EMOTION & MOTIVATION

PSY 2217 - Assignment

Submitted To

Rezwana Sultana

Lecturer

United International University

Submitted By

Latifur Rahman Alvee

111 142 282

Section - D

DECEMBER 31, 2015

Psychology
 Table of Contents

The Reasons behind Selecting the Chapter ................................................................................ 1

Emotion .......................................................................................................................................... 2

Introduction:.............................................................................................................................................. 2

Components of Emotion: .......................................................................................................................... 2

Emotions We Are Running Through Every Time: ................................................................................... 3

Anger Management:.................................................................................................................................. 3

Motivation ...................................................................................................................................... 5

Introduction:.............................................................................................................................................. 5

Motivation Theories: ................................................................................................................................. 5

Instinct Approach: ................................................................................................................................. 5

Drive Reduction Approach: .................................................................................................................. 6

Incentive Approach: .............................................................................................................................. 6

Cognitive Approach: ............................................................................................................................. 6

Maslow’s Hierarchy Theory: ................................................................................................................ 7

My Learning, Experience, & Feelings regarding “Introduction to Psychology” ................... 8

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 Emotion & Motivation

The Reasons behind Selecting the Chapter

Everyone says I am too emotional. Is it really so? To examine it, I have chosen this chapter. At the
time of writing it, I have started feeling good about the topic which is a state of emotion also.
Moreover, this is the most interesting topic of all, to me. I personally feel that emotion motivates
our behavior. By my defense, these two work spontaneously often.
Sometimes we are motivated to do a thing which feels good to us. Say, if I experience a situation
which turned out negative, I will be motivated not to do that ever again. Similarly, there are more
reasons, I have found very important about emotion and motivation.
We meet emotion and motivation every time in our life. It is very important to understand a
person’s emotion to work with.
I am a business background student, if I talk about business people, it is very important to know
their emotional condition to deal with them.
I think emotion and motivation is the most common think that lies in every single human being. If
I think of other fields on psychology, I think they are interrelated to each other. Emotion comes
from experience what helps to build a memory first. Emotion motivates behavior – leads to
learning, developing personality, social development, dreaming etc.
At the time of working on this, I had been able to find myself in it that made me more curious and
powerful about the topic.
Lastly, I want to say, all of above, I think people need emotion and motivation in every sector in
theirs lives to move forward – was the reason behind choosing this chapter.

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 Emotion

Emotion
Introduction:
Emotion is a feeling that affects our behavior, which comes through our experiences in a certain
situation. First of all, let’s take a look at the photo given below,

Well, it is a poster of Disney’s new animated movie named “Inside Out 2015”. The film is set in
the mind of a young girl Riley, where five personified emotions—Joy, Sadness, Fear, Anger, and
Disgust - try to lead her through life as her parents move the family from Minnesota to San
Francisco and she has to adjust to her new life. It seemed very difficult for her for the first time
leaving all the old friends, old house and old places she used to have memories. But she learned to
cope with the new environment, place and people with the help of these 5 emotions in her head.
Just like this, we all are surrounded by emotions and deal with them almost every time.

Components of Emotion:
Before describing about it, I want to share my experience as an example,
I often feel, “I’ve nothing left to lose, I’m alone!” Why is that? I feel so sad, angry, frustrated and
alone, when I think of it. Think of what? First of all, I obviously have experienced something bad
or negative in my life and evaluated it through my vision, that’s how I can tell or I labeled it
negatively – is the first component of emotion, Experiencing and Labeling.
Something very bad happened in my life when I was in class IIX - a massive transition in my life.
Though I got used to it now and things are different now, but still when I close my eyes and that
makes me recall it, I feel there’s a lump in my throat at that moment. This kind of feelings awaken
biological reaction inside our body which can’t be seen from the outside is knows as Physiological
Arousal. Body creates sensation to it and starts reacting to that feeling – is the second component
of emotion.

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Emotion & Motivation
 Emotion

Maybe sometimes it cries me out loudly, tears falling down on my face – is a nonverbal expression
caused from this emotion state – is known as Overt Expression. My parents got divorced since
2008. Overt expression is the third component. Both verbal and nonverbal expressions are over
expression, which can be seen from the outside. Placing of words and tone of voice is verbal
expression and nonverbal expression includes facial expression, gesture, posture, eye contact etc.
Basically, emotion involves these 3 distinct components.

Emotions We Are Running Through Every Time:

Psychologist Ekman talked about 6 basic emotions that are universal in nature.

