EXERCISE 1:

From the results of RUN 1 and RUN 2 in table 5.1 and 5.2, calculate for each trial the
power factor of the circuit, the value of loading resistance R and the total power in watts
and enter them in the respective table.

RUN 1:

TABLE 4.1

TRIAL VS VC VR I(mA) R(KΩ) PT(mW) P.F

1 7.1V 0.8V 7.1V 1.34 5.5 9.51 1
2 7.1V 1.6V 6.9V 2.82 2.45 19.46 0.97
3 7.1V 2.6V 6.5V 4.71 1.38 30.62 0.92
4 7.1V 3.7V 5.9V 6.63 0.89 39.12 0.83

FORMULAS:

VR VR
R= PT = I VR P.F =
I VS

TRIAL 1

7.1V 7.1 V
R=
1.34 mA
= 5.5 KΩ PT = (1.34mA)(7.1V) = 9.51mW P.F =
7.1 V
=1

TRIAL 2

6.9V 6.9 V
R=
2.82 mA
= 2.45 KΩ PT = (2.82mA)(6.9V) = 19.46mW P.F =
7.1V
=
0.97

TRIAL 3

6.5V 6.5 V
R=
4.71 mA
= 1.38 KΩ PT = (4.71mA)(6.5V) = 30.62mW P.F =
7.1V
=
0.92

TRIAL 4
 5.9V 5.9 V
R=
6.63 mA
= 0.89 KΩ PT = (6.63mA)(5.9V) = 39.12mW P.F =
7.1 V
=
0.83

RUN 2:

TABLE 4.2

TRIAL VS IT(mA) IR(mA) IC(mA) R(KΩ) PT(mW) P.F

1 6.92V 12.4 2.1 11.7 3.3 14.53 0.17
2 6.92V 13.5 2.5 11.7 2.77 17.3 0.19
3 6.92V 16.5 4.8 11.7 1.44 33.22 0.3
4 6.92V 19.1 7.7 11.7 0.9 53.28 0.4

FORMULAS:

VS IR
R= PT = IR VS P.F =
IR IT

TRIAL 1

6.92V 2.1mA
R=
2.1 mA
= 3.3 KΩ PT = (2.1mA)(6.92V) = 14.53mW P.F =
12.4 mA
=
0.17

TRIAL 2

6.92V 2.5 mA
R=
2.5 mA
= 2.77 KΩ PT = (2.5mA)(6.92V) = 17.3mW P.F =
13.5 mA
=
0.19

TRIAL 3

6.92V 4.8 mA
R=
4.8 mA
= 1.44 KΩ PT = (4.8mA)(6.92V) = 33.22mW P.F =
16.5 mA
=
0.3

TRIAL 4
 6.92V 7.7 mA
R=
7.7 mA
= 0.9 KΩ PT = (7.7mA)(6.92V) = 53.28mW P.F =
19.1 mA
=
0.4

EXERCIES 2

Plot the graph of the power factor P.F, vs, resistance R of the table 5.1 and table 5.2
using the axes suggested in figure 4.9.

FOR RUN1:

FOR RUN2:
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS:
1. From data of Table 4.1 in Run 1, for each trial, neglecting the resistance of the
inductor, compute the vector sum of voltages VR and VL using Pythagorean
equation and compare this with the value of supply voltage V s. What do the
values indicate?

Trial 1
Vector sum = √ ( VC )2 + ( VR )2
Vector sum = √ ( 0.8 )2 + ( 7.1 )2
Vector sum = 7.1V; Equal to VS (7.1 V).

Trial 2:
Vector sum = √ ( VC )2 + ( VR )2
Vector sum = √ ( 1.6 )2+ ( 6.9 )2
Vector sum = 7.1 V; smaller than VS (7.1 V).

Trial 3
Vector sum = √ ( VC )2 + ( VR )2
Vector sum = √ ( 2.6 )2 + ( 6.5 )2
Vector sum = 7 V; almost equal to VS (7.1 V).

Trial 4:
Vector sum = √ ( VC ) +( VR )
2 2

Vector sum = √ ( 3.7 ) +( 5.9 )

2 2
 Vector sum = 7 V; almost equal to VS (7.1 V).

2. From data of Table 4.2 in Run 2, for each trial, compute the vector sum of
currents IR and IL using Pythagorean equation and compare this with the value
of total current IT. What do the values indicate?

Trial 1
Vector sum = √ ( IC )2 + ( IR )2
Vector sum = √ ( 11.7 mA )2 + ( 2.1 mA )2
Vector sum = 11.88 mA; smaller than IT (12.4 mA).

Trial 2
Vector sum = √ ( IC )2 + ( IR )2
Vector sum = √ ( 11.7 mA )2 + ( 2.77 mA )2
Vector sum = 12.02 mA; smaller than IT (13.5 mA).

Trial 3
Vector sum = √ ( IC )2 + ( IR )2
Vector sum = √ ( 11.7 mA )2 + ( 4.8 mA )2
Vector sum = 12.64 mA; smaller than IT (16.5 mA).

Trial 4
Vector sum = √ ( IC )2 + ( IR )2
Vector sum = √ ( 11.7 mA )2 + ( 7.7 mA )2
Vector sum = 14 mA; smaller than IT (19.1 mA)

3. What generalization can be drawn regarding the plot of Power Factor (P.F.)
vs. resistance R of Table 4.1 and of Table 4.2 in Figure 4.9?

