Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Journalistic
Style Guide for
Public Releases
This supplement to the Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law is a
guide to help Air Force news editors with Air Force-unique words and phrases that the
AP Stylebook does not address.
Webster's New World College Dictionary shall be used for punctuation, spelling,
style and usage not covered in the AP Stylebook.
This supplement shall be used only after the above sources have been referenced.
December 2013
i
A
Academy Uppercase on second reference education, held for second lieutenants and
when referring to U.S. Air Force Academy. civilians at Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala.
ASBC is acceptable on second reference.
AFSO21 Air Force Smart Operations for
the 21st Century – AFSO21 acceptable on air and space expeditionary force
second reference (no space in AFSO21). AEF is the correct abbreviation and is
acceptable on second reference.
acronyms Limit use of acronyms based
on ease of communication, readability and air and space force Preferred term vs.
common sense as well as those uses aerospace force.
approved for first or subsequent reference by
the AP Stylebook and this style guide. air base Capitalize when used in
conjunction with a base: Misawa Air Base.
Generally introduce the acronym no more AB is acceptable in conjunction with a
than two sentences from the first spelling second reference to a base: Misawa AB. Do
out. not abbreviate in biographies.
1
Force Base. AFB is acceptable in
conjunction with a second reference to a Air Force Institute of Technology
base: Randolph AFB. A postgraduate school with headquarters at
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. The
Air Force capabilities Made possible school offers degrees in aeronautical,
by the Air Force core competencies. The astronautical and electrical engineering,
Air Force capabilities are: among others. AFIT is acceptable on second
air and space superiority. reference.
information superiority.
global attack. Air Force instruction With a specific
precision engagement. instruction: Air Force Instruction 35-101,
rapid global mobility. “Public Affairs Policies and Procedures.”
agile combat support. AFI is acceptable on second reference.
Ensure complete title is included on first
Air Force Center for Engineering reference.
and the Environment AFCEE is
acceptable on second reference. Air Force Junior ROTC Acceptable in
all references for Air Force Junior Reserve
Officer Training Corps. Junior ROTC is
Air Force chief of staff unless before a acceptable on second reference.
name Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Mark A.
Welsh III. CSAF is acceptable on second Air Force Link The obsolete name for
reference and in headlines. the official Air Force website
(http://www.af.mil). It is now referred to as
Air Force Communications AF (dot) mil or AF.mil
Agency obsolete name of the new Air
Force Network Integration Center. Air Force Museum Former (and
obsolete) name of the National Museum of
Air Force core competencies The the U.S. Air Force.
Air Force core competencies are:
Developing Airmen. Air Force Network Integration
Technology-to-warfighting. Center AFNIC is acceptable on second
Integrating operations. reference. It is the former Air Force
Communications Agency.
Air Force core values The Air Force
core values are: Air Force News Agency Obsolete
Integrity first. name for the Defense Media Activity.
Service before self. AFNEWS was merged with other service's
Excellence in all we do. news agencies in the 2005 BRAC. The
agency moved to Fort Meade, Md., in 2011.
Air Force Doctrine Center Obsolete
name for the LeMay Center for Doctrine Air Force Office of Special
Development and Education. Investigations AFOSI is acceptable on
second reference.
Air Force General Officer Matters
Office The military counterpart to the Air Air Force One An Air Force aircraft
Force Senior Executive Management carrying the president of the United States.
Office. AFGOMO is acceptable on second See the VC-25A Air Force One entry.
reference.
Air Force Organizational
Air Force Inspection Agency AFIA Excellence Award AFOEA is
is acceptable on second reference. acceptable on second reference.
2
Air Force Senior NCO Academy Do
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award not abbreviate. Preferred use is the academy
AFOUA is acceptable on second reference. on second reference. Use Air Force Senior
NCO Academy when distinguishing among
Air Force Personnel Center AFPC other academies in a story.
is acceptable on second reference.
Air Force Sergeants Association
Air Force Priorities AFSA is acceptable on second reference.
