17/10/2018 Chayvo field | Sakhalin-1

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Chayvo field

The Chayvo field was initially developed using both onshore (Yastreb) and
offshore (Orlan) drilling facilities. While the Orlan platform has been in
continuous operation there, the Yastreb drilling rig was dismantled and moved
to the Odoptu field in July 2008. After successfully completing the Odoptu First
Stage Production drilling program in February 2011, the Yastreb is currently
being relocated back to Chayvo to resume development of the field.

Onshore Yastreb rig

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The Yastreb rig was engineered exclusively for Sakhalin-1 and is one of the most
powerful land rigs in the industry. It is designed to drill extended reach wells to
offshore targets from land-based locations.

Extended reach drilling (ERD) technology reduces the high capital and operating
costs of large offshore structures while minimizing environmental impact to
sensitive near shore areas.

The initial drilling program at Chayvo was completed in 2008 with a total of 20
ERD wells drilled, setting world records in depth, horizontal reach and drilling
speed.

The Yastreb was then dismantled, modified and transported to the Odotpu field
where it was utilized in yet another world record setting drilling program from
May 2009 to February 2011.

In March 2011, workers began once again dismantling and transporting the
Yastreb rig back to the Chayvo field where it is scheduled to resume drilling
operations in early 2012.

Offshore Orlan platform

The Orlan platform is being used to develop the southwestern flank of the main
Chayvo zone from offshore. This reinforced-concrete substructure can easily
withstand pressure from gigantic ice ridges that can reach as high as a six story
building.

Installation of the Orlan platform was completed in July 2005 and drilling
operations commenced in December 2005. Offshore processing facilities are

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minimal, with a full well stream sent to shore for further processing at the
Chayvo Onshore Processing Facility.

Drilling operations on the Orlan platform were completed with a total of 21

wells drilled. Most of the Orlan wells are in the 5.5 kilometer range, with the
longest well drilled measuring 7.5 kilometers long.

Onshore processing facility

Oil and gas produced from the Sakhalin-1 fields is transported to the Chayvo
Onshore Processing Facility (OPF), which stabilizes oil for shipment to the
international market and gas for supply to the Russian domestic market or
reinjection to the field to maintain reservoir pressure.

The OPF's capacity is approximately 34,000 metric tons (250,000 barrels) of oil
and 22.4 million cubic meters (800 million cubic feet) of gas per day.

To construct the OPF a modular approach was used, which helped cut costs
significantly and saved at least 18 months of construction time. In less than three
years the OPF team had fabricated 36 modules weighing a total of some 40,000
tons, completed two major sea-lifts and off-loads at Chayvo, hooked up the
modules and completed plant commissioning and startup.

Oil transportation system

Sakhalin-1's oil transportation system was commissioned in August 2006.

Construction was completed on a 226 kilometer (140 mile) pipeline to transport
crude from the onshore processing facility across Sakhalin Island and the Tatar

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Strait to the De-Kastri Terminal in Russia's Khabarovsk Krai. Tanker loading

operations began at De-Kastri in September 2006.

The De-Kastri Terminal includes two 100,000 cubic meters (650,000 barrel)
capacity storage tanks to hold the Sakhalin-1 crude oil prior to tanker transfer
and shipment. Then the crude is transported via a sub-sea loading line to the
single point mooring facility, which is located 5.7 kilometers east of the Klykov
Peninsula in Chikhacheva Bay.

A dedicated fleet of double-hulled Aframax-class tankers carrying up to 100,000

tons (720,000 barrels) of crude is used for export of crude oil from the De-Kastri
Terminal to world markets. Sakhalin-1 was the first project to successfully
operate tankers year-round in the sub-arctic conditions of Russia's Far East.

In November 2009, the De-Kastri Terminal was named Terminal of the Year 2009
at the Oil Terminal Conference in St. Petersburg. This prestigious award was
voted on by top industry experts and government officials and granted to the
international terminal achieving the best results in terms of the efficiency of its
operations in such areas as: economics, environmental, and social.

As of July 2011, the Sakhalin-1 Consortium has uploaded over 400 tankers from
the De-Kastri Terminal without a single offshore spill incident.

Chayvo phase 2

Future project plans call for the expanded development of Chayvo natural gas
resources that are not associated with current oil production.

These development plans will require the drilling of additional gas wells and the
expansion of existing onshore and offshore facilities.

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This project would allow for expanded gas sales to domestic and export
markets.

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