Exams 2010 2013 2015 Questions and Answers

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Exams 2010, 2013-2015, questions and answers
Differential Equations for Engineers and Scientists (University Of Calgary)
Distributing prohibited | Downloaded by Ian Christopher Roman III (eiicy96x@gmail.com)

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University of Calgary
Department of Mathematics & Statistics
MIDTERM - Fall semester, 2010
Monday October 25, 2010
Time: 13:00-13:55 Place: ICT 114
Calculators and tables are not allowed.
I.D. # Name (First/Second)
Good luck!
Part A. Show your work.
1. (20%) Find the general solution of the equation
y 00 − 3y 0 + 2y = 2x2 .
2. (16%) Find the general solution of the equation

y 0 − 3y = y 2

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Part B. Choose the correct answer (there is only one correct answer). Each correct answer
is 7%.
1. Let the general solution of the equation be y = Ce2x + 1. Then the solution of the
initial value problem for this equation with the initial condition y(0) = 3 is
a) y = e2x + 1;
b) y = 2e2x + 1;
c) y = 1;
d) y = e2x + 2;
e) there is no solution of the equation satisfying this initial condition.
2. For which α and β will the equation

2xα y β + 3x2 y 2 + cos(y) y 0 = 0
be exact?
a) α = 0 and any β;
b) any α and β;
c) α = 2, β = 2;
d) α = 1, β = 3;
e) any α, β = 3.
3. For α and β such that the equation

2xα y β + 3x2 y 2 + cos(y) y 0 = 0
is exact the general solution is

a) xα y 3 + sin(y) = C;
b) 2x2 y 3 − sin(y) = C;
c) x2 y β + sin(y) = C;
d) 6xy 2 + x sin(y) = C;
e) x2 y 3 − sin(y) = C.
4. Functions y1 = x2 and y2 = x3 are solutions of the linear equation
a(x)y 00 (x) + b(x)y 0 + c(x) = 0.
Then the Wronskian of this equation is

a) Cx5 ;
b) Cx;
c) Cx2 ;
d) Cx3 ;
e) Cx4 .

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5. The general solution of the equation
y 00 + 4y 0 + 8y = 0
is
a) y = e−2x (C1 cos(2x) + C2 sin(2x));
b) y = C1 e2x + C2 e−2x ;
c) y = C1 e−2x + C2 xe−2x ;
d) y = C1 e−4x + C2 ;
e) y = C1 e−2x + C2 e−2x .
6. A particular solution of the equation
y 00 − 5y 0 + 6y = 3xe2x
by the method of undetermined coefficients should be sought in the form

a) y = Axe2x ;
b) y = x(Ax + B)e2x ;
c) y = Ax2 e2x ;
d) y = (Ax + B)e2x ;
e) y = Ae2x .
7. The function y = xe−2x is a solution of the equation
y 00 + by 0 + cy = 0
a) for b = c = 2 only;
b) for any c = 4 − 2b;
c) for b = c = 4 only;
d) for b = 2, c = 4 only;
e) never.
8. The solution of the initial value problem
y 0 = (x2 + 5x + 7)(y − 2)(y − 5), y(0) = 3
a) is unbounded;
b) becomes negative for x large enough;
c) satisfies y(x) = 10 for some x;
d) satisfies 2 < y(x) < 5 for any x;
e) is identically equal to 3.
END OF THE MIDTERM TEST

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Department of Mathematics & Statistics

AMAT 311 MIDTERM - Monday October 25, 2010
Answers, Hints, Solutions
Part A. Show your work.
1. (20%) Find the general solution of the equation y 00 − 3y 0 + 2y = 2x2 .
Solution. The characteristic equation r2 − 3r + 2 = 0 has roots r1 = 2 and r2 = 2, so the
general solution of the homogeneous equation is y = C1 ex + C2 e2x . None of the roots is zero,
so we look for a particular solution in the form y = Ax2 + Bx + C, y 0 = 2Ax + B, y 00 = 2A.
Substitution in the equation gives 2A − 6Ax − 3B + 2Ax2 + 2Bx + 2C = 2x2 , the comparison
of coefficients gives 2A = 2, −6A + 2B = 0, 2A − 3B + 2C = 0, so A = 1, B = 3A = 3,
C = −A + 1.5B = 3.5, the particular solution is x2 + 3x + 3.5 and the general solution is
y = C1 ex + C2 e2x + x2 + 3x + 3.5.
2. (16%) Find the general solution of the equation y 0 − 3y = y 2 .

Solution. This is a Bernoulli equation, it can be rewritten as y 0 /y 2 − 3/y = 1; after the sub-
stitution z = 1/y, z 0 = −y/y 2 we have the linear equation −z 0 − 3z = 1. The complementary
equation −z 0 − 3z = 0 has the solution z = Ce−3x . Assuming C = u(x) we have
−z 0 − 3z = −u0 e−3x + 3ue−3x − 3ue3x = −u0 e−3x = 1,
thus u0 = −e3x and u(x) = −1/3e3x + C, so the general solution is
1 1 1
z = u(x)e−3x = Ce−3x − ⇒y= = −3x
.
3 z Ce − 1/3
Remark. This equation is also separable: y 0 = y(3 + y), so
" #
Z
dy Z
1 1 1 1 y Z
= − dy = ln = dx = x + C1 ,
y(3 + y) 3 y y+3 3 y + 3
which can be rewritten as
1/3
y y 3Ce3x 1 1
= C2 ex ⇒ = C3 e3x ⇒ y = − = = .

3x−1 −3x − 1/3 −3x − 1/3

y + 3 y+3 C3 e 1/C3 e C3 e
Part B. Choose the correct answer (there is only one correct answer). Each correct an-
swer is 6%.
1. Let the general solution of the equation be y = Ce2x + 1. Then the solution of the
initial value problem for this equation with the initial condition y(0) = 3 is
a) y = e2x + 1; b) y = 2e2x + 1; c) y = 1; d) y = e2x + 2;
e) there is no solution of the equation satisfying this initial condition.
Solution. y(0) = Ce0 + 1 = C + 1 = 3, so C = 2 and the correct answer is b).

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2. For which α and β will the equation 2xα y β + 3x2 y 2 + cos(y) y 0 = 0 be exact?
a) α = 0 and any β; b) any α and β; c) α = 2, β = 2;
d) α = 1, β = 3; e) any α, β = 3.
∂ α β ∂ 2 2
Solution. We have 2x y = 2βxα y β−1 = 3x y + cos(y) = 6xy 2 , so α = 1,
∂y ∂x
β = 3, the correct answer is d).
3. For α and β such that the equation

2xα y β + 3x2 y 2 + cos(y) y 0 = 0
is exact the general solution is
a) xα y 3 + sin(y) = C; b) 2x2 y 3 − sin(y) = C;
c) x2 y β + sin(y) = C d) 6xy 2 + x sin(y) = C; e) x2 y 3 − sin(y) = C.
Solution. Integrating in x we obtain
Z
2xy 3 dx = x2 y 3 + g(y).
Differentiation in y and the comparison gives

∂ 2 3
(x y + g(y)) = 3x2 y 2 + g 0 (y) = 3x2 y 2 + cos(y) ⇒ g 0 (y) = cos y, g(y) = sin(y),
∂y
so the general solution is
x2 y 3 + sin(y) = C,
the correct answer is c) (β = 3).
4. Functions y1 = x2 and y2 = x3 are solutions of the linear equation
a(x)y 00 (x) + b(x)y 0 + c(x) = 0.
Then the Wronskian of this equation is
a) Cx5 ; b) Cx; c) Cx2 ; d) Cx3 ; e) Cx4 .
Solution. The Wronskian of the two solutions is

y y x2 x3

W = 10 20 = = x2 3x3 − x3 2x = x4 ,

y1 y2 2x 3x3

since the Wronskian can be any multiple of this function, the correct answer is e).
5. The general solution of the equation
y 00 + 4y 0 + 8y = 0
is
a) y = e−2x (C1 cos(2x) + C2 sin(2x)); b) y = C1 e2x + C2 e−2x ;
c) y = C1 e−2x + C2 xe−2x ; d) y = C1 e−4x + C2 ; e) y = C1 e−2x + C2 e−2x .
Solution. The solutions of the characteristic equation r2 + 4r + 8 are r = (−4 ±
√
16 − 32)/2 = −2 ± 2i, so the general solution is y = e−2x (C1 cos(2x) + C2 sin(2x)),
the correct answer is a).

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6. A particular solution of the equation
y 00 − 5y 0 + 6y = 3xe2x
by the method of undetermined coefficients should be sought in the form

a) y = Axe2x ; b) y = x(Ax + B)e2x ; c) y = Ax2 e2x ;
d) y = (Ax + B)e2x ; e) y = Ae2x .
Solution. Since r = 2 is a (single) root of the characteristic equation, then the solution
(Ax + B)e2x should be multiplied by x, the correct answer is b).
7. The function y = xe−2x is a solution of the equation
y 00 + by 0 + cy = 0
a) for b = c = 2 only; b) for any c = 4 − 2b;

c) for b = c = 4 only; d) for b = 2, c = 4 only; e) never.
Solution. To have xe−2x as a solution, we should have the roots of the characteristic
equation r1 = r2 = −2, so the characteristic equation should be (r +2)2 = r2 +4r +4 =
0, which corresponds to the differential eqyation y 00 + 4y 0 + 4y = 0, or b = c = 4, the
correct answer is c).
y 0 = (x2 + 5x + 7)(y − 2)(y − 5), y(0) = 3
a) is unbounded; b) becomes negative for x large enough;

c) satisfies y(x) = 10 for some x;
d) satisfies 2 < y(x) < 5 for any x; e) is identically equal to 3.
Solution. Since y = 2 and y = 5 are solutions, the equation satisfies all conditions of
the existence and uniqueness theorem and 2 < y(0) < 5, then the solution will never
intersect the horizontal lines y = 2 and y = 5, so 2 < y(x) < 5 for any x, thus the
values of y are bounded, will never become negative or exceed 5 (10, for example). It
is easy to see that y = 3 is not a solution. The correct answer is d).

