Leila Jade B.

Rueda BSTM 1-B

Introduction to Literature Assignment #1

1. Legend

- Legend is a genre of folklore that consists of a narrative featuring human actions perceived or believed both
by teller and listeners to have taken place within human history.

2. Myth

- Myth is a folklore genre consisting of narratives or stories that play a fundamental role in a society, such as
foundational tales or origin myths. The main characters in myths are usually gods, demigods or supernatural
humans.

3. Epic

- An epic is traditionally a genre of poetry, known as epic poetry. In modern terms, epic is often extended to
describing other art forms, such as epic theatre, films, music, novels, television series, and video games,
wherein the story has a theme of grandeur and heroism, just as in epic poetry.

4. Haiku

- A haiku is traditionally a Japanese poem consisting of three short lines that do not rhyme. The origins of
haiku poems can be traced back as far as the 9th century. A haiku is considered to be more than a type of
poem; it is a way of looking at the physical world and seeing something deeper, like the very nature of
existence. It should leave the reader with a strong feeling or impression.

5. Tanka

- Tanka poetry refers to a Japanese 31-syllable poem, traditionally written as a single, unbroken line. The word
"tanka" translates to "short song." Similar to haiku poetry, tanka poems have specific syllable requirements.

6. Sonnet

- A sonnet is a poem in a specific form which originated in Italy; Giacomo da Lentini is credited with its
invention.The term sonnet is derived from the Italian word sonetto (from Old Provençal sonet a little poem,
from son song, from Latin sonus a sound).

7. What is Short Story

-A short story is fictional work of prose that is shorter in length than a novel. Edgar Allan Poe, in his essay "The
Philosophy of Composition," said that a short story should be read in one sitting, anywhere from a half hour
to two hours. In contemporary fiction, a short story can range from 1,000 to 20,000 words.

8.What is Novel
- A novel is a relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally written in prose form, and which is typically
published as a book.The entire genre has been seen as having "a continuous and comprehensive history of
about two thousand years".

9. What is Narrative Poetry

- Narrative poetry is a form of poetry that tells a story, often making the voices of a narrator and
characters as well; the entire story is usually written in metered verse. Narrative poems do not need rhyme.

10. What is Ballad

- A ballad /ˈbæləd/ is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads derive from the medieval
French chanson balladée or ballade, which were originally "danced songs".

11-12. Give the Difference of Prose & Poetry

- Prose is all about accumulation (a morality of work), while poetry as it is practiced today is about the
isolation of feelings (an aesthetics of omission). Among other things, prose is principally an ethical project,
while poetry is amoral, a tampering with truths which the world of prose (and its naturalistic approach to
mimesis) takes for granted.

13. Figure of Speech

- A figure of speech or rhetorical figure[1] is figurative language in the form of a single word or phrase. It can
be a special repetition, arrangement or omission of words with literal meaning, or a phrase with a specialized
meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words.

14. Enumerate all the Figurative Language (30) and give an example.

*ALLITERATION - refers to the repetition of a consonant sound, at least three times in a sentence.

•Sara's seven sisters slept soundly in sand.

*ANASTROPHE - the inversion of the normal order of speech in a particular sentence. It can also be said that
the language is interrupted and speech takes a sudden turn.

•Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man.

*ANAPHORA - refers to a repetition of one particular word purposely, at the start of consecutive sentences
or paragraphs. This is again in order to emphasize a point.

•I'm not afraid to die. I'm not afraid to live. I'm not afraid to fail. I'm not afraid to succeed. I'm not afraid to
fall in love. I'm not afraid to be alone. I'm just afraid I might have to stop talking about myself for five minutes.

*ANTITHESIS - is defined as an opposition or contradiction between two concepts in a statement.

 •It rained all night the day I left, the weather it was dry, The sun so hot, I froze to death...

*ANTONOMASIA - refers to the substitution of a proper name with a phrase, which then becomes a way of
recognition for the person in question.

•The King of Pop - Michael Jackson •The Bard - William Shakespeare

*BRACHYOLOGY - is a rhetorical term for a concise or condensed form of expression in speech or writing.

•My very photogenic mother died in a freak accident (picnic, lightning) when I was three, and, save for a
pocket of warmth in the darkest past, nothing of her subsists within the hollows and dells of memory . .

*CACOPHONY - is the use of a combination of words with loud, harsh sounds—in reality as well as literature.

•He grunted and in a gruff voice said, “Give me that trash and I’ll throw it out!”

*CATAPHORA - is a figure of speech or literary device in which a pronoun or pro-verb used initially in a
sentence refers to an expression or subject which is used afterward.

•After she was assigned a polite and respectful writer, the girl became less nervous about buying an essay.

*EUPHEMISM - is the use of neutral language to remark something that may be offensive to the receiver.
Euphemism is often used by people who are diplomatic, and who wish to be politically correct.

