01 Introduction To Well Completions PDF

Quartz1.
School for Well

Introduction to WellSite Supervisors
Completion
Module – 12
Well Completions
Schlumberger Private
Section – 1
Introduction to
Well Completion
Quartz School. Module 12: Well Completions / Section 1: Introduction to Well Completion
1/49
1. Introduction to Well Completion
Types of Wells and Completions
2/49
1. Introduction to Well Completions
Contents
y Completions in Vertical Wells

y Completions in Deviated Wells
y Horizontal Wells Completions
y Extended Reach Well Profile
y Multilateral Wells
y Intelligent Completions
3/49
Completions in Vertical Wellbore Profiles
yVertical wellbore
Cap rock
y No great productivity benefit
y May catch unwanted water or gas
y Preferred for fracturing Basement
4/49
Open Hole (Barefoot) Completions
y Conductor with open hole

y No ground water protection
Cap Rock
y Casing string with open hole

y Provides top-hole stability
Reservoir
y Liner with open hole
y Cross-flow protection
Open hole Gravel Pack
Completion Completion
5/49
Perforated Completions
y Casing or liner
y Without production tubing
Cap Rock
y Casing or liner with production tubing
y Production through tubing or annulus
y Casing or liner with tubing and packer Reservoir

y Production through tubing enables
flow control
Cemented Cemented
casing liner
6/49
Deviated Wellbore Profile
y Deviated wellbore
Cap rock
y Increased productivity
especially in thin
reservoirs
Basement
y Extends reach within
reservoir
y General
y 0 – 90 degrees
y Issues with Wireline/Slickline work beyond 65 degrees
7/49
Horizontal Well Completions
Horizontal wellbore
y Significant increase in productivity
y Reduced influence of skin
y Reduced influence on coning
Cap rock
Issues
y Depth Control
y Zonal Isolation
Water zone
y Flow Control
8/49
Extended Reach Well
Definition:
y A well in which the ratio of measured depth (MD) to true vertical
depth (TVD) is greater than 2.0
y A mega-reach well has a MD/TVD ratio of 3.0 or greater
y Hibernia - 2.05 Ratio

y BP Wytch Farm - 5.4 Ratio
9/49
Examples of Extended Reach Wells
1000
Wytch Farm
Oman
Angola Argentina
Foinhaven Gulfaks
2000 S. Italy
Valhal
Prudhoe
Dan Statfjord
3000
Dunlin
Magnus Hibernia
Alwyn
4000
Guida
Colombia
5000
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
10/49
Multilateral Wells
Ideal
y The definition of a multilateral well is:
y A well in which there is more than one
horizontal or near horizontal lateral well
drilled from a single main bore and
connected back to the same main bore.
11/49
Typical ML Well Trajectories
Multi branched Forked Laterals in Vertical Hole
Stacked Laterals Laterals in Horizontal Dual Opposing Laterals
12/49
Multilateral Nomenclature
Junction
Mainbore Lateral
13/49
First Multilateral
First Multilateral well was drilled in

Russia in 1953
y 9 lateral branches from the
main bore
y Increased exposure to the
pay zone by 5.5 times
y Increased production by 17
times
y Only increased capitol
expenditures by 1.5
times
14/49
Not Two Wells in One
Cost
y To be economical the Capex should be no greater than 50%
additional for each lateral
Production
y Will probably be between 30-60% improvement over a
horizontal well, not double
Economics
y Should improve by approximately 40%
15/49
Multilateral Advantages
Technical Advantages
y Increased reservoir exposure
y Increase in connectivity to the reservoir, to reduce water
coning, gas coning, and sanding potential
y More efficient exploitation of complex reservoirs
Economic Advantages
y No added cost for the main bore and surface equipment
y No additional slot use on an offshore platform
y Smaller platform due to decreased surface equipment
y Increase in recoverable reserves
16/49
Multilateral Disadvantages
Technical Disadvantages
y Well intervention is more complicated
y Reservoir monitoring is more complicated
y Increased drilling risks
y Increased problems to control the well while creating
additional laterals
y Increased debris
Economic Disadvantages
y Increased risk of losing the main bore and lower laterals
y Dependent on new technology
17/49
Technology Advancement of Multi Laterals

The objective of the TAML consortium is to promote the
efficient development and utilization of multilaterals
within the international petroleum industry, through
dialogue; information and technology exchange; and
collective sponsorship.
TAML Members
Schlumberger, Baker Hughes, BP-Amoco, Chevron,