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THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS
FINAL EXAMINATION
AMAT 311 (L01) - FALL 2010
Time: 3 hours
I.D. NUMBER SURNAME OTHER NAMES
STUDENT IDENTIFICATION
Each candidate must sign the Seating List confirming presence at the examination. All candidates for final examinations are required to place
their University of Calgary student I.D. cards on their desks for the duration of the examination. (Students writing mid-term tests can also be
asked to provide identity proof.) Students without an I.D. card who can produce an acceptable alternative I.D., e.g., one with a printed name
and photograph, are allowed to write the examination.
A student without acceptable I.D. will be required to complete an Identification Form. The form indicates that there is no guarantee that the
examination paper will be graded if any discrepancies in identification are discovered after verification with the student’s file. A student who
refuses to produce identification or who refuses to complete and sign the Identification Form is not permitted to write the examination.
EXAMINATION RULES
1. Students late in arriving will not normally be admitted after one-half hour of the
examination time has passed.
2. No candidate will be permitted to leave the examination room until one-half
hour has elapsed after the opening of the examination, nor during the last 15
minutes of the examination. All candidates remaining during the last 15 minutes
of the examination period must remain at their desks until their papers have been
collected by an invigilator.
3. All enquiries and requests must be addressed to supervisors only.
4. Candidates are strictly cautioned against:
(a) speaking to other candidates or communicating with them under any cir-
cumstances whatsoever;
(b) bringing into the examination room any textbook, notebook or memo-
Question Total Actual
randa not authorized by the examiner; Marks Marks
(c) making use of calculators and/or portable computing machines;
PART A
(d) leaving answer papers exposed to view;
1 11
(e) attempting to read other students’ examination papers.
The penalty for violation of these rules is suspension or expulsion or such other 2 12
penalty as may be determined.
5. Candidates are requested to write on both sides of the page, unless the examiner
has asked that the left half page be reserved for rough drafts or calculations. 3 14
6. Discarded matter is to be struck out and not removed by mutilation of the exam-
ination answer book. 4 11
7. Candidates are cautioned against writing in their answer books any matter ex-
traneous to the actual answering of the question set.
Part B
8. The candidate is to write his/her name on each answer book as directed and is
to number each book.
1-14 52
9. A candidate must report to a supervisor before leaving the examination room.

Total 100
10. Answer books must be handed to the supervisor-in-charge promptly when the
signal is given. Failure to comply with this regulation will be cause for rejection
of an answer paper.
11. If a student becomes ill or receives word of domestic affliction during the course
of an examination, he/she should report at once to the Supervisor, hand in the
unfinished paper and request that it be cancelled. Thereafter, if illness is the
cause, the student must go directly to University Health Services so that any
subsequent application for a deferred examination may be supported by a medical
certificate. An application for Deferred Final Examinations must be submitted
to the Registrar by the date specified in the University Calendar.
Should a student write an examination, hand in the paper for marking,
and later report extenuating circumstances to support a request for
cancellation of the paper and for another examination, such request
will be denied.
12. SMOKING DURING EXAMINATIONS IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED.
No calculators, books or additional formula sheets are allowed on the exam

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Course AMAT 311 (L01) - Elena Braverman - Final Exam - FALL 2010 Page 1
PART A: Show your work.
1. (11%) Identify the type of the equation (justify your answer) and find the general so-
lution:
1 dy
xexy + 3xy 2 − sin y y 0 + yexy + y 3 + 0

= 0, where y = .
cos2 x dx

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2. (12%) Find the solution of the system of linear differential equations
x01 (t) = 2x1 + x2

x02 (t) = x1 + 2x2
satisfying the initial conditions x1 (0) = 3, x2 (0) = 1.

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3. (14%) a) Find the Laplace Transform of the function

−4, 0 ≤ t < 1,
f (t) =
4, t ≥ 1.
b) Solve the differential equation for t ≥ 0
x00 (t) + 4x(t) = f (t), with the initial conditions x(0) = 0, x0 (0) = 0,
where the function f (t) is defined in a).

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4. (11%) Find the solution of the equation xy 0 + y = x3 y 2 satisfying y(1) = 2.
PART B: Multiple Choice (4% each). Choose the correct answer (there is only one
correct answer to each problem). No explanation is necessary.
1. The general solution of the equation y 0 sin x − y cos x = 1 is

cos2 x
a) y = C1 cos x −
sin x
b) y = C1 cos x − sin x
c) y = C1 esin x − sin x
d) y = C1 sin x − cos x
e) y = sin x + C1 cos x
x2 y α + x5
2. The equation y 0 = is a nonlinear homogeneous equation
xβ y 4 + y 5
a) for any α, β;
b) for α = 3, β = 1 only
c) for α = 3 only and any β
d) for α = β = 3 only
e) never

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3. A hot iron ball (initially, at 200◦ C) placed in a large room with constant temperature
of 20◦ C cooled down to 110◦ C after 10 minutes. How much time will it take to cool
the ball from 200◦ C to 65◦ C?
a) 15 minutes
b) 20 minutes
c) 40 minutes
d) 25 minutes
e) 30 minutes
4. According to the method of undetermined coefficients, a particular solution of the

equation y 00 − 2y 0 + 2y = 3ex cos x has the form
a) Aex cos x
b) Axex cos x
c) ex (A cos x + B sin x)
d) (Ax + B)ex cos x
e) xex (A cos x + B sin x)

equation y 00 + ay 0 + by = ex should be sought in the form y = Ax2 ex
a) for any a and b;

b) for any a and b satisfying a + b = −1
c) for a = −2, b = 1 only
d) for a = b = 1 only
e) never
6. The general solution of the fourth order differential equation y (4) (x) − 5y 00 (x) + 4y(x) = 0
is
a) y = C1 ex + C2 e4x
b) y = C1 ex + C2 xex + C3 e2x + C4 xe2x
c) y = C1 ex + C2 xex + C3 e4x + C4 xe4x
d) y = C1 e−x + C2 xe−x + C3 e−2x + C4 xe−2x
e) y = C1 ex + C2 e−x + C3 e2x + C4 e−2x
∞
X (x − 3)2n
7. The power series
n=1
4n n
a) converges for x ∈ (−1, 7) and diverges if x < −1 or x > 7
b) converges for x ∈ (−4, 4) and diverges if x < −4 or x > 4
c) converges for x ∈ (1, 5) and diverges if x < 1 or x > 5
d) converges for x ∈ (−2, 2) and diverges if x < −2 or x > 2
e) converges for x ∈ (2, 4) and diverges if x < 2 or x > 4

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∞
X xn
8. If y = is the power series solution of the equation y 00 + 4y = f (x), then the
n=0
n!
Taylor series about x = 0 for the function f (x) in the right-hand side is
∞
X 5xn
a) f (x) =
n=0
n!
∞
X 4xn
b) f (x) =
n=0
n!
∞
X n(n − 1) + 4
c) f (x) = xn
n=0
n!
∞
X (n + 1)(n + 2) + 4 n
d) f (x) = x
n=0
n!
e) there is no enough data to find the Taylor series of the right-hand side
9. The first three terms of the series solution y = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + · · · of the initial value
problem y 00 + xy 0 + 3y = 1 + 5x, x(0) = 1, x0 (0) = 2 is
a) y = 1 + 5x + x2 + · · ·
x2
b) y = 1 + 2x − + ···
2
c) y = 1 + 5x − x2 + · · ·
d) y = 1 + 2x − x2 + · · ·
e) y = 1 + 2x + 0x2 + · · ·
10. For the equation (x − 3)2 (x2 − 4)y 00 + (x − 3)y 0 + 5(x − a)y = 0 the point x = 3 is a
regular singular point
a) for a = 3 only
b) for a 6= 3 only
c) for a = 2 only
d) for a = −2 only
e) for any a
11. The general solution of the equation x2 y 00 + 5xy 0 + 4y = 0 for x > 0 is

a) y = C1 e2x + C2 xe2x
b) y = C1 e−2x + C2 xe−2x
C1
c) y = + C2 x2
x2
C1 C1
d) y = 2 + 2 ln x
x x
e) y = C1 x−2 + C2 x−2

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12. The Laplace Transform of the function f (t) = t sin(3t) is

3
a)
s(s2 + 9)
6
b) − 2
(s + 9)2
6s
c)
(s2 + 9)2
6s
d) − 2
(s + 9)2
1
e) 2
s(s + 9)

−1 3s + 8
13. The inverse Laplace Transform L equals
s2 + 4s + 8
a) 3 cos(2t) + sin(2t)
b) e−2t [3 cos(2t) + sin(2t)]
c) 3 + e−4t
d) e−2t [3 cos(2t) + 8 sin(2t)]
e) 3e−2t + 5e−4t
e−s

−1
s2 − 5s + 6
a) e3(t−1) − e2(t−1) u1 (t)

b) e2t − e3t
c) e2t − et u1 (t)

d) e3t − e2t
e) e3t u3 (t) − e2t u2 (t)
Please mark the results of PART B in the following table.
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

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TABLE OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM FORMULAS

n n! −1 1 1
L [t ] = n+1 L n
= tn−1
s s (n − 1)!

1 −1 1
L eat = = eat

L
s−a s−a

a −1 1 1
L [sin at] = 2 L = sin at
s + a2 2
s +a 2 a

s −1 s
L [cos at] = 2 L = cos at
s + a2 s2 + a2
Differentiation and integration

d
L f (t) = sL[f (t)] − f (0)
dt
dn

L n
f (t) = sn L[f (t)] − sn−1 f (0) − sn−2 f 0 (0) − · · · − f (n−1) (0)
dt
In the following formulas F (s) = L[f (t)], so f (t) = L−1 [F (s)].

Z t Z t
1 −1 1
L f (u) du = L[f (t)] L F (s) = f (u) du
0 s s 0
dn dn F (s)

n n −1
L [t f (t)] = (−1) L[f (t)] L = (−1)n tn f (t)
dsn ds n
Shift formulas
L eat f (t) = F (s − a) L−1 [F (s)] = eat L−1 [F (s + a)]

L [ua (t)g(t)] = e−as L[g(t + a)] L−1 e−as F (s) = ua (t)f (t − a)

0, t < a,
Here ua (t) =
1, t ≥ a.

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FINAL EXAMINATION - ANSWERS, HINTS, SOLUTIONS

AMAT 311 (L01) - FALL 2010
PART A: Show your work.
1. (11%) Identify the type of the equation (justify your answer) and find the general
solution:
1 dy
xexy + 3xy 2 − sin y y 0 + yexy + y 3 + = 0, where y 0 =

2
.
cos x dx
Solution. The equation is exact, since the two derivatives are equal:

∂ xy 3 1
ye + y + = exy + xyexy + 3y 2 ,
∂y cos2 x
∂
xexy + 3xy 2 − sin y = exy + xyexy + 3y 2 .

∂x
After integrating ye + y 3 + cos12 x we have
xy
Z
xy 3 1
F (x, y) = ye + y + dx = exy + xy 3 + tan x + g(y),
cos2 x
differentiating and comparing with xexy + 3xy 2 − sin y, we obtain

∂ xy
e + xy 3 + tan x + g(y) = xexy + 3xy 2 + g 0 (y) = xexy + 3xy 2 − sin y,

∂y
so g 0 (y) = − sin y, or g(y) = cos y and the general solution is
F (x, y) = exy + xy 3 + tan x + cos y = C.
2. (12%) Find the solution of the system of linear differential equations
x01 (t) = 2x1 + x2

x02 (t) = x1 + 2x2
satisfying the initial conditions x1(0) = 3, x2 (0) = 1.

