij  2   . The value of  (rounded off to two decimal
ta  0  
places) is ____________
Ans.: 0.33
Solution: Effective mass tensor matrix 4
 1 1   1 
m 0 
mxy   mxx
mij    
xx
 1 1   1 
   0
 myx m yy   m yy 
2 2
When mxx  and m 
 2 E / k x2  2 E / k y2
yy
E  1   3 
Now  2t  a sin k x a  a sin  k x a  cos  k y a  
k x  2   2  
2 E  2 a2 1   3 
 2t  a cos  kx a   cos  kx a  cos  ky a  
2 
2
dk x  2  2  
At the Brillouin zone centre i.e. at k x  k y  0
2 E  1
  2ta 2 1    3ta 2
k x
2
 2
E  1   3 
Similarly,  2t  3a cos  k x a  sin  k y a  
k y  2   2  
2 E  3a 2 1   3 
 2t  cos  x 
k a cos  2 y  
 k a
k y2  2 2    
At the Brillouin zone centre i.e. at k x  k y  0
2 E
 3ta 2
y
2
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 2
 2
 2
2
Thus mxx  2  and m  
 E / k x2 3ta 2  2 E / k y2 3ta 2
yy
 2  1 
 3ta 2 0 
2 3 0
mij      
  2  ta
2
0 1
 0 3ta 2   3 
1
Thus    0.333 .
3
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number of students answering all questions, then

 6,30, 000  n  0   5, 70, 000  n  3

Since, n  0   n  3 . Hence, 2n  0   60, 000  n  0   30, 000

Annual sale of crackers in India

Annual crow births in India

(a) 0.015V (b) 0.15V (c) 15V (d) 150 V

(a) 1 (b) 1.5 (c) 2 (d) 2.5

1, 1 . If H  is the interaction Hamiltonian corresponding to the applied electric field, which of

the following matrix elements is nonzero?

(b) a is not an eigenstate of the operator Ŝ 2 and S  0 for b

(d) S  1 for a , and S  0 for b

(a) a removablesingularity (b) an essential singularity

(a) 0 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 1

U  R   2 N   p    q    , where p  12.13, q  14.45 and R is the nearest neighbour

where C is a constant. If its density of states D  E  is proportional to E p then the value of p

Q20. The electric field of an electromagnetic wave in vacuum is given by

the value of  (rounded off to one decimal place) is___________

Hence it is triply degenerate one can take

Fermi energy is 0.01 . Then T , to the nearest integer, is __________

is defined as   c1  1  1  c2  2  2 . If c1  0.4 and c2  0.6 , the matrix element  22

(rounded off to one decimal place) is __________

Solution: H c T   H 0 1      0.3 1      0.3 1   0.426  

 0.3 1  0.181  0.3  0.819  0.246 Atm

Q26 – Q55 carry two marks each.

energy E0 is estimated using the uncertainty principle. Then E0 is proportional to

(a) F 1/ 3 (b) F 1/ 2 (c) F 2 / 5 (d) F 2 / 3

For minimum energy,

 exp 1  exp  2  1  cos  E1  E2  t /  

x0 xa xb x x0 xa xb x

x0 xa xb x x0 xa xb x

(a) 1 and 0 (b) 0 and 0 (c) 0 and 1 (d) 1 and 1

(d) I  N 2   I  N1  ; the polarization in each case is horizontal

For last polarization, pass axis will be horizontal.

respectively. The corresponding Lagrangian L  q, q  is

Since  dc vol  dc curr

Q44. The ground state electronic configuration of the rare-earth ion ( Nd 3 ) is  Pd  4 f 3 5s 2 5 p 6 .

Q46. Let  be a variable in the range      . Now consider a function

three decimal places) is__________.

mice L  miceC T  273  m C  300  T 

volts (rounded off to three decimal places) at a point  r ,   is _________

The ground state is Eg   1   2

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