Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Locher, T. (2012). List of Characters in the Odyssey with Description and Analysis. Retrieved from:
https://www.brighthubeducation.com/homework-help-literature/37948-characters-in-the-odyssey/
Mga Tauhan
1. ODYSSEUS - King of Ithaca–Odysseus displays the essential traits of an epic hero:
strength, nobility, confidence, courage, and the love of glory. He gains fame through his
intellect and cunning, using both to help the Greek army destroy Troy. As with all Homeric
heroes, Odysseus possesses hubris, or pride, which causes him to do really stupid things
Ipinakita ng Hari ng Ithaca – Odysseus ang mga mahahalagang katangian ng isang mahabang tula
na bayani: lakas, kadiliman, tiwala, katapangan, at pag-ibig ng kaluwalhatian. Nakakamit niya
ang katanyagan sa pamamagitan ng kanyang talino at tuso, gamit ang parehong upang
matulungan ang hukbo ng Greece na sirain si Troy. Tulad ng lahat ng mga bayani ng Homeric,
ang Odysseus ay nagtataglay ng hubris, o pagmamataas, na siyang dahilan kung bakit siya
gumawa ng mga talagang hangal na bagay.
2. PENELOPE - Odysseus’ faithful wife, Penelope is besieged by suitors, hoping to win her
hand in marriage and rule Ithaca. She proves herself as cunning as her husband, devising
several stratagems to delay her nuptials. She longs for Odysseus’ return and remains
faithful.
3. TELEMACHUS - Odysseus leaves for Troy shortly after his son Telemachus is born. The
Prince of Ithaca despises the suitors as they despise him. He aides Odysseus in the infamous
suitor slaughter.
Umalis si Odysseus para kay Troy makalipas ang ilang anak na si Telemachus. Kinamumuhian
ng Prinsipe ng Ithaca ang mga suitors habang kinamumuhian nila siya. Tinulungan niya si
Odysseus sa nakamamatay na pagpatay sa pagpatay
4. Athena: The goddess of wisdom and war favors and adores Odysseus. She advises him upon his
return to Ithaca. Although she doesn’t actively participate in the slaughter of the suitors, she does
transform Odysseus into a beggar so as not to be recognized initially. She establishes peace on the
island when the suitors’ parents react angrily.
The story begins ten years after the end of the Trojan War, the subject of the Iliad. All of the Greek
heroes except Odysseus have returned home. Odysseus languishes on the remote island Ogygia with
the goddess Calypso, who has fallen in love with him and refuses to let him leave. Meanwhile, a mob
of suitors is devouring his estate in Ithaca and courting his wife, Penelope, in hopes of taking over
his kingdom. His son, Telemachus, an infant when Odysseus left but now a young man, is helpless
to stop them. He has resigned himself to the likelihood that his father is dead.
With the consent of Zeus, Athena travels to Ithaca to speak with Telemachus. Assuming the form of
Odysseus’s old friend Mentes, Athena predicts that Odysseus is still alive and that he will soon
return to Ithaca. She advises Telemachus to call together the suitors and announce their
banishment from his father’s estate. She then tells him that he must make a journey to Pylos and
Sparta to ask for any news of his father. After this conversation, Telemachus encounters Penelope
in the suitors’ quarters, upset over a song that the court bard is singing. Like Homer with
the Iliad,the bard sings of the sufferings experienced by the Greeks on their return from Troy, and
his song makes the bereaved Penelope more miserable than she already is. To Penelope’s surprise,
Telemachus rebukes her. He reminds her that Odysseus isn’t the only Greek to not return from
Troy and that, if she doesn’t like the music in the men’s quarters, she should retire to her own
chamber and let him look after her interests among the suitors. He then gives the suitors notice that
he will hold an assembly the next day at which they will be ordered to leave his father’s estate.
Antinous and Eurymachus, two particularly defiant suitors, rebuke Telemachus and ask the
identity of the visitor with whom he has just been speaking. Although Telemachus suspects that his
visitor was a goddess in disguise, he tells them only that the man was a friend of his father.
