STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF

VHF ANTENNA AT AAI

BY:-
JASKARAN JUNEJA
(MAHARAJA AGRASEN
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY)
 OBJECTIVE
 Study and analysis of Folded Dipole
Antenna used for VHF air to ground
communication.
AIRPORT AUTHORITY OF
INDIA
•The Airports Authority of India (AAI) under the
Ministry of Civil Aviation is responsible for creating,
upgrading, maintaining and managing civil aviation
infrastructure in India.
•It provides Air traffic management (ATM) services
over Indian airspace and adjoining oceanic areas.
• It also manages a total of 125 Airports, including
11 International Airports, 8 Customs Airports, 81
Domestic Airports and 25 Civil enclaves at Military
Airfields.
 FUNCTIONS
 Provision of Communication(VHF) and
Navigation aids, viz. ILS, DVOR, DME,
Radar etc.
 Design, Development, Operation and
Maintenance of airports.
 Control and Management of the Indian
airspace .
 Provision of passenger facilities and
information system at the passenger
terminals at airports.
 TOOLS AND REFERENCES
USED
 Ansys HFSS(High Frequency Simulation
Software).
 Antenna Theory (Constantine.A.Balanis).
 Parameters provided by AAI RCDU.
 ABOUT HFSS

 A 3D electromagnetic (EM) simulation

software
 Used for designing and simulating high-
frequency electronic products such as
antennas, antenna arrays, RF or microwave
components, high-speed interconnects,
filters, connectors, IC packages and printed
circuit boards.
 VERY HIGH FREQUENCY(VHF)

 VERY HIGH FREQUENCY is

the ITU designation for the range of radio
frequency waves from 30 to 300 (MHz),
with corresponding wavelengths of ten
meters to one meter.
 VHF FREQUENCY RANGE of AAI -
(117.975 - 136.975) MHz

 USERS - ATCO (Air Traffic Controllers),

Airlines/Defense Pilots.
 FUNCTIONS OF VHF UNIT OF AAI

 Providing radio communication between

ATCO and Aircraft.

 For analog TV, VHF transmission range is a

function of transmitter power, receiver
sensitivity, and distance to the horizon, since
VHF signals propagate under normal
conditions as a near line-of-
sight phenomenon.
 FACILITIES/COMPONENTS
AVAILABLE WITH VHF UNIT

 VHF Tx, Rx, and J -Controller /Tran

receiver.
 RCAG (Remote controlled Air to
Ground)
 DATIS (Digital Airport Terminal
Information Services)
 VCS (Voice Communication Control
System)
VHF TRANMITTER /RECIEVER
The Transmitter consists of six PCBs /
modules-

 Synthesizer module
 Audio &Control module
 RF PA module
 Filter / Coupler assembly
 Power supply module
 PSU regulation module
 DIPOLE ANTENNA
 The name 'di-pole' indicates that the dipole antenna
consists of two poles or items – two conductive
elements.
 Current flows in these two conductive elements and
the current and the associated voltage causes an
electromagnetic wave or radio signal to be radiated
outwards from the antenna.
 The half wave dipole is the most popular
version of the dipole antenna or aerial.
 The impedance for a half wave dipole
antenna in free space is dipole 73 Ω .
 Impedance matching with free space is
difficult.
FOLDED DIPOLE ANTENNA
Unequal Conductor Folded
Dipoles
 WHAT IS STACKING ?
 Two properly stacked antennas will bring in
about one-and-a-half times more signal voltage
than a single antenna; a stack of four can
almost double the signal voltage. Beyond eight,
there is no appreciable increase in signal
pickup.
 There are three reasons for stacking antennas
vertically:
 (1) To reduce signal fading from distant TV
stations;
 (2) To reduce airplane flutter;
 (3) To increase signal pickup.
STACKED FOLDED DIPOLE ANTENNA
HOW STACKING HELPS ?
 The increase in gain is due to the
reduction in beam width and it should be
noted that the beam width is reduced in
the plane of stacking only.
 HFSS DESIGNING FLOW
 Modeling the physical structure.
 Assigning excitation (Feeding the antenna).
 Defining Radiation Boundary .
 Adding Solution Set-Up .
( To Define Artificial Simulation Parametres)
 Adding Sweep Frequency .
 Creating Reports .
RESULTS OF FOLDED
DIPOLE ANTENNA
Radiation Pattern
RESULTS OF STACKED
DIPOLE
Radiation Pattern
CONCLUSION
The summer training with AIRPORT
AUTHORITY OF INDIA at Safdarjung
Airport has helped me understand the
great determination and hard work that
goes into keeping the airports functioning
and ensuring the safety of passengers
while also augmenting my knowledge. This
experience will no doubt go a long way in
shaping my career and life, and for this I
thank the men and women of AAI.