-- Continue to strengthen the Air Force
nuclear enterprise Air Force Space Command AFSPC
-- Partner with the joint and coalition team is acceptable on second reference.
to win today's fight
-- Develop and care for Airmen and their Air Force Special Operations
families Command AFSOC is acceptable on
-- Modernize air, space inventories, second reference.
organizations and training
-- Recapture acquisition excellence Air Force specialty code With a
specific code: Air Force Specialty Code
Air Force Recruiting Service AFRS 3NOX1, public affairs. AFSC or AFSC
is acceptable on second reference. 3NOX1 is acceptable on second reference.
Air Force Reserve There is no s after Air Force Weather Agency AFWA is
Reserve. Use reservist when referring to a acceptable on second reference.
member of the Air Force Reserve: She is an
Air Force reservist. He is in the Reserve. Air Force-wide
Note: If the discussion includes the Air
National Guard, then reserve is lowercase, Airman, Airmen Capitalized in all uses
as in air reserve components… except when used as part of a generic
reference to a rank or person or when U.S.
Air Force Reserve Command AFRC forces are mixed in with airmen of other
is acceptable on second reference. When countries: high year of tenure for senior
identifying a Reserve unit in a story or airmen or An airman 1st class was arrested.
caption, use “Air Force Reserve Command’s U.S. Air Force and South Korean airmen…
302nd Airlift Wing.”
Airman battle uniform ABU is
Air Force ROTC Acceptable in all acceptable on second reference.
references for Air Force Reserve Officer’s
Training Corps. Senior ROTC is not Airman leadership school Lowercase
acceptable. See also Air Force Junior unless preceded by the name of the
ROTC. installation: Lackland Air Force Base
Airman Leadership School or Lackland
Air Force Safety Center Do not use Airman Leadership School. ALS is
AFSC as an acronym for Air Force Safety acceptable on second reference.
Center. Preferred use is Air Force Safety
Center or the safety center on second
Airman magazine The correct name is
reference.
Airman, not Airman Magazine. It is Airman
magazine.
Air Force Senior Executive
Management Office The civilian
counterpart to the Air Force General Officer Air National Guard A reserve
Matters Office. component of the Air Force. ANG or Air
3
Guard is acceptable on second reference. him under observation until proper
Lower-case guardsmen. authorities arrive.
air station Capitalize when used in Army and Air Force Exchange
conjunction with a base: Izmir Air Station, Service AAFES is acceptable on second
Turkey. AS is acceptable on second reference.
reference in conjunction with a base: Izmir
AS. arrest Military legal term that does not
mean the actual taking of a person into
Air University AU is acceptable on custody. Arrest directs the person to remain
second reference. within certain specified limits and is
enforced by virtue of the person's moral and
Air War College AWC is acceptable on legal obligation to obey the order.
second reference.
Article 15, Articles 15
American Battle Monuments
Commission Established in 1923 in AWACS Acceptable in all references for
Washington, D.C., the commission airborne warning and control system. See E-
maintains all U.S. military cemeteries, 3 Sentry for aircraft description.
including those on foreign soil. Do not use
ABMC. Note: For all aircraft, upon first reference,
always use the letter-number designation
American Forces Radio and AND the official name of the aircraft, e.g.
Television Service Provides radio and B-52 Stratofortress. You will need to add it
television news, sports, information and parenthetically in quotes if not included by
entertainment programming to Department the speaker.
of Defense personnel and their family
members overseas or at sea where English-
language broadcast service is unavailable or
inadequate. AFRTS is acceptable on second
reference.
4
B
byline Tells the reader that the person
barracks An outdated term used only in a credited with the story has gathered most of
historical sense. Use dormitory. the information, heard the quotes unless they
are credited to a third listener and been
basic military training largely responsible for the form the story has
taken. A byline on a datelined story also
base exchange The Exchange is the tells the reader that the author gathered the
new official title of an Army and Air Force information at the location indicated. Note,
Exchange Service outlet. the exchange is only ONE person is listed in the byline box.
acceptable on second reference. Use The Additional reporters "contributed to this
Exchange at Lackland Air Force Base. story." Also, an entire office CANNOT be
the author. If an office or organization is
basic allowance for housing BAH is listed in the byline, move it to the end of the
acceptable on second reference. story as (Courtesy of the 60 Airlift Wing
Public Affairs Office)
basic allowance for subsistence
BAS is acceptable on second reference.
battle staff
beddown - noun
bed down - verb
5
C
Columbia - the university, the former
cadet See courtesy and military titles space shuttle, several cities and private-
entry. sector organizations
chaplain See courtesy and military titles combined task force CTF is
entry. acceptable on second reference.
chief master sgt. of the Air Force combined joint task force CJTF is
acceptable on second reference.
child care (n.), child-care (adj.) I
know a parent who is seeking child care. commander in chief Do not hyphenate.