Ang kuwento ay nagsisimula sampung taon pagkatapos ng pagtatapos ng Digmaang Trojan, ang paksa ng
Iliad. Ang lahat ng mga bayani ng Greek maliban kay Odysseus ay nakauwi na sa bahay. Si Odysseus ay
kumalma sa liblib na isla ng Ogygia kasama ang diyosa na si Calypso, na umibig sa kanya at tumanggi na
iwanan siya. Samantala, ang isang nagkakagulong mga tao ng suitors ay nasusunog ang kanyang ari-arian
sa Ithaca at pinagsisikapan ang kanyang asawang si Penelope, na inaasahan na kunin ang kanyang
kaharian. Ang kanyang anak na lalaki na si Telemachus, isang sanggol nang umalis si Odysseus ngunit
ngayon ay isang binata, ay walang magawa upang mapigilan sila. Ni-resign niya ang kanyang sarili sa
posibilidad na patay na ang kanyang ama. Sa pagsang-ayon ni Zeus, naglalakbay si Athena sa Ithaca
upang makipag-usap sa Telemachus. Sa pag-aakma ng anyo ng dating kaibigan ni Odysseus na si Mentes,
hinuhulaan ni Athena na buhay pa si Odysseus at siya ay babalik sa Ithaca. Pinayuhan niya si Telemachus
na tawagan ang mga suitors at ipahayag ang kanilang pagpapalayas mula sa pag-aari ng kanyang ama.
Sinabi niya sa kanya na dapat siyang gumawa ng paglalakbay sa Pylos at Sparta upang humiling ng
anumang mga balita ng kanyang ama. Matapos ang pag-uusap na ito, nakatagpo ng Telemachus si
Penelope sa mga tagpo ng mga suitors, nagalit sa isang awit na kinakanta ng bard ng korte. Tulad ni
Homer kasama ang Iliad, ang bard ay umaawit ng mga pagdurusa na naranasan ng mga Griego sa
kanilang pagbabalik mula kay Troy, at ang kanyang kanta ay ginagawang mas malungkot kaysa sa
nawawalang Penelope kaysa sa kanya. Sa pagtataka ni Penelope, pinagalitan siya ni Telemachus.
Ipinapaalala niya sa kanya na si Odysseus ay hindi lamang ang Griyego na hindi bumalik mula kay Troy
at iyon, kung hindi niya gusto ang musika sa mga panlalaki ng lalaki, dapat siyang magretiro sa kanyang
sariling silid at hayaan siyang alagaan ang kanyang mga interes sa mga suitors. Pagkatapos ay binigyan
niya ng pansin ang mga suitors na gagawa siya ng isang pagpupulong sa susunod na araw kung saan sila
ay inutusan na umalis sa ari ng kanyang ama. Antinous at Eurymachus, dalawang partikular na masungit
na suitors, sinaway ang Telemachus at tanungin ang pagkakakilanlan ng bisita kung kanino siya
nakikipag-usap. Bagaman pinaghihinalaang ni Telemachus na ang kanyang bisita ay isang diyos na hindi
magkakilala, sinabi lamang niya sa kanila na ang lalaki ay kaibigan ng kanyang ama.
TUNGGALIAN- https://www.sparknotes.com/lit/iliad/facts/
Agamemnon’s demand for Achilles’ war prize, the maiden Briseis, wounds Achilles’ pride;
Achilles’ consequent refusal to fight causes the Achaeans to suffer greatly in their battle against
the Trojans.
Ang hiniling ni Agamemnon para sa gantimpala ng digmaan ni Achilles, ang dalagang Briseis, ay
nasugatan ang pagmamalaki ni Achilles; Ang resulta ng pagtanggi ni Achilles na makipaglaban ang
mga Achaeans ay magdusa nang labis sa kanilang labanan laban sa mga Trojans.
