‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻠــــــ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬

‫ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼﺕ ﺳﺮﭼﺎﻫﻲ‬
‫)‪(Welhead Facilities‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫)‪ (Base Flange‬ﺗﺎﺳﺮﭘﻮﺵ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﭼﻮﻙ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫)‪(Burning Valve & Burning Line‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻋﻤﻘﻲ‬
‫)‪(Dipping Valve‬‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ ﺧﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺯﺍﻧﻮﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬

‫)‪(Swept Bend‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬

‫)‪(Surface Safety Valve‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ‬

‫)‪(Top Main Valve‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫)‪(Bottom Main Valve‬‬

‫ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻋﻤﻘﻲ )‪ :(Dipping Valve‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺩﺭﺧﺖ ﻛﺮﻳﺴﻤﺲ )ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻩﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻛــﻪ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺳــﺮ ﺧﻢ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌــﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ( ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺍﺳــﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺳــﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ )ﺑﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺷــﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻮﻟــﻪ ﺁﺗــﺶ ‪ (Burning Line Valve):‬ﺷــﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳــﻨﺞ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ ﺁﻥ( ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺯﻩﺍﻱ ‪ 4‬ﺍﻳﻨﭽﻲ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ‪ 3 ،2‬ﻭ‪ 4‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻠﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺳـﺮ ﺧﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲﺩﺍﺭ )‪ :(Swept Bend‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺳﻪﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺴﺖ )‪(Loose‬‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺑﻪﻃﺮﻑ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛــﻪ ﺑﻪﻣــﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻪ ﺳــﻨﮓ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧــﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‪ :‬ﺷﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻠﻮﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺤــﻞ ﺗﻌﺒﻴــﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﻨــﺪﻩ)‪:(Choke Flange‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷــﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﻪﻃﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺳــﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺷــﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﺳــﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪ )‪ (Flange‬ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺪﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺧﻄﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻠﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷــﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﻨــﺪﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ‪ 6‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻛﺜﻴﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻣــﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪﻃﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ‬ ‫ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ )‪ :(Top Main Valve‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷــﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴــﺘﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷــﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺳــﺮﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩ؛ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺸــﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺩﻩﻣﻲﺷــﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺷــﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﺳــﻴﺐ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷــﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻠﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‪ :‬ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ‪ Remove Valve‬ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ )ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ‪ 4‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ( ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﮔﻮﺩﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸــﺎﺭﺧﻂ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫ﺁﺗﺶ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﻣﺴــﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪ 6‬ﺍﻳﻨﭽﻰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﮔﻮﺩﺍﻝ ﺁﺗﺶ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﻨــﺪﻩ ﻟﻮﻟــﻪ ﺳــﻮﺧﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌــﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷــﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻮﻟــﻪ ﺁﺗــﺶ‬
‫)‪ (Burning Line Valve‬ﻧﺼــﺐ ﻣﻲﮔـــﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺳــﺖ ﺑﻌــﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷــﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟـــﻮﺩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﺗﺶ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﺳــﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻝ ﺁﺗﺶ‬

‫)‪ (Flange‬ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ‬

‫ﺗﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻨﻰ ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪﻃﺮﻑ ﮔﻮﺩﺍﻝ ﺁﺗﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪swoop Band‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﺗﺶ‬
‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻰ‬ ‫‪P‬‬
‫‪P‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﺗﺶ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻰ )ﺭﻭﻯ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎ(‬

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‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‪ :‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺭﺿﺎ ﻋﺎﺩﻝ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﻓﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﺱ‬
 ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ /‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ / 99‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻩ ‪ -1391‬ﻓﺮﻭﺭﺩﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻩ ‪1392‬‬

‫ــــــــــﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﭼﺎﻫﻰ‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻯ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻫﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺑﻰ ﺟـﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳــﻴﺎﻝ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭼﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻯ ﺗﺮﺧﻴﺺ ﻣﻰﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺷــﻴﺮﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴــﻬﻴﻼﺕ ﺳﺮ ﭼﺎﻫﻰ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭﺧـﺖ ﻛﺮﻳﺴﻤﺲ )‪ (X – Mass Tree‬ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﭼـﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃـﻮﻝ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺷﻜﺴــﺖ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳــﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﭼـﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﺳـﺮ ﭼـﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﭼﺎﻫﻰ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ )‪ (Base Flange‬ﺗﺎ ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺵ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺏ( ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪2‬ـ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪1‬ـ ﺗﻠﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﺎ ‪3‬ـ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ ‪4‬ـ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ ‪5‬ـ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ‪6‬ـ ﭼﻮﻙ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺗﻠﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫)‪(Stone Trap‬‬ ‫)‪(Production Valve & Flowing Line‬‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ T‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺯﺍﻧﻮﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ ﺧﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ )‪ ،(Production Valve‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺧـﺖ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺗﻠﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ ﺧﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻠﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﺨـﺰﻥ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭼـﺎﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭼـﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻪ ﭼـﺎﻩ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ ﮔـﻮﺩﺍﻝ ﺁﺗﺶ )‪ (Burning Pit‬ﻳﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺳﻨﮓﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺁﻥ ‪ 6‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ ﺗﻠﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ‪ ،‬ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 2‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 3‬ﭘﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ 10‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 20‬ﭘﺎﻡ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺴﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﻭ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺘﻤﺎً ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ؛ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻠﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮﻱ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻔﺖ ﭼـﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﭼـﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻪﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺳﻤﺖ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻃـﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭼﺎﻩ )ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﻔﺖ‬
‫ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 5/1‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭼـﺎﻩ( ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ‪ 6‬ﻭ ‪ 8‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻪﻃﺮﻑ ﮔﻮﺩﺍﻝ ﺁﺗﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ )ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﺮﭼـﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺁﻥ )ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ( ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪﺳﻤﺖ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺧـﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ(‪ .‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﭼـﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﺩﺭﺱ‪:‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ -‬ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻃﺎﻟﻘﺎﻧﻰ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻓﻆ‪ -‬ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺩﺳﺮ‪ -‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ -‬ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ‪ - 114‬ﺩﺑﻴﺮﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
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