1/8/2015

Webinar 6. Hydraulic Lift

Jet Pump & Piston Pump
Toby Pugh
Jan 13, 2015

Webinar Series
1. Introduction to Artificial Lift Aug 27 ’14
2. Reciprocating Rod Lift (RRL) Sep 23 ’14
3. Gas-Lift Oct 21 ’14
4. Progressing Cavity Pumping (PCP) Nov 19 ’14
5. Electrical Submersible Pumping (ESP) Dec 16 ’14
6. Hydraulic Lift: Jet Pump & Piston Pump Jan 13 ’15
7. Plunger Lift and Capillary Deliquification Feb 10 ’15
8. Production Optimization for Artificial Lift Mar 3 ‘15

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Lift Technologies by Energy Source

Plunger Foam Rod Hydraulic
Gas-Lift PCP ESP
Lift Lift Lift Lift

Leverage Well Energy Add Lifting Energy

Lift Technology by Lift Capacity

Plunger Foam Rod Hydraulic ESP
PCP Gas-Lift
Lift Lift Lift Lift

200 500 5000 6000 35000 60000 75000

Low Medium High

What is Hydraulic Lift?

The use of high pressure fluids pumped from
the surface to drive down-hole pumps.

Stock Tank or
Vessel for PF Triplex Prime
Supply Pump Mover
Electric, Diesel
or Gas

Spent
Power Fluid Power Fluid
& (PF)
Production

Hydraulic Jet or
Piston Pump

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What Type of Downhole Pumps?

Two types of downhole
hydraulic pumps

← Hydraulic Jet Pumps

→ Hydraulic Piston Pumps

Horizontal Wells (Jet or Piston)

Hydraulic Jet Pump Animation

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Free Pump Operation

How The Jet Pump Works

Secondary Flow Mixed Flow

PS
QS

Power PN Pd
Fluid QN Qt

High Velocity Core

Nozzle Throat Diffuser

How The Jet Pump Works

Pd
Power
Fluid
Pressure

Power
Fluid
Velocity
Nozzle Throat Diffuser

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Hydraulic Jet Pump Advantages

• Diversity of applications
• High volume
• Run and retrieve by circulation
or wireline
• Deviated wells
• No rods in tubing (no rod/tubing wear)
• Works extremely well with solids,
corrosive fluids, and high temperatures
• No moving parts downhole (no
mechanical wear)

Hydraulic Jet Pump Limitations

• Low efficiency
• Requires a high pressure
surface line for the power fluid
• Cannot “pump-off” a well

Jet Lift Application Considerations

Current
Typical Installations
Maximums*
Operating Depth 5,000 to 10,000’ TVD 20,000’ TVD
Operating Volume 300 to 1,000 BPD >35,000 BPD
Operating Temperature 100º to 250ºF 500ºF
0 to 90º Pump
Placement
Wellbore Deviation 0 to 20º Hole Angle
<45º/100’
Build Angle
Corrosion Handling Excellent
Gas Handling Good
Solids Handling Good
Fluid Gravity ≥6º API
Servicing Hydraulic or Wireline
Prime Mover Type Multi-cylinder or Electric
Offshore Application Excellent
System Efficiency 10% to 30%

*Special analysis required

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Nozzle/Throat Ratios
Volume/Pressure Relationships

A Ratio
Increasing Intake Area

C Ratio Lift

E Ratio

Volume

Jet Pump Efficiency Curves

R = area ratio

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0

Jet Pump Applications

• The well has stopped flowing
• De-watering gas wells (usually a coiled tubing jet)
• To boost production from wells
• When an existing gas-lift well is proving cost
prohibitive (i.e. the gas is depleting)
• When the casing is no longer a viable fluid flow
conduit (parallel/concentric installation required)

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Jet Pump Subsurface Equipment

15/16’’ DHJP 2.5 ’’ DHJP 7’’ DHJP

BHA

Standing
Valve

DHJP
Used at Up to Used at Up to 5,000+ BPD Used at Up to
500+ BPD 25,000+ BPD

Jet Pump / Tubing-Retrievable SSSV System

(China)

Jet Pump Assembly Bypass Line Standing Valve WellStar® Tubing Retrievable Safety Valve

Closed Position
Tubing To Surface

Power Fluid Produced Fluid Formation Fluid

Operating Position

Jet Pump / Wireline-Retrievable SSSV System

(Egypt)

Jet Pump Assembly Bypass Line X Lock FXE Wireline Retrievable Safety Valve X Lock Standing Valve

Tubing To Surface Closed Position Tubing To Packer

CN05700

Power Fluid Produced Fluid Formation Fluid

Operating Position

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Surface Jet Pump Installation

Flow
Wellhead Line

Jet Pumps for Frac Flow-back

• Freestyle pump and
portable surface unit
• 80% faster fluid recovery
versus nitrogen and
swabbing
– 1 to 3 days for small frac
volumes
– 1 to 3 weeks for larger frac
volumes > 15,000 BPD

Formation Powered Jet Pump

High pressure liquid from one
zone…
…can be the power fluid to
produce a lower pressure
zone. PLow

Packer

PHigh

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JEMS INSTALLATION GRAPH

Piston Pump Animation

Piston Pump/Engine Pressure Relationships

P/E = 1 P/E = 0.5 P/E = 2

1000 PSI 1000 PSI 1000 PSI

1,000 PSI 2,000 PSI 500 PSI

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Piston Pump Installation

Why PL-III Cannot Gas Lock

Hydraulic Piston Pump Operation

Double Displacement
Reciprocating Pump

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Hydraulic Piston Lift System Advantages

• Retrievable by circulation or
wireline
• Positive displacement – strong
drawdown
• Double-acting efficiency
• Good depth/volume capability to
over 15,000 ft.
• Deviated wells
• Multi-well production from single
surface package
• No rods in tubing

Heavy Oil Production and Hydraulic Pumps

Horse statuette presented to

Dresser Guiberson
(now Weatherford)
was carved from heavy crude
production in
Liao-He Oilfield in China.
Hydraulic pumps using heated
power fluid enables production
of the field.

Hydraulic Piston Lift System Limitations

• Solids
• Free gas (volumetric
efficiency)
• Volume ≤ 1000 BPD
• Requires service facilities
• Requires high-pressure
surface system

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Hydraulic Piston Lift Application Considerations

Typical Piston Pump Current Piston Pump
Installations Maximums*

Operating Depth 7,500 to 10,000’ TVD 17,000’ TVD

Operating Volume 50 to 500 BPD 4,000 BPD
Operating Temperature 100º to 250ºF 500ºF

0 to 90º Pump Placement

Wellbore Deviation 0 to 90º Landed Pump < 25º/100’ Build Angle
(Depending on Pump)

Corrosion Handling Good

Gas Handling Excellent (PL-III)
Solids Handling Poor
Fluid Gravity +/- 8º API
Servicing Hydraulic or Wireline
Prime Mover Type Multi-cylinder or Electric
Offshore Application Good
System Efficiency 40% to 50%
*Special analysis required

HSE Arrangements

Mechanical Safety
Electronics ESD Relief

Jet/Piston Lift Surveillance

Alarm

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Toby.Pugh@Weatherford.com
Rajan.Chokshi@Weatherford.com

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