2 1
Solution. Since the matrix A = satisfies
1 2

2−λ 1
det(A − λI) = = (2 − λ)2 − 1 = (1 − λ)(3 − λ),
1 2−λ
the eigenvalues are λ = 1 and λ = 3, and the corresponding eigenvectors are solutions
of equations x + y = 0 and −x + y = 0, respectively, so v1 = (1, −1)T and v2 = (1, 1)T .
Thus, the general solution is

x1 (t) t 3t C1 et + C2 e3t
X(t) = = C1 v1 e + C2 v2 e = .
x2 (t) −C1 et + C2 e3t

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To satisfy the initial conditions, we have to solve the system C1 +C2 = 3, −C1 +C2 = 1,
which has the only solution C2 = 2, C1 = 1, so the solution of the initial value problem
is
et + 2e3t
X(t) = , x1 (t) = et + 2e3t , x2 (t) = −et + 2e3t .
−et + 2e3t
3. (14%) a) Find the Laplace Transform of the function

−4, 0 ≤ t < 1,
f (t) =
4, t ≥ 1.
b) Solve the differential equation for t ≥ 0
x00 (t) + 4x(t) = f (t), with the initial conditions x(0) = 0, x0 (0) = 0,
where the function f (t) is defined in a).

4 e−s
Solution. a) Since f (t) = −4 + 8u1 (t), we have L[f ] = − + 8 ;
s s
00 2
b) The initial conditions imply L[x ] = s L[x], so
4 e−s −4 + 8e−s 2e−s 2se−s 1 s

(s2 + 4)L[x] = − + 8 ⇒ L[x] = 2
= − 2
+ + 2 ,
s s s(s + 4) s s +4 s s +4
since the partial fractions decomposition gives the following coefficients

4 A Bs + C
= + 2 ⇒ As2 + 4A + Bs2 + Cs = 4 ⇒ B = −1, C = 0, A = 1.
s(s2 + 4) s s +4
Thus x(t) = 2u1 (t) − 2 cos(2(t − 1))u1 (t) − 1 + cos(2t).
4. (11%) Find the solution of the equation xy 0 + y = x3 y 2 satisfying y(1) = 2.

y0 11
Solution. This is the Bernoulli equation 2 + = x2 . After the substitution z =
y xy
1/y it takes the form −z 0 + x1 z = x2 . The homogeneous equation −z 0 + x1 z = 0 has a
solution z = Cx, looking for a solution of the nonhomogeneous equation in the form
z = u(x)x, we obtain
x2
−u0 x − u + u = x2 ⇒ u0 = −x ⇒ u(x) = C − ,
2
x3 1 1
so z = Cx − and the general solution is y = = x3
. Substituting x = 1,
2 z Cx − 2
y = 2, we obtain
1 1 2
2= 1 ⇒C=1→y= 3 = .
C− 2 x − x2 2x − x3

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PART B: Multiple Choice (4% each). Choose the correct answer (there is only one
correct answer to each problem). No explanation is necessary.
1. The general solution of the equation y 0 sin x − y cos x = 1 is
cos2 x
a) y = C1 cos x − b) y = C1 cos x − sin x
sin x
c) y = C1 esin x − sin x d) y = C1 sin x − cos x e) y = sin x + C1 cos x
Solution. This is a linear equation, the corresponding linear homogeneous equation
cos x
y 0 /y = is integrated as ln |y| = ln |sinx| + C1 and has the general solution y =
sin x
C sin x. Assuming y = u sin x, we have
1
u0 sin2 x + u cos x sin x − u cos x sin x = 1 ⇒ u0 = ,
sin2 x
so u(x) = C1 − cot x and y = C1 sin x − cos x, the correct answer is d).
x2 y α + x5
2. The equation y 0 = is a nonlinear homogeneous equation
xβ y 4 + y 5
a) for any α, β; b) for α = 3, β = 1 only c) for α = 3 only and any β
d) for α = β = 3 only e) never
Solution. Since the degree of the numerator and the denominator is 5, to have the
homogeneous function (of order 0) in the right hand side, α, β should satisfy 2 + α = 5,
β + 4 = 5, or α = 3, β = 1, the correct answer is b).
3. A hot iron ball (initially, at 200◦ C) placed in a large room with constant temperature
of 20◦ C cooled down to 110◦ C after 10 minutes. How much time will it take to cool
the ball from 200◦ C to 65◦ C?
a) 15 minutes b) 20 minutes c) 40 minutes
d) 25 minutes e) 30 minutes
Solution. The Newton law of cooling leads to the following initial value problem
T 0 = −k(T − 20), T (0) = 200.
The equation is linear. The complementary equation T 0 = −kT has a solution y =

Ce−kt , we look for the solution in the form T = ue−kt , T 0 = u0 e−kt − kue−kt . Thus
T 0 = u0 e−kt − kue−kt = −kue−kt + 20k ⇒ u0 = 20kekt ⇒ u = 20ekt + C,
and the solution is
T (t) = (C + 20ekt )e−kt = 20 + Ce−kt , T (0) = 20 + C = 200,
so
T (t) = 20 + 180e−kt , T (10) = 20 + 180e−10k = 110 ⇒ e−10k = 0.5.
We are looking for t1 such that
T (t1 ) = 20 + 180e−kt1 = 65, or e−kt1 = 1/4 = 0.52 .

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Thus
e−kt1 = (e−10k )t1 /10 = (0.5)t1 /10 = (0.5)2 ,
so t1 /10 = 2 and t1 = 20, the correct answer is b). A “short” solution would be
an observation that the decrease is exponential, and if the ball cooled down by half
the difference of temperatures ((200-110):(200-20)=1:2), then to cool down by half a
difference ((110-20):(65-20)=2:1) it will take another 10 minutes, overall 20 minutes.

equation y 00 − 2y 0 + 2y = 3ex cos x has the form
a) Aex cos x b) Axex cos x c) ex (A cos x + B sin x)
d) y = (Ax + B)ex cos x e) xex (A cos x + B sin x)
Solution. Since the roots of the characteristic equation r2 − 2r + 2 = 0 are r1,2 =
1 ± i, we are looking for a particular solution in the form xex (A cos x + B sin x) (not
ex (A cos x + B sin x), as it would be for any other roots, since ex cos x and ex sin x are
solutions of the homogeneous equation), the correct answer is e).

equation y 00 + ay 0 + by = ex should be sought in the form y = Ax2 ex
a) for any a and b;

b) for any a and b satisfying a + b = −1
c) for a = −2, b = 1 only
d) for a = b = 1 only
e) never
Solution. The particular solution has this form only if r1 = r2 = 1, the characteristic
equation should be (r − 1)2 = r2 − 2r + 1 = 0, so the equation is y 00 − 2y 0 + y = ex , the
6. The general solution of the fourth order differential equation y (4) (x) − 5y 00 + 4y(x) = 0
is a) y = C1 ex + C2 e4x
b) y = C1 ex + C2 xex + C3 e2x + C4 xe2x c) y = C1 ex + C2 xex + C3 e4x + C4 xe4x
d) y = C1 e−x + C2 xe−x + C3 e−2x + C4 xe−2x e) y = C1 ex + C2 e−x + C3 e2x + C4 e−2x
Solution. The roots of the equation r4 − 5r2 + 4 = (r2 − 4)(r2 − 1)
= (r − 2)(r + 2)(r − 1)(r + 1) = 0 are r1 = −2, r2 = −1, r3 = 1, r4 = 2, so the general
solution is y = C1 ex + C2 e−x + C3 e2x + C4 e−2x , the correct answer is e).
∞
X (x − 3)2n
7. The power series
n=1
4n n
a) converges for x ∈ (−1, 7) and diverges if x < −1 or x > 7
b) converges for x ∈ (−4, 4) and diverges if x < −4 or x > 4
c) converges for x ∈ (1, 5) and diverges if x < 1 or x > 5
d) converges for x ∈ (−2, 2) and diverges if x < −2 or x > 2

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e) converges for x ∈ (2, 4) and diverges if x < 2 or x > 4

Solution. By the ratio test
(x − 3)2(n+1) 4n n 2 2

lim n+1
= lim (x − 3) n = (x − 3) < 1,
n→∞ 4 (n + 1)(x − 3)2n n→∞ 4(n + 1) 4
which holds for (x − 3)2 < 4, or |x − 3| < 2, or −2 < x − 3 < 2, or 1 < x < 5, the
∞
X xn
8. For the power series solution y = of the equation y 00 + 4y = f (x) the Taylor
n=0
n!
series about x = 0 for the function in the right-hand side f (x) is
∞ ∞ ∞
X 5xn X 4xn X n(n − 1) + 4 n
a) f (x) = b) f (x) = c) f (x) = x
n=0
n! n=0
n! n=0
n!
∞
X (n + 1)(n + 2) + 4 n
d) f (x) = x
n=0
n!
e) there is no enough data to find the Taylor series of the right-hand side
∞ ∞ ∞
X n(n − 1)xn−2 X xn−2 X xn
Solution. y 00 = = = ,
n=0
n! n=2
(n − 2)! n=0
n!
∞ n ∞ n ∞ n
X x X 4x X 5x
y 00 + 4y = + = , the correct answer is a). An alternative solu-
n=0
n! n=0
n! n=0
n!
∞
X xn
tion uses the fact that y = = ex . Substituting y = ex in the equation, we obtain
n=0
n!
∞ n
X 5x
5ex = in the right hand side.
n=0
n!
9. The first three terms of the series solution y = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + · · · of the initial value
problem y 00 + xy 0 + 3y = 1 + 5x, y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 2 is
x2
a) y = 1 + 5x + x2 + · · · b) y = 1 + 2x − + · · · c) y = 1 + 5x − x2 + · · ·
2
d) y = 1 + 2x − x2 + · · · e) y = 1 + 2x + 0x2 + · · ·
Solution. Substituting y = a0 +a1 x+a2 x2 +· · · and its derivatives y 0 = a1 +2a2 x+· · · ,
y 00 = a2 + · · · into the equation, we have
2a2 + · · · + a1 x + 2a2 x2 + · · · + 3a0 + 3a1 + 3a2 x2 + · · · = 1 + 5x + · · · ,
comparing the constants we have 2a2 = 1 − 3a0 . The initial conditions give a0 = 1,
a1 = 2, so a2 = (1 − 3)/2 = −1, the correct answer is d).
10. For the equation (x − 3)2 (x2 − 4)y 00 + (x − 3)y 0 + 5(x − a)y = 0 the point x = 3 is a
regular singular point
a) for a = 3 only b) for a 6= 3 only c) for a = 2 only

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d) for a = −2 only e) for any a

(x − 3) 1 1
Solution. Since for any a the limits lim (x − 3) 2 2
= lim 2 = ,
x→3 (x − 3) (x − 4) x→3 x − 4 5
(5(x − a) 5(3 − a)
lim (x − 32 ) 2 2
= = 3 − a are finite, while
x→3 (x − 3) (x − 4) 5
(x − 3)
lim = ∞,
x→3 (x − 3)2 (x2 − 4)
thus the point x = 3 is a regular singular point for any a, the correct answer is e).
11. The general solution of the equation x2 y 00 + 5xy 0 + 4y = 0 for x > 0 is
C1
a) y = C1 e2x + C2 xe2x b) y = C1 e−2x + C2 xe−2x c) y = 2 + C2 x2
x
C1 C2
d) y = 2 + 2 ln x e) y = C1 x−2 + C2 x−2
x x
Solution. This is the Cauchy-Euler (Euler) equation, with the characteristic equation
for z = ln x: r(r − 1) + 5r + 4 = r2 − r + 5r + 4 = r2 + 4r + 4 = (r + 2)2 = 0, so the
general solution is
C1 C2
y = C1 e−2z + C2 ze−2z = C1 x−2 + C2 x−2 ln x = y = + 2 ln x,
x2 x
the correct answer is d).
12. The Laplace Transform of the function f (t) = t sin(3t) is
3 6 6s 6s 1
a) b) − c) d) − 2 e)
s(s2+ 9) (s2 + 9)2 (s2 + 9) 2 (s + 9)2 s(s2 + 9)
Solution. The Laplace Transform is

d d 3 6s
L [t sin(3t)] = − L [sin(3t)] = − = ,
ds ds s + 32
2 (s2 + 9)2
the correct answer is c).