She is a child-care provider. There is only one commander in chief of the
armed forces, the president. Do not use the
child-care giver, child-care term when referring to commanders of
provider A person trained and certified to unified commands.
take care of children.
commissary Lowercase unless preceded
chow hall Outdated term; use only in by the name of the installation: base
historical sense. Correct term is dining commissary, Langley Commissary.
facility. See mess hall entry.
Community College of the Air
Civil Air Patrol By federal law, the Civil Force CCAF is acceptable on second
Air Patrol is an official Air Force auxiliary. reference.
CAP is acceptable on second reference.
Common Access Card Capitalize as a
civilian personnel office CPO is proper noun. CAC is acceptable on second
acceptable on second reference. Lowercase reference. Do not use CAC card.
unless preceded by the name of the
installation: Barksdale Civilian Personnel company grade officer An officer
Office. below the rank of major. CGO is acceptable
on second reference.
Class A accident A military accident
that causes loss of life or at least $1 million company grade officers
of damage. association Term is plural, not
possessive — no apostrophe. Lowercase
CLEP test Acceptable in all references for unless preceded by the name of the
College Level Examination Program. installation: Offutt Company Grade Officers
Association. CGOA acceptable on 2nd
close of business Do not abbreviate. A reference.
specific time of closure is preferred.
Congressional (erroneous) Medal
coalition (it’s not a proper noun) of Honor See Medal of Honor Do
NOT use Congressional!!!!!
Colombia - the country
consecutive overseas tour COT is
acceptable on second reference.
6
headlines Military titles are not required in
CONUS Acceptable on second reference headlines.
for continental United States. Note: This
term in most military uses actually refers to judges Refer to a judge as judge, not as
the 48 contiguous states; the term’s origin Mr., Mrs., or Ms.
predates the admission of Alaska as a state.
pilot nicknames Pilot call signs or
core competencies See Air Force nicknames will not be used in news stories.
core competencies. Some may be deemed unsuitable for AF.Mil
so use none. If a full name cannot be used
core values See Air Force core values. because of security reasons, the rank and
first name can be used instead.
cost-of-living allowance COLA is
acceptable on second reference. retirees retired Brig. Gen. John Doe,
retired Master Sgt. Richard Roe. Not Brig.
counternarcotics Gen (Ret). Also, in accordance with AFI
36-3106, Air Force Retiree Activities,
retirees will be addressed by their retired
courtesy and military titles On first
grade (not Mr., Miss, or Ms.) except for
reference, use the appropriate courtesy or
those retirees who are currently employed
military title before the full name (see
by Civil Service while on duty. On second
notes). On second and subsequent reference,
and subsequent reference, use last name
use last name only.
only.
cadets Academy or ROTC cadets are
“Select” is not a rank – do not use Col. (Sel)
identified as Cadet Thomas Gaines on first
John Smith. The correct title is Lt. Col. John
reference. On second and subsequent
Smith.
reference, use last name only.
7
D
Dedicated crew chief ”dedicated” can
be misunderstood by civilians (of course DEROS Acceptable on second reference
they’re dedicated) so drop it and just go with for date of estimated return from overseas.
crew chief.
Desert combat uniform – DCU
Defense Base Closure and acceptable on second reference.
Realignment Commission – BRAC
acceptable on second reference. dining-in, dinings-in A formal dinner
for military members of a wing, unit or
Defense Commissary Agency organization held to promote unit cohesion
DeCA is acceptable on second reference. and morale. Capitalize when used with the
name of the base: The Randolph AFB
Defense Enrollment Eligibility Dining-In is today.
Reporting System DEERS is
acceptable on second reference. dining-out, dinings-out The
difference between a dining-in and a dining-
Defense Finance and Accounting out is that nonmilitary spouses, friends, and
Service DFAS is acceptable on second civilians may attend a dining-out. Capitalize
reference. when used with the name of the base: The
Randolph AFB Dining-Out is today.