These emotions are independent and the most basic ones. Other psychologists said, sometimes
these of two or three construct a dependent emotion, like surprise + fear = anxiety. I get anxious
every time when I hear my father wants to take me with him from my mother, because I don’t
want to go. Human life is surrounded by full of emotions. They feel cheerful, excited, angry,
ashamed, depressed etc.
Anger Management:

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Emotion & Motivation
 Emotion

Look at the poster of “Inside Out Family’, everyone is burning marshmallows in the fire of Anger’s
head. That’s how they kind of managing Anger’s anger.
More or less we go through with anger when we are not satisfied with the activity of others or
when others do something wrong. But some anger is not really good for health, such as holding on
a grudge. It only kills that person whoever is holding this. My father left us for some other girl in
2004, that doesn’t kill me, moreover I’m very grateful to Allah not seeing my mom got beaten up
anymore, but I get very angry when I remember how could he leave his a four months baby! Yes
I am talking about my little brother and this hunts me with anger every time.
Now I know about empty chair concept which is used for controlling the anger under the step
Fantasize about Getting Even but Don’t Act on It. I didn’t know about this concept before this
psychology course but I used to have conversations to mirror when I went to washroom and felt
angry and sad. It did and does help me every time I do it but I had been doing it without knowing
anything about the concept but I think it is very similar to empty chair concept.
Maybe there are some other ways to manage anger like Looking at the Situation from the
Perspective of Others and Practice Relaxation Skills, but I don’t find any reasonable causes behind
it that will support my father or maybe there can be few but it’s not possible to discuss about it
here as example, it will take time to describe.
I listen to music when I grow angry a lot and often go to cycling to control this anger. There are
some more Relaxation Skills I used to do when my faith shakes, like claiming myself “Alvee,
everything will be alright!”
But I grew a dependency on mirror talking. By imagining myself in the mirror reflection as my
father, I share and yell everything at him which has made me lose touch with reality when I really
need to talk to him something very important, I make it finished talking to the mirror. Actually I
used to practice about how to face my father. After it I didn’t feel like facing my father as I used
to feel very light but now that I know it grew dependency which is not helping me out rather
making my words unspoken to him.

Emotion is something that undeniably influences our daily life. All the negative emotions distract
us from work, disrupt our concentration, influence our mood, change our behaviors, demotivate to
do something important to do at this moment, and create stress often etc. along with positive
emotions. So it is very important to know to control it in crucial situations.

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Emotion & Motivation
 Motivation

Motivation
Introduction:
Motivation is some factors that inspire a person to behave in a particular way. When we are hungry,
we go to the refrigerator and have some food. Well, why do we even do that? It’s because hunger
feeling motivates as to go to there and get some food, that’s how motivation works actually. Let
me draw an interesting fact, I am sitting next to my laptop and typing on it for my psychology
assignment. I wouldn’t be supposed to do that, if I didn’t have the assignment for the subject. I am
motivated to do it now.
Human beings are motivated to do anything. It is a part of our lives. What we do, we do on
purpose/s, whether we study as we need a better grade, we go to sleep as we feel tired, we drink
water as we feel thirsty or we even watch movie as we like doing so. These factors – grade, tired,
thirsty, even something that we like doing for us – energize our behavior to do those stuffs.

Motivation Theories:

Is that donkey chasing after a carrot? What a foolish donkey! Well, more or less, we all know
about the story of the donkey and carrot which is known as “Carrot and Stick” – an approach to
carry bags and stuffs on it by fooling it around with a carrot. We know donkeys are stupid and
foolish, but have we ever thought of that donkey why it does so? When it sees, someone moves
the carrot away, why does it still chase after it? Maybe it is hungry or it likes eating carrots very
much or carrot looks delicious to it but we can say, actually this donkey is or is being motivated
to behave so. So carrot is working as a reward, drive, instinct or it can be anything for it for sure.
I’ve just drawn an example what I really feel the motivation is all about, now let’s get into the
approaches behind it.
Instinct Approach:
Human beings are born to be motivated. They have preprogrammed set of behavior in them.
According to Wikipedia, instinct is an innate, typically fixed pattern of behavior in animals in
response to certain stimuli. Basically, instinct behavior is shown for survival factors, for example,