For table 5.1, I can say that as the resistance decreases, the power factor
also decreases.

For table 5.2, I can say that as the resistance decreases, the power factor
also decreases.

Therefore I can say that the resistance is directly proportional to the power
factor.

4. For each trial of 5.2, calculate the power dissipated in the resistance and
compare this with the value of the total power P T. What do the values
indicate?

Trial 1 Trial 3
 P = VsIR P = VsIR

P = (6.92 V) (2.1 mA) P = (6.92 V) (4.8 mA)

P = 14.53mW P = 33.22mW

Trial 2 Trial 4

P = VsIR P = VsIR

P = (6.92 V) (2.5 mA) P = (6.92 V) (7.7 mA)

P = 17.3mW P = 53.28mW

5. A series circuit consisting of 20 ohm resistance and 10µF capacitance is

connected to a 220-volt, 60-hertz source. Determine the current, power factor,
power and the voltage drop across the capacitor.
Answer:
1 1
XC = = =265.26Ω
2 πfC 2 π ( 60 )( 10 µF )
Z = √ R 2+ X c 2=√ 202+ 265.262=266.01 Ω
VT 220
IT = = =0.827 A
Z 266.01

R 20
= =0.78
P.F.=cos θ =
√ √
2
1 1
R2 + ( )
ωC
20 +( 2

2 π ( 60 )( 10 µF )
)

VC = ITXC= (0.827 A)(265.26) = 219.37V

θ =arctan0.78 = 37.95

6. A coil consumes 100 watts, 220 V lamp, and a capacitance of 300µF are
connected in parallel. If a 220V, 60 Hz supply is impressed find the current in
each branch and the total line current, the total impedance, overall power
factor and the total.
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

RUN 1:

TABLE 4.1

TRIAL VS VC VR I(mA) R(KΩ) PT(mW) P.F

1 7.1V 0.8V 7.1V 1.34 5.5 9.51 1
2 7.1V 1.6V 6.9V 2.82 2.45 19.46 0.97
3 7.1V 2.6V 6.5V 4.71 1.38 30.62 0.92
4 7.1V 3.7V 5.9V 6.63 0.89 39.12 0.83

This table shows all the measured values for RUN 1. As you can see the value of the
Vs remains constant. As we toggle the switch of the resistor to the right, the voltage
across the capacitor VC is increasing while the voltage across the resistor VR is
VR
decreasing. For the values of R we used the formula R = observing the values
I
that we computed, the value of R is inversely proportional to the values of the current I
in other words, as the current increases the value of the resistance decreases.

Now for the value of the PT we used the formula PT = I VR after the computation of the
PT I can say it’s directly proportional to the current. Lastly for the values of the power
VR
factor P.F. we used the formula P.F =
VS
. As the voltage across the resistor VR
decreases the power factor also decreases.

RUN 2:

TABLE 4.2

TRIAL VS IT(mA) IR(mA) IC(mA) R(KΩ) PT(mW) P.F

1 6.92V 12.4 2.1 11.7 3.3 14.53 0.17
2 6.92V 13.5 2.5 11.7 2.77 17.3 0.19
3 6.92V 16.5 4.8 11.7 1.44 33.22 0.3
4 6.92V 19.1 7.7 11.7 0.9 53.28 0.4
This table shows the measured values for RUN 2.
As you can see the values of Vs and IC remains constant in this run. The IT and IR has
an increasing value.

VS
For the value of the resistance R we used the formula R = after the
IR
computation. As I observed the value of the resistance is increasing as the current IR
increases. For the PT we used the formula PT = IR VS the values of the PT is directly
proportional on the current across the resistor IR. Or as the current IR increases the PT
also increases. Lastly for the value of the power factor we used the formula P.F =
IR
the power factor is directly proportional to the IT and IR or as the IT and IR
IT
increases the power factor P.F. also increases.
GRAPHS:

RUN1:

Base on my observation the graph of the power factor vs. resistance for the run 1 is a
decreasing graph.
RUN2:
Unlike in the RUN 1, the graph of the power factor vs resistance in RUN 2 is an
increasing graph.
FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION:

At the end of this experiment I can say that we are able to familiarize the

relationship of the voltage and current in a series and parallel R-C circuits.

For RUN 1 I can conclude that the relationship between the voltages

across the resistor is directly proportional to the resistance because as the

Voltage VR decreases, the resistance also decreases. While the

relationship of the voltage across the resistor VR and total power PT is

inversely proportional to the PT, as the VR decreases the PT increases.

Lastly the relationship of the VR and power factor P.F. is directly

proportional to each other. For RUN 2 I can conclude that the current

across the resistor is directly proportional to the PT and the power factor

P.F. meaning as the current across the resistor increases the PT and P.F.

also increases. I can say that we successfully perform the experiment

because we meet the values that we expect to have.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Series RC Circuits. (n.d.). Retrieved January 31, 2017, from http://www.play-
hookey.com/ac_theory/randr/ac_rc_series.html

Parallel RC Circuits. (n.d.). Retrieved January 31, 2017, from http://www.play-

hookey.com/ac_theory/randr/ac_rc_parallel.html