Defense Intelligence Agency DIA is
acceptable on second reference. doctor See courtesy and military titles.
Department of Defense
Dependents Schools DODDS is
acceptable on second reference.
8
E
executive officer Commander's key
electronic countermeasures ECM is staff member. Avoid using XO or exec.
acceptable on second reference.
exercises Capitalize the names of
enlisted club Also known as the NCO exercises: Red Flag; Cope Thunder 04-02.
club. Note: The designated titles of clubs Capitalize "Exercise" only if it is part of the
differ across the Air Force. Use the official title.
appropriate title at the base being featured.
9
F
family member referring generically to a
service member’s spouse or child. When
referring to a specific person or people, use
husband, wife, son, daughter or children.
Avoid using dependent unless writing about
compensation or legal issues that require the
use of dependent.
firefighter
flightcrew
flightline
fly-by-wire
10
G
gate Capitalize when used with a number Gulf War Persian Gulf War is preferred
in reference to a specific entrance to the when referring to coalition military activities
base: They are at Gate 7. I will meet you at for Operation Desert Storm.
the Post Road gate.
See building, hangar and room entries. gunship A generic term for a type of
combat aircraft, like fighter or bomber. See
GBU guided bomb unit AC-130 entry.
Global Positioning System GPS is GWOT Do not use Global War on Terror
acceptable on second reference. or GWOT unless in a quote. The correct
phrase is war on terrorism
Gore-Tex A registered trademark of W.L. See war on terrorism
Gore & Associates, who make water-
resistant jackets for wear with the Airman
battle uniform.
government-owned vehicle
Preferred use is Air Force vehicle or
government vehicle in all references. The
acronym GOV should not be used.
11
H I J K
hail and farewell A social event that Gen. Jane Jones or Brig. Gen. Jane Jones,
welcomes new members of a military unit Air Force Material Command inspector
and honors departing ones. general.
hangar (not hanger!) Capitalize when instruction Capitalize and include the full
used with numbers to designate a particular title on first reference: Air Force Instruction
structure, such as Hangar 509. 36-2903, “Dress and Personal Appearance
See building, gate and room entries. of Air Force Personnel,” AFI is acceptable
on second reference when used with the
hazardous materials HAZMAT is number: AFI 36-2903. Preferred use is
acceptable on second reference. instruction in all other cases.
See manual and pamphlet entries.
headquarters Do not abbreviate except
when referring to a mailing address in the ISR Intelligence, surveillance and
body of a story. Do not turn into a verb as in reconnaissance. ISR is acceptable on
headquartered at. second reference.
here Do not use as a reference to a location jail The Air Force does not have jails. There
when the datelined location is Southwest are local and regional Air Force confinement
Asia or another region rather than a specific facilities; Department of Defense regional
location. See the entry in the AP Stylebook confinement facilities, and the U.S.
for more on minimizing the use of here. Disciplinary Barracks at the DOD level
located at Fort Leavenworth, Kan.
Humvee Acceptable in all references for
high-mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle. JDAM Acceptable on second reference for
joint direct attack munition.
ID card Acceptable in all references for
identification card. joint bases Spell out on first reference
(Joint Base Langley-Eustis). On second
identification Use articles (a, the) in reference use the Air Force base's name
identifying people to improve readability: alone. (Ex. Dr. Jack Sheppard visited Joint
Staff Sgt. John Smith, a loadmaster with the Base Langley-Eustis, Va. He was at Langley
99th Airlift Squadron; Col. Marvin Meeks, to promote good health.) Avoid using the
the commander of the 99th Bomb Wing; Air Force reference alone if possible by
Senior Airman Dan Dare of the 99th using the base, the installation, etc.