RESOLUSYON - https://www.sparknotes.com/lit/iliad/facts/
The retreat of the Trojan army; Achilles’ revenge on Hector; the Achaeans’ desecration of Hector’s
corpse
Ang pag-urong ng hukbo ng Trojan; Paghihiganti ni Achilles kay Hector; ang pagkasira ng Achaeans
ng bangkay ni Hector
ILIAD
MGA TAUHAN
Achilles
Achilles is considered the greatest of Greek warriors. Son of the nymph Thetis and the hero
Peleus, Achilles is renowned for his fighting prowess and powerful emotions. Unable to contain
his Menin (god-like anger), Achilles takes out his wrath on the Greek forces by refusing to fight
and even asks for Zeus to favor the Trojans until the Greeks beg for his return to battle. The
swift runner refuses to fight until Hector kills Patroclus, Achilles' best friend, thus motivating
Achilles for revenge. Implacable in his desire for combat and unstoppable on the battlefield,
Achilles's fighting prowess is feared so heavily by the Trojans that they refuse to fight outside
their city walls while he is on the battlefield. Achilles commands the Myrmidons, an elite
fighting force from Phithia, Achilles' homeland where he is also king.
Ang Achilles ay itinuturing na pinakadakilang mga mandirigmang Greek. Anak ng nymph Thetis at ang
bayani na si Peleus, si Achilles ay kilala sa kanyang pakikipaglaban sa pagiging matalino at malakas na
emosyon. Hindi maipapaloob ang kanyang Menin (tulad ng diyos na galit), natapos ni Achilles ang
kanyang galit sa mga puwersang Griego sa pamamagitan ng pagtanggi na makipaglaban at humiling pa
kay Zeus na pabor sa mga Trojans hanggang sa humingi ang mga Griego ng kanyang pagbabalik sa
labanan. Tumatanggi ang matulin na manlalaban na labanan hanggang patayin ni Hector si Patroclus, ang
pinakamatalik na kaibigan ni Achilles, kaya pinupukaw ang paghihiganti kay Achilles. Hindi
maisakatuparan sa kanyang pagnanais para sa labanan at hindi mapigilan sa larangan ng digmaan, ang
katapangan ng pakikipaglaban ni Achilles ay kinatakutan nang labis ng mga Trojans na tumanggi silang
makipaglaban sa labas ng kanilang mga pader ng lungsod habang siya ay nasa larangan ng digmaan.
Inutusan ni Achilles ang Myrmidons, isang piling tao na labanan mula sa Phithia, ang tinubuang-bayan ni
Achilles kung saan siya ay hari din.
________________________________________
Agamemnon
Supreme commander of the Greek forces, Agamemnon is a powerful man commanding the
largest contingent of Greek forces from his city state of Mycenae. King of Mycenae,
Agamemnon helped organize the effort to sail to Troy after his brother's wife was stolen by
Paris. Men look to Agamemnon because he has a commanding presence and the ability to
speak well in council. He lacks discretion and wisdom, as evidenced by the fact that he sparks
Achilles' rage by stealing Achilles' timh' (a war prize symbolizing honor), a woman named
Briseis. Agamemnon pays for his folly by losing his best warrior for a few days in battle.
Agamemnon was the son of Atreus and is sometimes referred to as Atrides in the poem.
Menelaus is the original husband of Helen and the King of Sparta. Brother of the powerful
warlord Agamemnon, Menelaus relies on his brother's power in order to organize the war and
win his bride back. Menelaus is famous for his prowess in battle and his red hair. He nearly
defeats his mortal enemy Paris in a one-on-one duel in Book 3, but Aphrodite intervenes before
Menelaus can kill the outmatched Paris. Menelaus is the son of Atreus and is sometimes
referred to as Atrides in the poem.
Si Menelaus ay ang orihinal na asawa ni Helen at ang Hari ng Sparta. Kapatid ng malakas na warlord na
Agamemnon, si Menelaus ay umaasa sa kapangyarihan ng kanyang kapatid upang ayusin ang digmaan at
makuha ang kanyang nobya. Ang Menelaus ay sikat sa kanyang katapangan sa labanan at ang kanyang
pulang buhok. Halos talunin niya ang kanyang mortal na kaaway na Paris sa isang one-on-one tunggalian
sa Aklat 3, ngunit nakikialam si Aphrodite bago pa man patayin ni Menelaus ang outmatched Paris. Si
Menelaus ay anak ni Atreus at kung minsan ay tinutukoy bilang Atrides sa tula.