3s + 8
−1
s2 + 4s + 8
a) 3 cos(2t) + sin(2t) b) e−2t [3 cos(2t) + sin(2t)] c) 3 + e−4t
d) e−2t [3 cos(2t) + 8 sin(2t)] e) 3e−2t + 5e−4t
3s + 8 3(s + 2) 2
Solution. Since 2 = 2 2
+ ,
s + 4s + 8 (s + 2) + 2 (s + 2)2 + 22

−1 3s + 8 −1 3(s + 2) −1 2
L =L +L
s2 + 4s + 8 (s + 2)2 + 22 (s + 2)2 + 22
= 3e−2t cos(2t) + e−2t sin(2t), the correct answer is b).

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e−s

−1
s2 − 5s + 6
a) e3(t−1) − e2(t−1) u1 (t) b) e2t − e3t

c) e2t − et u1 (t) d) e3t − e2t e) e3t u3 (t) − e2t u2 (t)

1 1 1
Solution. Since 2 = − ,
s − 5s + 6 s−3 s−2
e−s
−s −s
−1 −1 e −1 e
L = L − L = e3(t−1) u1 (t) − e2(t−1) u1 (t),
s2 − 5s + 6 s−3 s−2
the correct answer is a).
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
a) x x
b) x x x
c) x x x
d) x x x
e) x x x
Version B
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
a) x x
b) x x x
c) x x x
d) x x x
e) x x x

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AMAT 307 Midterm Examination Fall 2013 2
01. About the differential equation
y 00 y 0 + y 0 ey + 5y = t,
which of the following statement is correct?
(A) Linear, second order.
(B) Nonlinear, third order.
(C) Linear, third order.
(D) Nonlinear, second order.
(E) None of the above.
02. If y = y(t) is the solution

of the initial value problem
y 0 + (2 t + 1) y = 2 cos(t)
y(0) = 2
then
(A) y 00 (0) = 2 (B) y 00 (0) = −2
(C) y 00 (0) = 4 (D) y 00 (0) = 0
(E) y 00 (0) = −4

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03. (True or False) If cos(2x) is a solution of ay 00 + by 0 + cy = 0, where

a 6= 0, b and c are real constants, then 100 sin(2x) is also a solution of this
differential equation.
(A) True
(B) False
04. The unique solution of the initial value problem
ty 0 + 2y = 4t2 , y(1) = 2
is
(A) t4 + t−4
(B) t3 + t−3
(C) t2 + t−2
(D) t + t−1
√ √
(E) t + 1/ t

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05. Let y1 (t) and y2 (t) be two solutions of the differential equation
y 00 + et y 0 + y = t3 .
Which of the following is a solution of the differential equation?
(A) y1 (t) − y2 (t)
(B) y1 (t) + y2 (t)
(C) y1 (t) − 5 y2 (t)
(D) 2y1 (t) − y2 (t)
(E) 2y1 (t) + 3y2 (t)
06. Consider the initial-value problem:
ln(x) 1
y0 + y= , y(2) = 1,
x2 − 1 x−3
The largest interval on which a unique solution exists is
(A) (0, +∞)
(B) (−1, 1)
(C) (−1, 3)
(D) (1, +∞)
(E) (1, 3)

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07. The solution of the exact differential equation:
(yexy cos(2x) − 2exy sin(2x) + 2x) + (xexy cos(2x) − 3)y 0 = 0
is given by
(A) exy sin(2x) + x2 − 3y = C
(B) 21 exy sin(2x) + x2 − 3xy = C
(C) exy cos(2x) + x2 − 3y = C
(D) 12 exy cos(2x) + x2 − 3xy = C
(E) None of the above
08. Let yp be a particular solution of the differential equation:
y 00 + y 0 − 2y = xex + e−3x cos(x),
then yp is in the following form, where A0 , A1 , B0 , B1 , C0 , C1 are real

constants.
(A) ex (A0 + A1 x) + e−3x [(B0 x + B1 x2 ) cos(x) + (C0 x + C1 x2 ) sin(x)]
(B) ex (A0 x + A1 x2 ) + e−3x [B0 cos(x) + C0 sin(x)]
(C) ex (A0 x + A1 x2 ) + e−3x [B0 cos(x)]
(D) ex (A0 + A1 x) + e−3x [(B0 + B1 x) cos(x) + (C0 + C1 x) sin(x)]
(E) ex (A0 + A1 x) + e−3x [B0 cos(x) + C0 sin(x)]

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09. If µ(x) is an integrating factor of the differential equation
(2xy 3 − 2x3 y 3 − 4xy 2 + 2x)dx + (3x2 y 2 + 4y)dy = 0,
then µ(x) is
2
(A) e−x
(B) e−2x
(C) e2x
(D) ex
y 0 − e2t e−y = 0

10. The initial value problem has solution
y(0) = 0
(A) y = e2t − 1
(B) y = ln(2e2t − 1)
(C) y = ln(e2t + 2) − ln(3)
(D) y = ln(e2t + 1) − ln(2)

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11. A tank with infinite capacity initially contains 100 liters of a salt solution with a
concentration of 0.5 kg/liter. A solution with a salt concentration of 1.5 kg/liter
is added to the tank at 4 liters/minute, and the well-stirred mixture is drained
out at 4 liters/minute. The differential equation for the quantity Q(t) of salt in
the tank at time t is given by
( 1
Q0 + Q = 6,
(A) 25
Q(0) = 50.
( 1
Q0 + Q = 1.5,
(B) 25
Q(0) = 50.
( 1
Q0 + Q = 6,
(C) 25
Q(0) = 100.
( 1
Q0 + Q = 1.5,
(D) 100
Q(0) = 50.
( 1
Q0 + Q = 0.5,
(E) 25
Q(0) = 100.
12. A radioactive element decays into non-radioactive substances. In 12 days the

radioactive sample of 80g decreases to 10g, the half-life of the element is
(A) 2 days (B) 3 days (C) 4 days
(D) 5 days (E) 6 days

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13. Consider the initial value problem
y 0 = y + t, y(0) = 1.
Using Euler’s method with step size h = 0.1, an approximate value y2 of y(0.2) is
(A) 1.11
(B) 1.22
(C) 1.32
(D) 1.44
(E) 1.68
14. The unique solution

 of the initial value problem √
 00 t 0 t−3 3−t
y + y + y= ,
(t + 2)(t + 4) (t + 2)(2 t + 5) t+2
y(1) = 0 and y 0 (1) = 9.

is guaranteed to exist in the open interval

(A) − 4, 3

(B) − 5/2 , 3

(C) − 2, 3

(D) − ∞, 3

(E) − 4 , +∞

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15. The Wronskian of the pair of functions
y1 (x) = ex , y2 (x) = ex cos(x)

is given by
(A) e2x (cos(x) + sin(x))
(B) −e2x sin(x)
(C) −e2x cos(x)
(D) ex (cos(x) + sin(x))
(E) ex (cos(x) − sin(x))
y 00 + 4 y 0 + 3 y = 0

16. The solution of the initial value problem is
y(0) = 2 and y 0 (0) = −1
(A) 25 et − 21 e−3t
(B) 3et − e3t
(C) 52 et − 12 e3t
(D) 3e−t − e−3t
(E) 25 e−t − 21 e−3t

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y 00 + 4 y = 0

17. The solution of the initial value problem is
y(0) = 0 and y 0 (0) = 1
(A) 21 et sin(2t)
(B) et (sin(2t) + cos(2t))
(C) 12 et sin(t)
1
(D) 2 sin(2t)
(E) et sin(t)
18. If a linear homogeneous differential equation with constant coefficients has char-
acteristic equation
(r − 5)(r2 + 4r + 4)(r2 − 2r + 10) = 0,
then its general solution is
(A) C1 e5t + C2 e−2t + C3 et cos(3t)
(B) C1 e5t + C2 e−2t + C3 te−2t + C4 et cos(3t) + C5 et sin(3t)
(C) C1 e5t + C2 e2t + C3 te2t + C4 et cos(3t) + C5 et sin(3t)
(D) C1 e5t + C2 e−2t + C3 te−2t + C4 e−t cos(3t) + C5 e−t sin(3t)
(E) C1 e5t + C2 e2t + C3 te2t + C4 e−t cos(3t) + C5 e−t sin(3t)
C1 , C2 , C3 , C4 , and C5 are arbitrary real constants.

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19. The equation y 000 + ay 00 + by 0 + cy = 0, where a, b and c are real constants, has
6t2 e−t as one of its solutions. Then
(A) a = 3, b = 3, c = 1.
(B) a = 2, b = 3, c = 1.
(C) a = 3, b = 2, c = 1.
(D) a = 2, b = 1, c = 1.
(E) a = 3, b = 1, c = 3.
20. The general solution of the equation y 00 + 4 y 0 + 4y = t−2 e−2t , t > 0, is
(A) y = C1 e−2t + C2 e2t − e−2t ln(t)
(B) y = C1 e−2t + C2 te−2t − e−2t ln(t)
(C) y = C1 e−2t + C2 e2t − ln(t)
(D) y = C1 e−2t + C2 te−2t − t2 e−2t
(E) y = C1 e−2t + C2 te−2t − ln(t)

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Answers to midterm - 2013

1-D
2-E
3-A
4-C
5-D
6-E
7-C
8-B
9-A
10 - D
11 - A
12 - C
13 - B
14 - C
15 - B
16 - E
17 - D
18 - B
19 - A
20 - B
Comment: this year, # 9 is not in the framework of the course, though you can use it
by multiplying and checking that the resulting equation is exact.