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 Motivation

when a newly married couple decides to have a baby, they have sex which is instinct of
reproduction. Just like this there are 5,759 distinct instinct exists according to Bernard. Animal
instincts are more clearly seen because they do everything for surviving.
Drive Reduction Approach:
Yesterday I was late for morning class and I left home without having breakfast. After a 1 hour 20
minutes class, I went for teaching my student, whole of the time I was hungry and felt very
uncomforted to work. I was waiting I would be able to take something in my mouth. When I
finished, I got home as soon as possible and had lunch.
Well, this approach is about lack of something or anything that makes people uncomfortable and
motivate to reduce that immediately – the thing I did when I got home – reduced my biological
need – hunger – is a primary drive. But in last trimester, my friend achieved GPA 4 out of 4 what
has made me very jealous, that is why I’m trying my best to gain that grade this time – is a
secondary drive.
Incentive Approach:
After having lunch in afternoon, I got to know we have ice cream in fridge, and my little brother
was having it. I couldn’t resist even though my stomach was full. I knew I wasn’t able to even
have a nibble of it but I was dying to have one as ice cream is always yummy! Later on, I had it.
Why would I do that when I my stomach was full? Well, the appearance of ice cream motivated
me to taste it.
Here ice cream worked as reward, so it can be anything appealing. Thus incentive pulls us toward
the reward.
Some psychologist suggests, incentive and drive work together sometimes. I agree to it. Last
month, I along with my friends had a lunch dinner at a restaurant and one of my friends ordered
for roasted crab. I thought I would taste it as I hadn’t eaten crab before but after seeing the dish, I
couldn’t even try even if I was hungry. Later in I ate my one when it arrived. So it did work on
me.
Incentive Drive

Pull Push
Cognitive Approach:
I meet this approach every day. Let me exemplify to discuss it, it works in two ways – intrinsic
and extrinsic. When help my friends with study, that I do unconditionally, I don’t ask for anything
in return – intrinsic but when I teach my student, I do it for money, a reward – extrinsic.

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Emotion & Motivation
 Motivation

Maslow’s Hierarchy Theory:

The illustration has described everything already. Physiological needs are basic needs. Basic needs
contain all the primary drives. Physiological and safety needs are known as lower-order needs, and
the rest of are known as higher-order needs.
Since Maslow suggested that people have to fulfil all the primary needs to meet up the self-
actualization, there are criticism about it. Other psychologists stated that ordering needs not to
maintain necessarily, and self-actualization is one’s own satisfaction, for example, I am self-
actualized. Sounds crazy, right? Well, yes, I am! I am a good student and I have a good grade in
my previous trimesters. I have been achieving scholarship almost in all the trimesters – all these
factors make me feel complete. I did meet the other stages except love and belongings. I love my
family but I am yet to be a contributing member of my family. Sometimes, I go ups and down with
my needs for self-actualized. In last trimester I got only 50% scholarship it’s because I had lack of
confidence in the esteem stage of needs. That’s how it goes all the time.
It is a very sophisticated level of needs, and a very demanding approach to motivation.

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Emotion & Motivation
 My Learning, Experience, & Feelings regarding “Introduction to
Psychology”

Personally I have had so many problems in my life that were not in my concern. Psychology has
helped me to introduce me to those and has helped to know about me. I never had given time to
know me before but psychology is the first subject which helped me to explore my inner Alvee,
my feelings, my problems, my emotions, my personality, my behavior, my conscious and
unconscious mind, my life style, my mental ability and many more that I cannot even count. In
one word, psychology opened my eyes towards so my unseen things I used to do and have.
I have learned a great deal to psychology. I used to spend my time in fantasizing. I’ve come to a
control daydreaming. I was very scared of dark, when I went to sleep, I felt very nervous and scary
about ghosts would haunt me. Sleeping better techniques has helped me sleep fast. Now I know,
to recall a memory, what I need to do.
Theory regarding 3 types of minds of Sigmund Freud has influenced my behavior regarding
unconscious mind. As per my opinion and experience, young adult age is the very bad age for
biological drives. I hardly found it to suppress my sex drive as it lies almost every time in my
unconscious mind but before knowing about it, I used to force myself not to think of it which
turned out to be very unhealthy and at a time suffocation for me but now I have learned to deal
with it in a healthy way though I fail sometimes.
I am a person who is naturally motivated by every reinforcement. I have learned to control my
emotions and stress. My life is full of stressors but now I am able to cope with it. My permissive
behavior used to push me toward stress in every decision I used to take or do. I did not know about
Id, Ego, & Superego and I got to balance my Id and Superego thinking of Ego.
I think I cannot be able to show how I experienced and learned from “Introduction to Psychology”
but after being introduced, my feelings about it is to regret because if I had known that psychology
had been a very interesting subject, I would have chosen to be a psychologist rather than going for
business.

Thank You