Trojan Characters
Hector
Hector is the supreme commander of the Trojan forces and the son of King Priam, the king of
Troy. Hector is Priam's favorite son and as such is next in line to succeed Priam on the throne.
Also the best warrior for the Trojans, Hector is looked to as the fearless leader of the Trojans
and is also seen as the scourge of the Greek army. Though powerful in battle, his courage
wavers at times, and he is a lesser warrior than both Achilles and Great Ajax. Nevertheless,
Hector represents piety and nobility for the Trojans; he is one of the few male characters seen
treating women gently in this poem, and his desire above all is to protect his home and family.
Hector ultimately dies by the spear of Achilles, and his body is defiled by being dragged behind
Achilles' chariot. Priam must recover Hector's body for final burial. Hector is commonly seen
as the final defense of Troy; soon after his death the city of Troy falls to the Greeks.
Si Hector ay ang kataas-taasang kumander ng mga pwersa ng Trojan at ang anak ni King Priam, ang hari
ng Troy. Si Hector ay paboritong anak ni Priam at sa gayon ay susunod sa linya upang magtagumpay si
Priam sa trono. Gayundin ang pinakamahusay na mandirigma para sa mga Trojans, si Hector ay tiningnan
bilang walang takot na pinuno ng mga Trojans at nakikita rin bilang isang salot ng tropang Greek. Kahit
na malakas sa labanan, ang kanyang katapangan ay lumilipas sa mga oras, at siya ay isang mas mababang
mandirigma kaysa sa parehong Achilles at Mahusay Ajax. Gayunpaman, si Hector ay kumakatawan sa
pagiging banal at marangal para sa mga Trojans; siya ay isa sa ilang mga character na lalaki na nakikita
na malinis ang pagtrato sa mga kababaihan sa tula na ito, at ang kanyang pagnanais higit sa lahat ay
protektahan ang kanyang tahanan at pamilya. Sa huli namatay si Hector sa pamamagitan ng sibat ni
Achilles, at ang kanyang katawan ay nadumhan sa pamamagitan ng pagkaladkad sa likuran ng karo ni
Achilles. Dapat makuha ng Priam ang katawan ni Hector para sa huling libing. Ang Hector ay karaniwang
nakikita bilang panghuling pagtatanggol kay Troy; sa lalong madaling panahon pagkatapos ng kanyang
kamatayan ang lungsod ng Troy ay nahuhulog sa mga Griego.
____________
____________________________
Paris
Paris, also a prince of Troy and son of Priam, is the warrior who, according to myth, started the
Trojan war by stealing Helen. Known more for his good looks than his fighting prowess, Paris
prefers to use the bow in battle, a weapon that was traditionally seen as cowardly. Paris is more
concerned with love than war, though at times he shows flashes of brilliance in battle. He most
notably wounds Diomedes in Book 11.
Ang Paris, na isang prinsipe din ni Troy at anak ni Priam, ay ang mandirigma na, ayon sa mito, ay
nagsimula ng digmaang Trojan sa pamamagitan ng pagnanakaw kay Helen. Mas kilala sa kanyang
mabuting hitsura kaysa sa kanyang pakikipaglaban sa katapangan, mas pinipili ng Paris na gamitin ang
bow sa labanan, isang sandata na ayon sa kaugalian ay nakikita bilang duwag. Ang Paris ay mas
nababahala sa pag-ibig kaysa sa digmaan, kahit na sa mga oras na ipinakita niya ang mga kidlat ng
kasanayan sa labanan. Karamihan siya sa mga sugat na Diomedes sa Aklat 11.
________________________________________
Priam
Priam is the king of Troy and father of more than fifty sons. The noble king is greatly
anguished over the war outside his city, though he harbors no resentment for Helen or his son
Paris. Priam heroically recovers Hector's body from Achilles in Book 24 so that the Trojans
may observe the proper funeral rights for their fallen hero.