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!
EXAMINATION!VERSION!
!
3!3!
!
UNIVERSITY!OF!CALGARY!
FACULTY!OF!SCIENCE!
DEPARTMENT)OF)MATHEMATICS)AND)STATISTICS!
FINAL!EXAMINATION!
AMAT!307,!LECTURE!01804!–!FALL,!2013!
)
DATE:!11/DECEMBER!! ! ! ! ! ! Time:!2!hours!
)
STUDENT)ID)NUMBER)
!
) )
!
!
)
EXAMINATION!RULES!
)
1. This)is)a)closed)book)examination.))
2. No)aids)are)allowed)for)this)examination)except)for)a)Schulich)calculator)
3. Students)should)put)their)answers)on)the)scantron)sheet)and)on)the)examination)
paper.)
4. Scantron)sheets)must)be)filled)out)during)the)exam)time)limit.))No)additional)time)
will)be)granted)to)fill)in)scantron)form.))
5. The)use)of)personal)electronic)or)communication)devices)is)prohibited.))
6. A) University) of) Calgary) Student) ID)card) is) required) to) write) the) Final) Examination)
and)could)be)requested)for)midterm)examinations.))If)adequate)ID)isn’t)present)the)
student)must)complete)an)Identification)Form.)))
7. Students) late) in) arriving) will) not) be) permitted) after) oneRhalf) hour) of) the)
examination)time)has)passed.)
8. No) student) will) be) permitted) to) leave) the) examination) room) during) the) first) 30)
minutes,) nor) during) the) last) 15) minutes) of) the) examination.) ) Students) must) stop)
writing)and)hand)in)their)exam)immediately)when)time)expires.)
9. All)inquiries)and)requests)must)be)addressed)to)the)exam)supervisor.)
10. Students)are)strictly)cautioned)against:)
a. communicating)to)other)students;)
b. leaving)answer)papers)exposed)to)view;)
c. attempting)to)read)other)students’)examination)papers)
11. During)the)final)examination,)if)a)student)becomes)ill)or)receives)word)of)domestic)
affliction,)the)student)must)report)to)the)Invigilator,)hand)in)the)unfinished)paper)
and) request) that) it) be) cancelled.) ) If) ill,) the) student) must) report) immediately) to) a)
physician/counselor) for) a) medical) note) to) support) a) deferred) examination)
application.)))
12. Once) the) examination) has) been) handed) in) for) marking,) a) student) cannot) request)
that) the) examination) be) cancelled.) ) Retroactive) withdrawals) from) the) course) will)
be)denied.)
13. Failure)to)comply)with)these)regulations)will)result)in)rejection)of)the)examination)
paper.)
!

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AMAT 307 Final Examination Fall 2013 2

2x
y0 = , y(2) = 1
5 + 2y
is given by
5 1p 2
(A) y= 4x 7
2 2
5 1p 2
(B) y= + 4x 7
2 2
p
(C) y= 6x 3 4
1 1p 2
(D) y= 4x 7
2 2
1 1p 2
(E) y= 3x 3
2 2
02. If y(t) is the solution of the initial value problem
ty 0 + 3y = 5t2 , y(2) = 5
then
(A) y(1) = 15/8
(B) y(1) = 25/2
(C) y(1) = 5/8 5 ln(2)
(D) y(1) = 7
(E) y(1) = 9

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03. Consider the initial-value problem:
ln(x) 1
y0 + y= , y(2) = 1,
x2 1 x 3
The largest interval on which a unique solution exists is
(A) (0, +1)
(B) ( 1, 1)
(C) (1, 3)
(D) (1, +1)
(E) ( 1, 3)
⇢
3 t y0 2 y = 3 t 1y 2
04. The solution of the initial value problem is given by
y(1) = 1
✓ ◆1/3
2 t3 1
(A) y=
t
1/3
2 t3 1
(B) y=
t
2 t3 1
(C) y=
t
t
(D) y=
3 2 t1/3
3 2 t1/3
(E) y=
t

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05. A general solution of the exact di↵erential equation
x2
2 x ln(3 y) dx + dy = 0
y
is
(A) x2 ln(3 y) + x2 ln(y) = C
(B) x2 ln(3 y) = C
(C) 2 x y ln(3 y) + x2 = C y
(D) x3 6 x y 2 + 6 x y 2 ln(3 y) = C y
(E) xy ln(xy) + x2 y2 = C
06. A particular solution of the di↵erential equation
y 00 y=t 4e t
is
(A) yp (t) = t 4e t
(B) yp (t) = t + 2e t
(C) yp (t) = t + 2te t
(D) yp (t) = t 2te t
(E) yp (t) = 2t 4et

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07. Suppose y1 (t) = t is a solution of
t2 y 00 t(t + 2)y 0 + (t + 2)y = 0, t > 0,
use the method of reduction of order to find a second solution of the di↵erential
equation
(A) et
(B) e2t
(C) t2 e t
(D) tet
(E) te3t
08. Consider the equation
y 00 + 9y = 7 cos(3x) + 1 + e3x ,
according to the method of Undetermined Coefficients, the particular solution

has the form
(A) C1 x sin(3x) + C2 x + C3 xe3x + C4 xe 3x
(B) C1 x cos(3x) + C2 x sin(3x) + C3 + C4 xe3x
(C) C1 cos(3x) + C2 sin(3x) + C3 + C4 e3x
(D) C1 x sin(3x) + C2 x cos(3x) + C3 e3x
(E) C1 x cos(3x) + C2 x sin(3x) + C3 + C4 e3x

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09. If y1 (t) = t 1 and y2 (t) = t 5 are two solutions of the di↵erential equation
t2 y 00 + 7ty 0 + 5y = 0, t > 0,
then a particular solution yp of the non-homogeneous equation
t2 y 00 + 7ty 0 + 5y = 12t, t > 0,
is
(A) yp = t3 /3
(B) yp = t2 /2
(C) y p = t2
(D) yp = t
(E) yp = t/2
1 1
10. Let y1 (t) and y2 (t) be two solutions of y 00 y0 + y = 0 such that
⇢ ⇢ t+1 t+2
y1 (0) = 1 y2 (0) = 1
and , the wronskian W (t) of y1 (t) and y2 (t) is
y10 (0) = 0 y20 (0) = 3
(A) W (t) = 3 t + 3
3
(B) W (t) = t+3
2
3
(C) W (t) =
t+1
6
(D) W (t) =
t+2
2
(E) W (t) =
t+2

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11. If 2xe2x cos(3x) + 5x2 is a solution of a higher-order linear homogeneous

equation with constant coefficients, then which of the following is guaranteed
to be a solution of this di↵erential equation?
(A) e2x sin(3x) + x3 + 2
(B) e2x sin(3x) + 3x + 2
(C) x3 e2x cos(3x) + 3x + 2
(D) 2xex cos(2x) + 3x + 2
(E) e2x cos(2x) + x3 + 2x2 6x + 1
12. If the method of undetermined coefficients is used to find a particular solution

yp (t) to the di↵erential equation y 000 y 0 = te t + 2 cos(t), then yp (t) should
have the form
(A) t(A0 t + A1 )e t + B0 cos(t) + C0 sin(t)
(B) t2 (A0 t + A1 )e t + B0 cos(t) + C0 sin(t)
(C) t(A0 t + A1 )e t + (B0 t + B1 ) cos(t) + (C0 t + C1 ) sin(t)
(D) (A0 t + A1 )e t + B0 cos(t) + C0 sin(t)
(E) t2 (A0 t + A1 )e t + (B0 t + B1 ) cos(t) + (C0 t + C1 ) sin(t)
Where A0 , A1 , B0 , B1 , C0 , C1 are real constants to be determined.

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13. Consider the di↵erential equation

⇢
00 1 0  t < 2,
y + 4y = y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0
e (t 2) t 2;
Let Y (s) be the Laplace transform of y(t), then
1 e s
(A) Y (s) =
s2 (s2 + 4)
1 e s
(B) Y (s) =
s2 (s2 4)
1 e s
(C) Y (s) =
s(s2 + 4)
1+e s
(D) Y (s) =
s(s2 + 4)
s + 1 e 2s
(E) Y (s) =
s(s + 1)(s2 + 4)
14. The inverse Laplace transform of the given function
3e 2s
F (s) =
s2 + s 2
is
⇥ ⇤
(A) f (t) = u2 (t) et 2 e 2(t 2)
⇥ ⇤
(B) f (t) = u2 (t) et 1 e 2(t 1)
⇥ ⇤
(C) f (t) = u1 (t) et 1 e (t 2)
⇥ ⇤
(D) f (t) = u1 (t) et 2 e (t 1)
⇥ ⇤
(E) f (t) = u 2 (t) et 2 e (t 1)

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15. The Laplace transform of e3t (t2 + sin(t)) is

2 s 3
(A) +
(s 3)3 (s 3)2 +1
1 s
(B) +
(s 3)2 (s 3)2 + 1
2 s 1
(C) +
(s 3)2 (s 3)2 + 1
2 3
(D) +
(s 3)3 (s 3)2 + 1
2 1
(E) +
(s 3)3 (s 3)2 + 1
16. The Laplace transform of 2et u2 (t) cos2 (t 2) is


2(s 1) 1 s 1
(A) e +
s 1 (s 1)2 + 4

(s 1) 1 s 1
(B) e +
s 1 (s 1)2 +1

2s 1 s
(C) e +
s 1 (s 1)2 + 4

1 s 1
(D) e(s 1) +
s 1 (s 1)2 +4

2(s 1) 1 1
(E) e + 2
s s +4

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17. The Laplace transform of

8
< t 0  t < 1,
f (t) = t2 + t 1 1  t < 2,
:
t+3 t 2,
is
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
1 s 2 2 2s 2 4
(A) +e + +e +
s2 s3 s2 s3 s2
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
1 s 2 1 2s 2 4
(B) +e +e
s2 s3 s s3 s
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
1 s 2 1 2s 2 4
(C) +e + e
s2 s3 s2 s3 s2
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
1 s 2 2 2s 2 4
(D) +e + e +
s2 s3 s2 s3 s2
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
1 s 2 2 2s 2 4
(E) e + e +
s2 s3 s2 s3 s2
y (4) y = 0, y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0, y 00 (0) = 1, y 000 (0) = 0
is
(A) (2et + e t )/3
(B) ( et + 3e t )/2
(C) (et + e t )/2
(D) (et + 2e t )/3
(E) (4et e t )/3

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19. The largest open interval on which the following power seires
1
X ( 1)n+1 (n + 1)2 (x + 2)n
3n
n=1
converges is
(A) ( 4, 2)
(B) ( 3, 3)
(C) ( 2, 2)
(D) (0, 3)
(E) ( 5, 1)
20. Consider the initial value problem y 00 xy 0 y = 0, y(0) = 2, y 0 (0) = 1. The first
5 non-zero terms of the power series solution about x=0 are given by
1 1
(A) y = 2 + x + x2 + x3 + x4
3 4
1 1
(B) y = 2 + x + x2 + x3 x4
3 4
1 3 1 4
(C) y = 2 + x + x2 x + x
3 4
1 1
(D) y = 2 + x x2 + x3 + x4
3 4
1 1 4
(E) y = 2 + x x2 + x3 x
3 4

