Practical Research II
 Inquiry learning can be applied to all
Research
1. It is looking into something.
2. It is looking for something.
3. It is comparing and contrasting things.
4. It is finding out more information… it
is counting things… making
inquiries… being curious… finding
out what people think… finding out
what people do… finding out what
works… finding out what doesn’t
work… finding out what people
want…
Inquiry
 Is defined as the “quest for truth,
information, or knowledge through
questioning”
 The inquiry process follows the
developmental stage of a person,
which proceeds from “womb to
tomb”
Importance of Inquiry
 Information revolution Seeking
appropriate resolutions to questions
and issues
 Emphasis on the development of
inquiry skills
 Enables individuals to continue the
quest for knowledge
 Generation and transmission
knowledge
Application of Inquiry
disciplines and the facets of life
 Learning is a continuous process
Research Design
Classified into qualitative research and
quantitative research
Qualitative Vs. Quantitative
Research
Qualitative Research
 is a method of inquiry used in various
academic disciplines usually in the
social sciences, but also in market
research and varied perspective.
 Investigates the why and how of
decision making not just what,
where, and when.
 Smaller but focused samples are more
often used than large samples.
Quantitative Research
1. Also known as empirical research, is
a type of inquiry relations are
established through the collection of
numerical data which are analyzed to
derive generalization
2. Refers to test or experiments that
yield quantifiable values that can be
of
analyzed using statistics, figures and
mathematical models to provide
information that may be used in
decision making
3. Data collected usually come from a
large sample of the population
 4. The purpose of any scientific inquiry How quantitative research
is to add to a body of knowledge that works
helps explain, predict, or control Observing and
Explaining an
events of interest in the domain. Occurrence

5. Quantitative approach designs and

examines social phenomena through
quantifiable evidence, and often
relies on statistical analysis of many
causes to create valid and reliable
Collecting Analyzing the
general claims. Information Information

6. The overall goal of quantitative

Strengths
research is to convey numerically
what is being seen in the research and 1. Data collection is relatively faster and
to arrive at specific and observable easier to do.
conditions. 2. Useful in a given large sample or
population
Characteristics of Quantitative
3. Data analysis is done through the use
Research of statistical software (SPSS-
statistical Package for the Social
1. The data are usually gathered using
Sciences)
more structured instrument.
4. Allows for greater objectivity and
2. The results are based on larger
accuracy of results.
sample sizes that are representative
5. Applying well -established standards
of the population
means that the research can be
3. The research study can usually be
replicated, and then analyzed and
replicated or repeated, give its high
compared with similar studies
reliability
6. You can summarize vast sources of
4. The researcher has a clearly defined
information and make comparisons
research question to which objective
across categories and over time; and,
answers are sought
7. Personal bias can be avoided by
5. All aspects of the study are carefully
keeping a 'distance' from
designed before the data are
participating subjects and using
collected.
accepted computational techniques
6. Data are in the form of numbers and
statistics.
7. Project can be used generalize
concepts more widely, predict future
results, or investigative causal
relationship
 Weaknesses 3.2 Dependent Variable – affected
by independent variable
1. The statistical aspects may be too
technical for average readers to 3.3 Intervening Variable – these
comprehend. are called test or control
2. Too much emphasis on statistical variables that either increase or
significance, disregarding the decrease the effect of IV to DV
importance of the effects.
3. The results might be too abstract and
extensive for direct application.
4. Results may be too limited as they
provide numeric interpretations
rather than detailed narrative
accounts of an individual’s insights

Quantitative Research Across

Disciplines

i. Medical field
ii. Household census
iii. Market research
iv. Finance
v. Information technology
vi. Education
vii. Disaster management
viii. Engineering

Variables
A variable is something that can take
on different values for different subjects in
a given research.

Types of Variables

1. According to values
2. According to scale of measurement
3. According to relationship
3.1 Independent Variable –
manipulated variable that
caused change in another
variable