Si Priam ang hari ng Troy at ama ng higit sa limampung anak. Ang marangal na hari ay labis na nagagalit
sa giyera sa labas ng kanyang lungsod, kahit na wala siyang sama ng loob kay Helen o sa kanyang anak
na si Paris. Mahusay na natatanggap ng Priam ang katawan ni Hector mula sa Achilles sa Aklat 24 upang
ang mga Trojans ay maaaring maobserbahan ang tamang mga karapatan sa libing para sa kanilang
nahulog na bayani.
Apollo sends a plague upon the Greek camp, causing the death of many soldiers. After ten days of
suffering, Achilles calls an assembly of the Achaean army and asks for a soothsayer to reveal the
cause of the plague. Calchas, a powerful seer, stands up and offers his services. Though he fears
retribution from Agamemnon, Calchas reveals the plague as a vengeful and strategic move by
Chryses and Apollo. Agamemnon flies into a rage and says that he will return Chryseis only if
Achilles gives him Briseis as compensation.
Agamemnon’s demand humiliates and infuriates the proud Achilles. The men argue, and Achilles
threatens to withdraw from battle and take his people, the Myrmidons, back home to Phthia.
Agamemnon threatens to go to Achilles’ tent in the army’s camp and take Briseis himself. Achilles
stands poised to draw his sword and kill the Achaean commander when the goddess Athena, sent
by Hera, the queen of the gods, appears to him and checks his anger. Athena’s guidance, along with
a speech by the wise advisor Nestor, finally succeeds in preventing the duel.
That night, Agamemnon puts Chryseis on a ship back to her father and sends heralds to have
Briseis escorted from Achilles’ tent. Achilles prays to his mother, the sea-nymph Thetis, to ask
Zeus, king of the gods, to punish the Achaeans. He relates to her the tale of his quarrel with
Agamemnon, and she promises to take the matter up with Zeus—who owes her a favor—as soon as
he returns from a thirteen-day period of feasting with the Aethiopians. Meanwhile, the Achaean
commander Odysseus is navigating the ship that Chryseis has boarded. When he lands, he returns
the maiden and makes sacrifices to Apollo. Chryses, overjoyed to see his daughter, prays to the god
to lift the plague from the Achaean camp. Apollo acknowledges his prayer, and Odysseus returns to
his comrades.
But the end of the plague on the Achaeans only marks the beginning of worse suffering. Ever since
his quarrel with Agamemnon, Achilles has refused to participate in battle, and, after twelve days,
Thetis makes her appeal to Zeus, as promised. Zeus is reluctant to help the Trojans, for his wife,
Hera, favors the Greeks, but he finally agrees. Hera becomes livid when she discovers that Zeus is
helping the Trojans, but her son Hephaestus persuades her not to plunge the gods into conflict over
the mortals.
TUNGGALIAN - https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/odyssey-what-conflict-resolution-
odysseus-revenge-228543
Odysseus and Telemachus are presented with terrible odds. Realizing that Odysseus is
actually the king, the men begin to offer their apologies, but Odysseus will have none. He
has decided to fight them, and the fight begins.
RESOLUSYON- https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/odyssey-what-conflict-
resolution-odysseus-revenge-228543
:Odysseus and Telemachus aided by Zeus and Athena defeat the entire room full of
suitors. Not a single man lives. Odysseus calls for the servants to get the death cleaned
out of the room before a woman, Penelope in particular, has the chance to see the
bloodbath that unfolded.
Sina Odysseus at Telemachus na tinulungan nina Zeus at Athena ay natalo ang buong silid na
puno ng mga suitors. Hindi isang tao ang nabubuhay. Nanawagan si Odysseus para sa mga
tagapaglingkod na linisin ang kamatayan sa labas ng silid bago ang isang babae, si Penelope
partikular, ay may pagkakataon na makita ang pagbulusok ng dugo na nabuksan.