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21. Consider the di↵erential equation 3 y 00 + (t + 1) y 0 + 4 y = 0. If we look for a

X1
power series solution y(t) = an tn , then the recurrence relation satisfied by
n=0
the coefficients a0 , a1 , a2 , a3 , · · · is
(A) 3 n (n 1) an + (t + 1) n an + 4 an = 0
(B) 3 (n + 2) (n + 1) an+2 + 3 n an+1 + (n + 4) an = 0
(C) 3 (n + 2) (n + 1) an+2 + 3 (n + 1) an+1 + (n + 4) an = 0
(D) 3 (n + 2) (n + 1) an+2 + (n + 1) an+1 + (n + 4) an = 0
(E) 3 (n + 2) (n + 1) an+2 + 2(n + 1) an+1 + (n + 4) an = 0
x2 y 00 4xy 0 + 4y = 0, y(1) = 2, y 0 (1) = 1
is given by
(A) x+x 2
(B) 3x x4
3 2 5 2
(C) x + x
4 4
7 1 1 3
(D) x + x
4 4
5 1 3
(E) x + x
4 4

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
2 3
23. Given that the marix has a complex eigenvalue = 2 + 3i and cor-
-3 2

1
responding eigenvector V = , the initial value problem of the system of
i
first-order di↵erential equations
y10 = 2y1 + 3y2 , y1 (0) = 1

y20 = 3y1 + 2y2 , y2 (0) = 2
has solution
(A) y1 (t) = e2t [cos(3t) 2 sin(3t)], y2 (t) = e2t [2 cos(3t) sin(3t)]
(B) y1 (t) = et [cos(3t) 2 sin(3t)], y2 (t) = et [2 cos(3t) + sin(3t)]
(C) y1 (t) = et [cos(3t) + sin(3t)], y2 (t) = et [2 cos(3t) 2 sin(3t)]
(D) y1 (t) = e2t [cos(3t) + 2 sin(3t)], y2 (t) = e2t [2 cos(3t) sin(3t)]
(E) y1 (t) = e t [cos(3t) sin(3t)], y2 (t) = e t [2 cos(3t) 2 sin(3t)]
24. Consider the initial value problem for the system of first-order di↵erential equations
y10 = 2y2 + 1, y1 (0) = 2

y20 = 8y1 + 2, y2 (0) = 1.

0 -2
If the matrix has eigenvalues 1 = 4, 2 = 4 and corresponding
-8 0
 
1 1
eigenvectors V1 = , V2 = , then it has solution
2 -2
1 3 1 1 4t 1
(A) y1 (t) = e4t + e 4t + , y2 (t) = e e 4t + ,
4 2 4 2 2
5 4t 1 4t 1 5 4t 1
(B) y1 (t) = e + e + , y2 (t) = e + e 4t + ,
4 2 4 2 2
1 4t 3 5 1
(C) y1 (t) = e + e 4t + , y2 (t) = e4t + 2e 4t ,
4 4 2 2
5 1 1 5 4t 3
(D) y1 (t) = e4t + e 4t + , y2 (t) = e + e 4t ,
4 2 4 4 4
1 1 5 5 4t 1 4t
(E) y1 (t) = e4t + e 4t + , y2 (t) = e + e + 1.
4 2 4 2 2

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23
1 1 2
25. Suppose the matrix A =4 1 2 1 5 has three distinct eigenvalues 1 = 4, 2 = 1
2 1 1
2 3 2 3
1 1
and 3 = 1 with the corresponding eigenvectors as V1 = 4 1 5, V2 = 4 -2 5,
1 1
2 3 2 3
1 3
V3 = 4 0 5, then the unique solution of Y 0 = A Y subject to Y (0) = 4 -1 5 is
-1 1
given by
0 4t 1 0 4t 1
e + et + e t 2e + 2et e t
(A) Y (t) = @ e4t 2et A (B) Y (t) = @ e4t 3et + e t A
e4t et + e t e4t + et e t
0 1 0 1
e4t + et + e t e4t + et + e t
(C) Y (t) = @ e4t 2et A (D) Y (t) = @ e4t 2et A
e + et e
4t t 4t
e +e +et t
0 1
e4t + et + e t
(E) Y (t) = @ e4t 2e t A
4t
e +e +et t

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Laplace Transforms
n o n o n o
01. L K1 f1 (t) + K2 f2 (t) (s) = K1 L f1 (t) (s) + K2 L f2 (t) (s)
n o n o
02. L y (n) (t) = sn L y(t) (s) sn 1 y(0) sn 2 y 0 (0) · · · y (n 1) (0) n = 1, 2, 3, · · ·
n o n o
03. L ea t f (t) (s) = L f (t) s a
n o n o
04. L ua (t) f (t) (s) = L f t + a (s) e a s
n o ✓ n o ◆
d
05. L t f (t) (s) = L f (t) (s)
ds
n o n! n o n!
06. L tn (s) = n+1 , n = 0, 1, 2, · · · 07. L ea t tn (s) = n+1 , n = 0, 1, 2
s s a
n o s n o s a
08. L cos b t (s) = 2 2
09. L ea t cos b t (s) =
s +b (s a)2 + b2
n o b n o b
10. L sin b t (s) = 2 2
11. L ea t sin b t (s) =
s +b (s a)2 + b2
n o e as n o 1
12. L ua (t) (s) = 13. L ea t (s) =
s s a
Inverse Laplace Transforms
n o n o n o
1
01. L K1 F1 (s) + K2 F2 (s) (t) = K1 L 1 F1 (s) (t) + K2 L 1 F2 (s) (t)
n o n o n o n o
02. L 1 F s (t) = ea t L 1 F (s + a) (t) or L 1 F s a (t) = ea t L 1 F (s) (t)
n o n o ne as o
03. L 1 F (s) e a s (t) = ua (t) L 1 F (s) t a L 1 (t) = ua (t)
n o s
04. L 1 {F 0 (s)} (t) = t L 1 F (s) (t)
n 1 o tn n 1 o tn
1 1
05. L n+1
(t) = n = 0, 1, 2, · · · 06. L n+1
(t) = ea t n = 0, 1, 2
ns s o n! n (s sa) a o n!
07. L 1 2 (t) = cos b t 08. L 1 (t) = ea t cos b t
s + b2 (s a)2 + b2
n 1 o 1 n 1 o 1
09. L 1 2 2
(t) = sin b t 10. L 1 2 2
(t) = ea t sin b t
s +b b (s a) + b b
Trigonometric Identities
1. cos2 (✓) + sin2 (✓) = 1 2. cos(2 ✓) = cos2 (✓) sin2 (✓) 3. sin(2 ✓) = 2 cos(✓) sin(✓)
4. 2 cos2 (✓) = 1 + cos(2 ✓) 5. 2 sin2 (✓) = 1 cos(2 ✓) 6. cos(✓ ± ⇡) = cos(✓)
7. sin(✓ ± ⇡) = sin(✓) 8. cos(✓ ± 2 ⇡) = cos(✓) 9. sin(✓ ± 2 ⇡) = sin(✓)

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Answers to the final exam - fall 2013

1-B 2-E
3-C 4-A
5-B 6-C
7-D 8-E
9-D 10 - A
11 - B 12 - A
13 - E 14 - A
15 - E 16 - A
17 - D 18 - C
19 - E 20 - A
21 - D 22 - B
23 - D 24 - B
25 - C
Comment: this year, # 19-21, 24 are not in the framework of the course. # 7 is also
not in the framework of the course, though you can check the second solution by substitut-
ing in the equation.
Final exam 2012: 01,15,16, 25-28 are not in the framework of the course.
Final exam 2014: 13,14,16,22-25 are not in the framework of the course.
Final exam 2010: Part B, 7-10 are not in the framework of the course.

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Amat 307 Midterm Test Fall 2014
1. The following di¤erential equation y 00 y 0 + t2 y 00 = y 3 cos (t) is
A) Third order, nonlinear

B) Third order, linear
C) Second order, nonlinear
D) Second order, linear
E) Second order, Bernoulli
2. The solution of the di¤erential equation ty 0 + y = 0 satisfying the initial condition y(1) = 2 is
A) y = 1 + t
2
B) y =
t
C) y = 3 t
D) y = 2(ln(t) + 1)
E) y = ln(et 1
+ 1)
3. The solution of the di¤erential equation 2ty 0 y = 6t; t > 0; satisfying the initial condition y(1) = 4 is
A) y = 3t1=2 + t 1=2
B) y = 3t3=2 + t1=2
1=2
C) y = 2(t + t )
D) y = 6t 2t1=2
E) None of the above.
1
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dy
4. The equation y 2 3xa y b = 3x2 y 3 x is exact
dx
A) for any a; b
B) never
C) for a = 2, b = 3 only
D) for a = 3, b = 2 only
E) for a = b = 3 only
5. A tank initially contains 1000 litres of pure water. A solution with a salt concentration of 2.5 g/litre is added
to the tank at 4 litres/minute, and the resulting mixture is drained out at 4 litres/minute. Which of the
following initial value problems describe the amount Q(t) of salt in the tank at time t?
1
A) Q0 (t) + Q(t) = 10; Q(0) = 1000
250
1
B) Q0 (t) + Q(t) = 10; Q(0) = 0
250
1
C) Q0 (t) + Q(t) = 10; Q(0) = 0
1000 + 4t
1
D) Q0 (t) + Q(t) = 10; Q(0) = 1000
25
2
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6. The mass of a radioactive substance is 20 g at t = 0. After 100 hours, 10 g of the radioactive material remains.
What is the mass in grams m(t) after t hours?
ln 2
A) m(t) = 20 e 100 t
ln 2
B) m(t) = 20 e 100 t
ln 2
C) m(t) = 10 e 100 t
ln 2
D) m(t) = 10 e 100 t
ln 2
E) m(t) = 20 e 50 t
7. A solution for the exact di¤erential equation (2x + y 3 )dx + (3xy 2 + 1)dy = 0; with initial condition y(1) = 1
is
A) 3xy 2 + y + x2 = 3
B) x2 + y 3 + x = 1
C) x2 + xy 3 + y = 1
D) x2 + xy 3 = 0
E) x2 + y 3 = 0
3
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8. According to the Euler numerical approximation method for y 0 (t) = cos(t)y +et with initial condition y(0) = 1
and step size t = 0:5, the …rst two approximate values y(0:5) and y(1) obtained are
A) y(0:5) 3, y(1) 3 + 3 cos(0:5) + e0:5
B) y(0:5) 2, y(1) 2 + 2 cos(0:5) + e0:5
C) y(0:5) 3, y(1) 7
D) y(0:5) 3, y(1) 3 + cos(0:5) + 1
E) y(0:5) 2, y(1) 2 + 0:5(2 cos(0:5) + e0:5 )
9. After the substitution u(t) = y a the di¤erential equation ty 0 + y = (ty) 3=2

becomes a linear di¤erential
equation in u = u(t) when
A) a = 5=2
B) a = 1=2
C) a = 5=2
D) a = 1=2
E) a = 3=2
x 1
10. The largest interval on which a unique solution to (x + 3)y 00 + x 3y
0
+y = x+2 ; y(1) = 2 is guaranteed
to exist is
A) ( 3; 0)
B) ( 2; 1)
C) ( 3; 3)
D) (0; 3)
E) ( 2; 3)
4
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11. The solution to the initial value problem 3y 00 3y 0 6y = 0, y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 1 is given by:
1 x 2 2x
A) e + e
3 3
1 x 2 2x
B) e + e
3 3
x 2x
C) 3e 2e
4 x 1 2x
D) e e
3 3
12. The solution to the initial value problem 2y 00 4y 0 + 10y = 0, y( 4 ) = 1, y 0 ( 4 ) = 0 is given by:
A) e 2 e2t cos(4t) + e 2 e2t sin(4t)