Maintenance Squadron. Do not use a style Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort
similar to signature blocks: Staff Sgt. John Worth, on second reference, will be Fort
Smith, loadmaster, 99th Airlift Squadron. Worth. AFRC's 10th AF and 301st Fighter
Wing are stationed there as well as the
IED Acceptable on second reference for Texas Air National Guard's 136th Airlift
improvised explosive device, but preferred to Wing.
this jargon when applicable is roadside
bomb. Joint Commands Even though they're
not acronyms, upper-case joint commands
inprocessing, outprocessing (PACOM, EUCOM, STRATCOM,
CENTCOM, etc.)
inspector general Lowercase unless
used as a proper military title: Air Force
Materiel Command Inspector General Brig. joint task force JTF is acceptable on
second reference. Lowercase unless used
12
with specific group, e.g. Joint Task Force -
Horn of Africa.
13
LMN
Congress,” it is often erroneously called the
LANTIRN Acceptable on first use for low- Congressional Medal of Honor. Don’t use
altitude navigation and targeting infrared “Congressional.” The official title is Medal
for night, but it should be spelled out of Honor. The MOH is never “won.”
somewhere in the story.
medical evacuation Avoid medevac
LGM-30 Minuteman III An except in direct quotes.
intercontinental ballistic missile. Minuteman
III missile is acceptable in all references. mess dress uniform Military uniform
for formal occasions.
load, unload Use instead of upload and
offload when referring to aircraft cargo ops. mess hall Outdated term; preferred term
is dining facility. See chow hall entry.
loadmaster
MIA Acceptable on second reference for
lodging Use in place of billeting. missing in action. Do not use as slang for
absent.
low-crawl Usually redundant; use crawl
alone unless a distinction with another kind See prisoner(s) of war entry in the
of crawling is needed. Associated Press Stylebook.
medals Do not capitalize unless used as MWR morale, welfare and recreation.
part of a proper noun. For example Air Outdated term; services is the preferred
Force Commendation Medal, Purple Heart, term.
Air Force Cross, Distinguished Service
Medal. 9/11 don't use a dash as in 9-11
Medal of Honor Because the citation National Museum of the U.S. Air
includes the phrase “in the name of Force Do not use Air Force Museum.
14
National Security Agency NSA is
acceptable on second reference.
no-fly zone
15
O
first reference. Agent is acceptable on
office Lowercase except when used in the second reference.
proper name: public affairs office; TSgt.
Dick Smith, the NCO in charge of the public operation Use on first reference only and
affairs office; 37th Training Wing Public capitalize when used with a specific
Affairs Office. operation: Operation Desert Storm,
Operation Southern Watch. Lowercase
officer in charge OIC is acceptable on when naming more than one. The aircraft
second reference. was used in operations Allied Force and
Desert Storm.
officer performance report OPR is
acceptable on second reference. See war entry.
16
P
pamphlet Capitalize and spell out the All photos must carry credit lines or the
proper name on first reference: Air Force disclaimer must state that all photos are U.S.
Pamphlet 166-27”Air Force Dietary Air Force photos unless otherwise noted.
Guidelines” was designed to improve a Placement may vary, but proper credit must
person’s eating habits. be given. Use a forward slash instead of the
word “by” between the agency and
AFP is acceptable on second reference when photographer’s name. Ex. (U.S. Air Force
used with the number: AFP 166-27. photo/Staff Sgt. Flash Gordon) All photos
Preferred use is pamphlet in all other cases. should have one of the following types of
credits: U.S. Air Force photo; Courtesy
See instruction and manual entries. photo; U.S. Air
17
Q R S
self-aid and buddy care Note that this
QDR Acceptable on second reference for phrase describes two types of care: that
Quadrennial Defense Review. applied to yourself and that given to another.
rank “Select” is not a rank. Use Brig. Gen. self-help (n., adj.) Self-help is open 8 to
Joe Jones, not Maj. Gen (Sel) Joe Jones. 10 a.m. Fridays. The self-help project ended
Tuesday.
RED HORSE Acceptable in all references
for Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Senior NCO Academy See the Air
Operations Repair Squadron Engineers. If Force Senior NCO Academy entry.
possible, explain the acronym in the story as
a secondary fact: RED HORSE stands for SERE Acceptable on second reference for
Rapid… survival, evasion, resistance and escape.
Airmen assigned to this career field are
re-enlist, re-enlistment specialists, not instructors.
18
He works at the 37th Mission Support
Squadron. He works at the mission support
squadron.