Mobil, Norsk Hydro, Phillips, Saga, Shell, Smith, Sperry
Sun, Statoil, Texaco, TIW,Total, Weatherford, Well
Service Technology
18/49
TAML (Technology Advancement Multi Lateral) Definitions
• Open hole Main bore • Cased Main bore • Cased Main bore
• Open hole Lateral • Open hole Lateral • Mechanical Integrity
at Junction
RapidExclude Animation
• Cased Main bore • Cased Main bore • Cased Main bore

• Cemented Junction • Mechanical and • Mechanical and
Hydraulic Integrity Hydraulic Integrity
at Junction at Junction
through Casing through Junction
Packers construction
RapidSeal Animation
19/49
Intelligent Wells = Reservoir Monitoring & Control, RMC
Known in Schlumberger as “RMC Completion”

y RMC stands for: “Reservoir Monitoring & Control”
y Referred to by the industry as: “Intelligent Completions”
Definition of an RMC or Intelligent Completion is:
A completion system which can measure and selectively control
flow into or out from a specific wellbore or interval.
y Two Key Words

y Measure or Monitor
y Control
20/49
Reservoir Monitoring Control, RMC
Current Scenario
y Water Cut interferes with Oil Production
y Water and/or Gas
Gas
Production will limit total
Oil Recoveries to a
maximum of 35% of Oil
Oil in Place
Water
21/49
22/49
23/49
System Overview
Data Transmission
Reservoir
Management Data Acquisition
Power & Communication
Permanent Gauges
Flow Control Valves
24/49
Fundamental Requirements
y A completion system must provide a means of oil or gas

production which is:
y Safe
y e.g., well security, environment
y Efficient
y e.g., production objectives
y Economic
y e.g., cost vs. revenue
25/49
Completion – Definition
Definition:
y The methodology and technology required to produce
recoverable reserves (reservoir to surface).
Process:
y The design, selection and installation of tubulars, tools and
equipment, located in the wellbore, for the purpose of
conveying, pumping or controlling production (or injection)
fluids.
26/49
Completion History / Evolution
y 1300 Marco Polo – wells dug at Caspian Sea
y 1814 First naturally flowing oil well – 475 ft
y 1822 Rudimentary art of drilling established
y 1905 Casing cemented
y 1911 First gas lift device
y 1913 First dual completion
y 1926 First electric submersible pump
y 1933 First gun perforation job
y 1963 Commercial coiled tubing services introduced
27/49
Completions – The Last 25 Years
Over the past 25 years completion evolution has effected:

y Philosophy
y Technology
y Applications
y Safety
y Contingency
28/49
Completion Cost
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Operational Phase/Cost Category
yCompletion cost (relative) example for a 10,000 ft land well

29/49
Completion Design Factors
y Principal completion design factors include:

y Casing protection
y e.g., protection against erosion, corrosion
y Tubing string removal
y e.g., for replacement or workover for the live of the well
y Safety or contingency
y e.g., requirements for safety valves and well kill
y Production control
y e.g., components providing flexibility and control of production
(nipples, profiles and sliding sleeves
30/49
Basic Production Configurations
y Majority of completions are based on the following
completion configurations
y Reservoir interface
y Openhole
y Casing production
y Liner production
y Gravel pack wellbore
y Deviation
y Production conduit
y Suspended tubing
y Basic packer
y Packer and tailpipe
y Packer with additional safety and production devices
y Multiple Conduits
31/49
Open Hole Production
Key points
y No downhole flow
control or isolation
y Producing formation is
unsupported
y Casing provides
isolation between
shallower formations
32/49
Casing Production
Key points
y No downhole flow
control or isolation
y Casing provides
isolation between
shallower formations
with potential for
remedial work to isolate
sections of perforated
interval
33/49
Liner Production
Key points:
y Similar to casing
production but with
smaller (and shorter)
tubulars set through the
reservoir
34/49
Gravel Pack Wellbore
Key points:
y Special application -
requirement determined by
formation type
y May require special

operation (under reaming)
during well construction
phase
35/49
Gravel Pack - Screens
Wire wrapped Prepacked screen
screen
yGravel pack screen types