B) e 4 et cos(4t) + e 4 et sin(4t)
1
C) e 4 et cos(2t) + e 4 et sin(2t)
2
1 1
D) e 4 et cos(2t) + e 4 et sin(2t)
2 2
1
E) cos(2t) + sin(2t)
2
5
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13. If 2 + ln(2)te3t is a solution to a homogeneous constant coe¢ cient linear di¤erential equation, then so also
must be
A) ln(2) 2t2 e3t

B) 2(e3t sin(2))
C) te3t cos(2) t2
D) 2t(e3t + 1)
14. Let y1 (t) and y2 (t) be two solutions of the di¤erential equation ty 00 + cos(t)y 0 3y = t ln t; t > 0: Which of
the following is also a solution of this equation?
A) y1 (t) + y2 (t)
B) 2y1 (t) 3y2 (t)
C) y1 (t) y2 (t)
D) 3y2 (t) 2y1 (t)
E) y1 (t) 2y2 (t)
15. According to the method of undetermined coe¢ cients, a particular solution to y 00 2y 0 +2y = t2 et cos(t)+te 3t
is of the form (where A0 ; A1 ; A2 ; B0 ; B1 ; B2 ; C0 ; C1 are real constants)
A) (A0 t2 + A1 t + A2 )et cos(t) + C0 te 3t
B) (A0 t3 + A1 t2 + A2 t)et cos(t) + (B0 t3 + B1 t2 + B2 t)et sin(t) + (C0 t + C1 )e 3t
C) (A0 t2 + A1 t + A2 )et cos(t) + (B0 t2 + B1 t + B2 )et sin(t) + (C0 t + C1 )e 3t
D) (A0 t3 + A1 t2 + A2 t)et cos(t) + (C0 t + C1 )e 3t
E) (A0 t3 + A1 t2 + A2 t)et cos(t) + (B0 t3 + B1 t2 + B2 t)et sin(t) + C0 te 3t
6
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16. According to the method of undetermined coe¢ cients, a particular solution to
y (4) + 2y 00 + y = (x 2)e2x + (x 1) cos(x)
is of the form (where A0 ; A1 ; B0 ; B1 ; C0 ; C1 are real constants)
A) e2x (A0 x + A1 ) + [(B0 x + B1 ) cos(x) + (C0 x + C1 ) sin(x)]

B) e2x (A0 x2 + A1 x) + [B0 cos(x) + C0 sin(x)]
C) e2x (A0 x3 + A1 x2 ) + (B0 x3 + B1 x2 ) cos(x)
D) e2x (A0 x + A1 ) + [(B0 x3 + B1 x2 ) cos(x) + (C0 x3 + C1 x2 ) sin(x)]
E) e2x (A0 x + A1 ) + [B0 cos(x) + C0 sin(x)]
17. The equation y 00 + by 0 + cy = 0, where y is a function of t, has a solution e2t cos(3t)

A) for b = 4, c = 5 only
B) for b = 4, c = 9 only
C) for b = 4, c = 13 only
D) for b = 4, c = 13 only
E) None of the above
18. Let y1 and y2 be solutions of y 00 3y 0 +q(t)y = 0 such that their Wronskian at t = 0 equals 1: W (y1 ; y2 )(0) = 1.
Then the Wronskian at t = 2
A) cannot be found: insu¢ cient data
B) W (y1 ; y2 )(2) = 2
C) W (y1 ; y2 )(2) = e 3
D) W (y1 ; y2 )(2) = 3
E) W (y1 ; y2 )(2) = e6
7
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19. There is a homogeneous constant coe¢ cient linear ordinary di¤erential equation of order m for which the
function y(t) = 5t cos(t) + 10 is a solution. This is true when
A) m = 2
B) m = 3
C) m = 4
D) m = 5
20. The unique solution to the di¤erential equation y 00 2y 0 3y = 9t with initial conditions y(0) = 2; and
y 0 (0) = 1 is:
A) y = e3t e t
3t + 2
3 3t 5 t
B) y = e + e 3t
4 4
3t
C) y = e + et 3t + 2
3 3t 5
D) y = e + et 3t
4 4
8
lOMoARcPSD|1765564
Extra workspace
9
lOMoARcPSD|1765564
Amat 307 Midterm Test Fall 2014
1. The following di¤erential equation y 00 y 0 + t2 y 00 = y 3 cos t is

A) Third order, nonlinear
B) Third order, linear
C) Second order, nonlinear (*)
D) Second order, linear
E) Second order, Bernoulli
2. The solution of the di¤erential equation ty 0 + y = 0 satisfying the initial condition y(1) = 2 is
A) y = 1 + t
2
B) y = (*)
t
C) y = 3 t
D) y = 2(ln(t) + 1)
E) y = ln(et 1
+ 1)
3. The solution of the di¤erential equation 2ty 0 y = 6t; t > 0; satisfying the initial condition y(1) = 4 is
1=2 1=2
A) y = 3t +t
3=2
B) y = 3t + t1=2
1=2
C) y = 2(t + t )
1=2
D) y = 6t 2t (*)
dy
4. The equation y 2 3xa y b = 3x2 y 3 x is exact
dx
A) for any a; b
B) never
C) for a = 2, b = 3 only
D) for a = 3, b = 2 only (*)
E) for a = b = 3 only
5. A tank initially contains 1000 litres of pure water. A solution with a salt concentration of 2.5 g/litre is added
to the tank at 4 litres/minute, and the resulting mixture is drained out at 4 litres/minute. Which of the
following initial value problems describe the amount Q(t) of salt in the tank at time t?
1
A) Q0 (t) + Q(t) = 10; Q(0) = 1000
250
1
B) Q0 (t) + Q(t) = 10; Q(0) = 0 (*)
250
1
C) Q0 (t) + Q(t) = 10; Q(0) = 0
1000 + 4t
1
D) Q0 (t) + Q(t) = 10; Q(0) = 1000
25
1
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6. The mass of a radioactive substance is 20 g at t = 0. After 100 hours, 10 g of the radioactive material remains.
What is the mass in grams m(t) after t hours?
ln 2
A) Q(t) = 20 e 100 t (*)
ln 2
B) Q(t) = 20 e 100 t
ln 2
C) Q(t) = 10 e 100 t
ln 2
D) Q(t) = 10 e 100 t
ln 2
E) Q(t) = 20 e 50 t
7. A solution for the exact di¤erential equation (2x + y 3 )dx + (3xy 2 + 1)dy = 0; with initial condition y(1) = 1
is
A) 3xy 2 + y + x2 = 3
B) x2 + y 3 + x = 1
C) x2 + xy 3 + y = 1 (*)
2 3
D) x + xy = 0
E) x2 + y 3 = 0
8. According to the Euler numerical approximation method for y 0 (t) = cos(t)y +et with initial condition y(0) = 1
and step size t = 0:5, the …rst two approximate values y(0:5) and y(1) obtained are
A) y(0:5) 3, y(1) 3 + 3 cos(0:5) + e0:5
B) y(0:5) 2, y(1) 2 + 2 cos(0:5) + e0:5
C) y(0:5) 3, y(1) 7
D) y(0:5) 3, y(1) 3 + cos(0:5) + 1
E) y(0:5) 2, y(1) 2 + 0:5(2 cos(0:5) + e0:5 ) (*)
9. After the substitution u(t) = y a the di¤erential equation ty 0 + y = (ty) 3=2

becomes a linear di¤erential
equation in u = u(t) when
A) a = 5=2 (*)
B) a = 1=2
C) a = 5=2
D) a = 1=2
E) a = 3=2
x
10. The largest interval on which a unique solution to the initial value problem (x + 3)y 00 + x 3y
0
+y =
1
x+2 ; y(1) = 2 is guaranteed to exist is
A) ( 3; 0)
B) ( 2; 1)
C) ( 3; 3)
D) (0; 3)
E) ( 2; 3) (*)
2
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11. The solution to the initial value problem: 3y 00 3y 0 6y = 0, y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 1 is given by:
1 x 2 2x
A) e + e (*)
3 3
1 x 2 2x
B) e + e
3 3
x
C) 3e 2e 2x
4 1 2x
D) e x e
3 3
12. The solution to the initial value problem: 2y 00 4y 0 + 10y = 0, y( 4 ) = 1, y 0 ( 4 ) = 0 is given by:
A) e 2 e2t cos(4t) + e 2 e2t sin(4t)
B) e 4 et cos(4t) + e 4 et sin(4t)
1
C) e 4 et cos(2t) + e 4 et sin(2t) (*)
2
1 1
D) e 4 et cos(2t) + e 4 et sin(2t)
2 2
1
E) cos(2t) + sin(2t)
2
13. If 2 + ln(2)te3t is a solution to a homogeneous constant coe¢ cient linear di¤erential equation, then so also
must be
A) ln(2) 2t2 e3t
B) 2(e3t sin(2)) (*)
3t
C) te cos(2) t2
3t
D) 2t(e + 1)
14. Let y1 (t) and y2 (t) be two solutions of the di¤erential equation ty 00 + cos(t)y 0 3y = t ln t; t > 0: Which of
the following is also a solution of this equation?
A) y1 (t) + y2 (t)
B) 2y1 (t) 3y2 (t)
C) y1 (t) y2 (t)
D) 3y2 (t) 2y1 (t) (*)
E) y1 (t) 2y2 (t)
15. According to the method of undetermined coe¢ cients, a particular solution to the equation y 00 2y 0 + 2y =
t2 et cos(t) + te 3t is of the form (where A0 ; A1 ; A2 ; B0 ; B1 ; B2 ; C0 ; C1 are real constants)
A) (A0 t2 + A1 t + A2 )et cos(t) + C0 te 3t
B) (A0 t3 + A1 t2 + A2 t)et cos(t) + (B0 t3 + B1 t2 + B2 t)et sin(t) + (C0 t + C1 )e 3t