•We have to let you go. Read: You're fired. •You're well fed. Read: You're fat.

*HYPERBOLE - is a figure of speech used for the purpose of exaggeration. It mainly forms the basis of several
jokes, is used as a way of insults, or could simply be used to dramatize a situation, where in reality, the
situation may not be that bad.

•I'm so busy trying to accomplish ten million things at once.

*IDIOM - is a figure of speech that is used to help express a situation with ease, but by using expressions that
are usually completely unrelated to the situation in question.

•It's no good crying over spilt milk. - This is an idiom that simply means there is no use regretting about
unfortunate events that have passed and cannot be changed.

*IRONY - refers to the use of certain words that actually intend to convey the opposite. Irony forms the basis
of sarcasm, and of humor. It is also a way of expressing the ugly truth in a slightly gentle manner.

•Bill Gates winning a computer. - Situational Irony (He is the owner of the world's largest software
company.)

•Having a fight with your best friend just before your birthday, and commenting -"Great, this is just what I
needed". - Verbal Irony (It is probably the worst thing that could happen before your birthday.)
 •In Romeo and Juliet, when Juliet is drugged, Romeo assumes her to be dead, and kills himself. Upon
waking up Juliet finds him dead, and kills herself. - Dramatic Irony (Mainly based on miscommunication and
misunderstanding.)

*ILLEISM - is referring to oneself in the third person.

•We are grateful for your gifts, good sir. •I am the king. He is displeased.

*LITOTES - refers to the use of understatement, to affirm a particular situation or event with the use of a
negative opposite.

•He was not unfamiliar with the work of Shakespeare. •Einstein is not a bad mathematician.

*METAPHOR - used for the purpose of comparison, a metaphor is a figure of speech that implies the
meaning of an object with its reference to another completely unrelated object.

•But my heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill.

*METONYMY - refers to the use of a phrase regarding an associated concept, in order to describe the actual
concept.

•The editorial page has always believed. - This refers to the belief of the editors who write the editorial
page.

*NOSISM - is referring to oneself in the plural.

•We are not amused. •We will now retire to one's repose.

*OXYMORON - uses a contradictory adjective to define an object, situation or event.

•Loners' club •A stripper's dressing room

*ONOMATOPOEIA - such words imitate the sounds made by certain objects or actions.

•The clatter of utensils.

•The flutter of birds.

*PARADOX - While an oxymoron is a contradictory phrase, a paradox is a contradictory statement which may
appear false, but is in fact true.

•War is peace. •Freedom is slavery. •Ignorance is strength.

*PARALIPSIS - used by people who do not wish to speak on a subject, but still manage to disclose it.

•It would be unseemly for me to dwell on Senator Kennedy's drinking problem, and too many have already
sensationalized his womanizing...
*PERSONIFICATION - refers to the art of bringing to life an inanimate object, trait, or action, by associating it
with a human quality.

•The picture in that magazine screamed for attention. •The carved pumpkin smiled at me.

*PUN - refer to the deliberate substitution of similar sounding words to create a humorous effect.

•I bet the butcher the other day that he couldn't reach the meat that was on the top shelf. He refused to
take the bet, saying that the steaks were too high.

*SIMILE - is similar to a metaphor. However, here, a reference between two concepts is made by using the
terms 'like' or 'as'.

•Cause she looks like a flower but she stings like a bee, Like every girl in history.

*SYNONYMIA - is the repetition of synonyms or synonymous phrases in order to emphasize.

•That is worthless, useless and of no value.

*TAPINOSIS - is the use of speech in understatement and making something smaller than it actually is.

•Yes, I know I saved the boy, but I didn't really think and anyone would have done the same.

*TAUTOLOGY - states the same thing twice in slightly different wording, or adds redundant and unnecessary
words.

•If we do not succeed, we run the risk of failure.

•Smoking can kill you, and if you’ve been killed, you’ve lost a very important part of your life.

*TRICOLON - is the use of three successive sentence parts of equal length and increasing power.

•We will fight! We will kill!! We will destroy!!

•I like her, love her, need her forever.

*UNDERSTATEMENT - occurs when something is said to make something appear less important or less
serious.

•It was interesting - referring to a bad or difficult experience.

*ZEUGMA - refers to the use of only one word to describe two actions or events. The word however,
logically applies only to one of the actions.

•She opened the door and her heart to the orphan.

•She lowered her standards by raising her glass, her courage, her eyes and his hopes.
15. Define Eulogy & Elegy

- A eulogy (from εὐλογία, eulogia, Classical Greek, eu for "well" or "true", logia for "words" or "text",
together for "praise") is a speech or writing in praise of a person(s) or thing(s), especially one who recently
died or retired or as a term of endearment.

- An elegy is a sad poem, usually written to commemorate an individual’s death. The term comes from the
Greek elegeia, which means “to lament.” Typically, one hears elegies at funerals; an obituary is the prose
equivalent.