19
T
TRICARE A military health care program
tactical air control party Abbreviated with three options: TRICARE Prime,
TAC-P. See JTAC TRICARE Extra and TRICARE Standard.
For retirees on Medicare, there is TRICARE
TDY Acceptable in all references for for Life. Despite the fact that it is not an
temporary duty. acronym, officials filed the word with the
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office which has
Threatcon Outmoded term replaced by allowed them to require the word be used in
force protection condition.
the upper-case format (“without variation”).
3-volley rifle salute is what is seen at a It will always appear as TRICARE.
traditional military funeral. The rifle party,
often seven people, typically fire three 21-gun salute 21-gun salutes are
volleys in unison (this may be where the reserved for heads of state and almost
confusion with 21 comes from). 21-gun always involve artillery. What is seen at a
salutes are reserved for heads of state and traditional military funeral is a 3-volley rifle
almost always involve artillery. salute. The rifle party, often seven people,
typically fire three volleys in unison (this
may be where the confusion with 21 comes
Thunderbirds The Air Force precision- from).
flying demonstration team that flies red,
white and blue F-16s. Members of the
Thunderbirds make up the U.S. Air Force
Air Demonstration Squadron.
time-in-grade, time-in-service
20
U V
UCMJ Acceptable on second reference for
Uniform Code of Military Justice.
21
W X Y Z
war Capitalize when used as part of the
name for a specific war: the Civil War, the
Cold War, the War of 1812, World War II,
the Korean War, the Vietnam War, etc.
22
Combatant and major commands
Note: For all aircraft, upon first reference, C-40B/C No official name, it is the military
always use the letter-number designation AND version of the Boeing 737-700.
the official name of the aircraft, e.g. B-52
Stratofortress. You will need to add it C-5 Galaxy C-5 or Galaxy is acceptable on
parenthetically in quotes if not included by the second reference. The new C-5M is the Super
speaker. Galaxy.
B-1B Lancer B-1B or Lancer is acceptable on E-4B A military version of the Boeing 747-
second reference. 200, the aircraft serves as the National Airborne
Operations Center for national leaders in case of
B-2 Spirit B-2 or Spirit is acceptable on a national emergency or the destruction of
second reference. ground command centers.
B-52 Stratofortress B-52 or Stratofortress E-8C Joint STARS A modified Boeing 707
is acceptable on second reference. BUFF or with an air-to-ground surveillance system
other nicknames will not be used. designed to track ground targets in all weather
conditions. E-8C Joint STARS is acceptable on
C-130 Hercules The latest model is the C- first reference, but explain later that STARS
130J Super Hercules; E and H models remain in stands for Surveillance Target Attack Radar
the inventory. C-130 or Hercules is acceptable System.
on second reference. See also AC-130, EC-130,
HC-130, MC-130 and WC-130. EA-6B Prowler A Navy electronic-attack
aircraft that jams enemy radar, electronic data
C-17 Globemaster III C-17 or Globemaster links and communications. It is flown by Navy
is acceptable on second reference. and Air Force pilots in Navy squadrons.
C-20 No official name, it is the military version EC-130H Compass Call A modified C-130
of the Gulfstream III. used to jam enemy command-and-control
networks and suppress enemy air defenses.
C-21 No official name, it is the military version
of the Lear Jet 35A. EC-130J Commando Solo A modified C-
130 that conducts information operations,
C-32 No official name, it is a specially psychological operations and civil affairs
configured version of the Boeing 757-200 broadcasts in AM, FM, HF, TV and military
airliner. communications bands.
C-37A No official name, it is the military F-15 Eagle F-15 or Eagle is acceptable on
version of the Gulfstream V. second and subsequent references. Acceptable
for use with F-15C.
Combatant and major commands
MC-130P Combat Shadow A version of
F-15E Strike Eagle Not the same as the F- the C-130 Hercules.
15. F-15E or Strike Eagle is acceptable on
second ref. MH-53J Pave Low III, MH-53M Pave
Low IV A twin-turbine, heavy-lift helicopter
F-16 Fighting Falcon Do not use informal used for special operations and combat rescue.
“Viper.” F-16 or Fighting Falcon is acceptable The MH-53M Pave Low IV has advanced
on second reference. communications and avionics