36/49
Simple Tubing Completion
Key features:
y Circulation capability
(well kill or kick-off)
y Improves hydraulic
performance
y Limited protection for

casing
37/49
Basic Packer Completion
Key features
y Tubing Anchoring
y Isolation of Production
Interval
(determined by design and
setting of packer)
y Casing string protected

from fluid and pressure
effects
38/49
Packer with Tailpipe
Key features
y Additional flexibility for
downhole production
(flow)control, e.g., plugs
y Facility for downhole

instruments (gauges)
39/49
Enhanced Packer Installation
Key features
y Improved flexibility for
downhole production
control, e.g., plugs
above or below packer
independent of packer
y Safety facility (SSSV)
40/49
Completion Examples
The following completion examples are extracted from

design files for:
y Single zone completions
y Multiple zone completions
y Liner completions
y Special completions
y Sand control
y Inhibitor injection
y Water flooding
y Thermal
y Remedial (scab liner)
41/49
Single Zone – Retrievable Packer
Key Features:
y Hydraulically set
y Tail-pipe facility for
pressure and temperature
gauges
y Fully retrievable
completion
y Packer can be set with
well flanged up
y Thru-tubing perforation
possible where size
permits
42/49
Single Zone – Seal-Bore Packer
Key Features:
y Seal-bore packer set on
electric-line or tubing
y On-off connector and

tubing anchor allows
tubing to be retrieved
y Tailpipe plugged and left

in wellbore or retrieved
with production tubing
43/49
Single Zone – Packer and Tailpipe
Key Features:
y Tailpipe plugged and left in
wellbore when production tubing is
retrieved
y Permits safe thru-tubing

perforating
y Block and kill system facilitates the

killing of high-pressure, high-flow
rate wells
44/49
Multiple Zones – 2 Zones 1 Packer
Key Features:
y Separate or commingled
production through single
tubing string
y Blast joint protection across

upper interval
y On-off connector and tubing

anchor permits tubing retrieval
with lower interval isolated
45/49
Multiple Zones – 2 Zones 2 Packers
Key Features:
y Independent production through

dual tubing strings
y Blast joint protection across upper
interval
y Both packers retrievable
y Tailpipe instrument facility on both

strings
y Thru-tubing perforation of lower

zone possible
46/49
Liner CSR
Key Features:
y Most simple liner hook-up
y CSR replaces packer
y Fluid circulation through

sliding sleeve above the liner
hanger
y Tailpipe retrieved with

production tubing
47/49
Monobore Completion
Key Features:
Safety valve
y Designed to meet
criteria for:
y appropriate production
rates
y flexibility/contingency
y safety Packer/hanger
y monitoring (reservoir assembly
management)
y longevity
Liner
48/49
Multi-Zone Completion
Hydraulic Control Line for
the TRSCSSV
Tubing Retreivable Surface Example of a Multi Zone Completion

Controled Subsurface Safety
Valve (TRSCSSV) using a Standard Configuration for
Hydraulic Control Line for
the ASV each Zone
(this can be repeated for any number of zones)
Annular Safety Valve (ASV)
System with Wet Disconnect
10 3/4 Casing
Gas Lift Mandrel
5-1/2 Production Tubing

Production Packer w/
TEC bypass
Tubing Encased
Conductor (TEC)
Flow Control Device w/

Isolation Cross Coupling Clamp Plug
Integral Pressure/
Packer w/ TEC
Temperature sensor
feedthru Venturi Flowmeter 9-5/8 Liner
Zone 1 Zone 2
49/49

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Quartz1.

School for Well

y Completions in Vertical Wells

y Conductor with open hole

y Casing string with open hole

y Casing or liner with tubing and packer Reservoir

y A well in which the ratio of measured depth (MD) to true vertical

y Hibernia - 2.05 Ratio

y A well in which there is more than one

Stacked Laterals Laterals in Horizontal Dual Opposing Laterals

First Multilateral well was drilled in

y 9 lateral branches from the

Technology Advancement of Multi Laterals

Schlumberger, Baker Hughes, BP-Amoco, Chevron,

• Cased Main bore • Cased Main bore • Cased Main bore

Known in Schlumberger as “RMC Completion”

y Two Key Words

Flow Control Valves

y A completion system must provide a means of oil or gas

Completions – The Last 25 Years

Over the past 25 years completion evolution has effected:

yCompletion cost (relative) example for a 10,000 ft land well

y Principal completion design factors include:

y May require special

yGravel pack screen types

y Limited protection for

y Casing string protected

y Facility for downhole

y Improved flexibility for

y Safety facility (SSSV)

The following completion examples are extracted from

y Seal-bore packer set on

y On-off connector and

y Tailpipe plugged and left

y Tailpipe plugged and left in

y Permits safe thru-tubing

y Block and kill system facilitates the

y Blast joint protection across

y On-off connector and tubing

y Independent production through

y Both packers retrievable

y Tailpipe instrument facility on both

y Thru-tubing perforation of lower

y Most simple liner hook-up

y Fluid circulation through

y Tailpipe retrieved with

Tubing Retreivable Surface Example of a Multi Zone Completion

Gas Lift Mandrel

5-1/2 Production Tubing

Flow Control Device w/

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