(*)
2 t 2 t 3t
C) (A0 t + A1 t + A2 )e cos(t) + (B0 t + B1 t + B2 )e sin(t) + (C0 t + C1 )e
D) (A0 t3 + A1 t2 + A2 t)et cos(t) + (C0 t + C1 )e 3t
E) (A0 t3 + A1 t2 + A2 t)et cos(t) + (B0 t3 + B1 t2 + B2 t)et sin(t) + C0 te 3t
16. According to the method of undetermined coe¢ cients, a particular solution to the equation y (4) + 2y 00 + y =
(x 2)e2x + (x 1) cos(x) is of the form (where A0 ; A1 ; B0 ; B1 ; C0 ; C1 are real constants)
A) e2x (A0 x + A1 ) + [(B0 x + B1 ) cos(x) + (C0 x + C1 ) sin(x)]
B) e2x (A0 x2 + A1 x) + [B0 cos(x) + C0 sin(x)]
C) e2x (A0 x3 + A1 x2 ) + (B0 x3 + B1 x2 ) cos(x)
D) e2x (A0 x + A1 ) + [(B0 x3 + B1 x2 ) cos(x) + (C0 x3 + C1 x2 ) sin(x)] (*)
E) e2x (A0 x + A1 ) + [B0 cos(x) + C0 sin(x)]
3
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17. The equation y 00 + by 0 + cy = 0, where y is a function of t, has a solution e2t cos(3t)

A) for b = 4, c = 5 only
B) for b = 4, c = 9 only
C) for b = 4, c = 13 only (*)
D) for b = 4, c = 13 only
18. Let y1 and y2 be solutions of y 00 3y +q(t)y = 0 such that their Wronskian at t = 0 equals 1: W (y1 ; y2 )(0) = 1.
Then the Wronskian at t = 2
A) cannot be found: insu¢ cient data
B) W (y1 ; y2 )(2) = 2
C) W (y1 ; y2 )(2) = e 3
D) W (y1 ; y2 )(2) = 3
E) W (y1 ; y2 )(2) = e6 (*)
19. There is a homogeneous constant coe¢ cient linear ordinary di¤erential equation of order m for which the
function y(t) = 5t cos(t) + 10 is a solution. This is true when
A) m = 2
B) m = 3
C) m = 4
D) m = 5 (*)
20. The unique solution to the di¤erential equation y 00 2y 0 3y = 9t with initial conditions y(0) = 2; and
y 0 (0) = 1 is:
A) y = e3t e t 3t + 2 (*)
3 5
B) y = e3t + e t 3t
4 4
C) y = e 3t + et 3t + 2
3 5
D) y = e 3t + et 3t
4 4
4
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Page 0 of 12

UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS
FINAL EXAM
AMAT 307 Fall 2014
DATE: December 9 Time: 2 hours

Student ID Number: Last Name: First Name:

There are 25 questions.
The last page is a table of Laplace transforms.

EXAMINATION RULES

1. This is a closed book examination.
2. A Schulich calculator is allowed for this test, no other aids are allowed.
3. Your answers must be entered on the scantron sheet
4. Scantron sheets must be filled out during the exam time limit. No additional time
will be granted to fill in scantron form.
5. The use of personal electronic or communication devices is prohibited.
6. A University of Calgary Student ID card is required to write the Final Examination and
could be requested for midterm examinations. If adequate ID isn’t present the
student must complete an Identification Form.
7. Students late in arriving will not be permitted after one‐half hour of the examination
time has passed.
8. No student will be permitted to leave the examination room during the first 30
minutes, nor during the last 15 minutes of the examination. Students must stop
writing and hand in their exam immediately when time expires.
9. All inquiries and requests must be addressed to the exam supervisor.
10. Students are strictly cautioned against:
a. communicating to other students;
b. leaving answer papers exposed to view;
c. attempting to read other students’ examination papers
11. Once the examination has been handed in for marking, a student cannot request
that the examination be cancelled. Retroactive withdrawals from the course will be
denied.
12. Failure to comply with these regulations will result in rejection of the examination
paper.

lOMoARcPSD|1765564
Amat 307 Final Test Fall 2014
1. The solution to the initial value problem y 0 + y = e t

cos t; y(0) = 3; is
t t
A) 3e + e sin t
B) 3e t e t sin t
C) e t + 2e t cos t
D) 2et + et cos t
E) 3et + et sin t
2. A tank contains 100 litres of water. A solution with salt concentration 0:004 kg per litre starts ‡owing into
the tank at the rate 6 litres per minute, and well stirred mixture ‡ows out of tank at the same rate 6 litres per
minute. The amount of salt in the tank in the limit (as time grows and tends to in…nity)
A) equals 0:1 kg
B) equals 0:2 kg
C) equals 0:3 kg
D) equals 0:4 kg
E) depends on the initial amount of salt in the tank
3. Consider the exact equation (2x y)dx + (2y x)dy = 0; y(1) = 3: The solution is
A) 2x2 xy + y 2 = 8
B) x2 2xy + y 2 = 4
C) x2 + xy + y 2 = 13
D) x2 xy + y 2 = 7
E) x2 xy + 2y 2 = 16
1
lOMoARcPSD|1765564
4. Apply Euler’s approximation method once to the initial value problem y 0 = 2 cos(ty); y(0) = 1; to …nd the
approximate value y(t1 ) = y(h) 1:1: The step size h is
A) h = 0:05
B) h = 0:1
C) h = 0:5
D) h = 0:55
E) h=1
5. The solution to the initial value problem: y (4) 5y 00 + 4y = 0; y(0) = 1; y 0 (0) = 0; y 00 (0) = 0; y (3) (0) = 0 is
given by:
x 1 1
A) e ex + e 3x + e 3x
2 2
1 1
B) e x ex + e2x + e 2x
2 2
2 x 2 x 1 2x 1 2x
C) e + e e e
3 3 6 6
1 1 1 1
D) e x + ex + e3x + e 3x
3 3 6 6
6. The solution to the initial value problem: x(3) x0 = t; x(0) = 1; x0 (0) = 0; x00 (0) = 0 is given by:
A) cos(t) sin(t) + t2 et
1 1 1 2
B) e t + et t
2 2 2
t t 2
C) 2e e +t
1 2
D) e t et + 1 t
2
2
lOMoARcPSD|1765564
7. The smallest order m of a homogeneous real constant coe¢ cient linear ordinary di¤erential equation with a
solution x(t) = 5t2 ln(10)e2t is
A) m = 2
B) m = 3
C) m = 4
D) m = 5
E) There is no such homogeneous equation
8. Let y1 , y2 and y3 be three solutions of the di¤erential equation ty (3) + t sin(t)y 00 + y 0 + ln(t)y = 0; t > 0:
Assume that the Wronskian of y1 , y2 and y3 at t = is equal to 5; W (y1 ; y2 ; y3 )( 2 ) = 5. Then W (y1 ; y2 ; y3 )( )
2
is equal to:
A) 5e1
B) 5e 1
C) 5e
D) e 1
E) 5e 1
9. A particular solution of the di¤erential equation: y 00 + y = sec(t), 0 < t < 2, is given by:
A) cos(t) ln(cos(t)) + t sin(t)
B) cos(t) ln(cos(t)) + sin(t)
C) cos(t) ln(cos(t)) t sin(t)
D) cos(t) ln(cos(t)) + t sin(t)
3
lOMoARcPSD|1765564
10. According to the method of undetermined coe¢ cients, a particular solution to the equation
y 00 4y 0 + 5y = te2t sin(t) + e2t is of the following form, where A0 ; A1 ; B0 ; B1 ; C0 ; C1 are real constants:
A) (A0 t + A1 )e2t cos(t) + (B0 t + B1 )e2t sin(t) + C0 e2t
B) (A0 t + A1 )e2t cos(t) + (B0 t + B1 )e2t sin(t) + (C0 t + C1 )e2t
C) A0 te2t cos(t) + B0 te2t sin(t) + C0 e2t
D) A0 t2 e2t cos(t) + B0 t2 e2t sin(t) + C0 e2t
E) (A0 t2 + A1 t)e2t cos(t) + (B0 t2 + B1 t)e2t sin(t) + C0 e2t
11. The equation y (4) 2y (2) + y = te t + et cos(t) has a particular solution to the equation is of the following
form, where A0 ; A1 ; B0 ; B1 ; C0 are real constants:
A) (A0 t2 + A1 t)e t + B0 t2 et cos(t) + C0 t2 et sin(t)
B) (A0 t2 + A1 t)e t + (B0 t + B1 )et cos(t) + (C0 t + C1 )et sin(t)
C) (A0 t + A1 )e t + B0 et cos(t) + C0 et sin(t)
D) (A0 t3 + A1 t2 )e t + B0 et cos(t) + C0 et sin(t)
E) (A0 t3 + A1 t2 )e t + B0 t2 et cos(t) + C0 t2 et sin(t)
12. Suppose et cos(2t) 2e t

is a solution of y 000 + ay 00 + by 0 + cy = 0; where a; b and c are real constants, then
A) a = 3; b = 7; c = 5
B) a = 1; b = 3; c = 5
C) a = 1; b = 3; c = 5
D) a = 3; b = 7; c = 5
4
lOMoARcPSD|1765564
t 1 (t + 2) (t + 1) 1 ln jtj
13. The largest interval on which a unique solution to y0 = 2 1 y+ ;
(t + 9) (t 2) 1 1
0
y(1) = is guaranteed to exist is
1
A) ( 1; 2)
B) ( 3; 3)
C) (0; 2 )
D) ( 2; 2)
E) The empty set
i
14. A 2 2 matrix A has an eigenvalue 2i with eigenvector : A particular solution yp to the system
1
0
y0 = Ay + is
2
1
A) yp (t) =
0
cos2 (2t) sin2 (2t)
B) yp (t) =
0
1
C) yp (t) =
0
2 sin(2t) cos(2t)
D) yp (t) =
1
5
lOMoARcPSD|1765564
15. Which of the following linear di¤erential equations can be written as the linear system x0 = Ax where
2 3 2 3
0 1 0 y
A=4 0 0 1 5 and x = 4 y 0 5 for some function y = y(t)?
cos(t) t sin(t) y 00
A) y 000 cos(t)y 00 + ty 0 sin(t)y = 0

000 00 0
B) y + cos(t)y ty + sin(t)y = 0
C) y 000 sin(t)y 00 + ty 0 cos(t)y = 0
000 00 0
D) y sin(t)y ty + cos(t)y = 0
E) y 000 + sin(t)y 00 ty 0 + cos(t)y = 0
23 2 3
1 1 0 0
16. Solve x0 = Ax where A = 4 0 0 2 5 ; x(0) = 4 5 5 where you already know A has eigenvalues
0 1 3 2
2 3 2 3
1 1
f1; 1; 2g; and 4 0 5 ; 4 1 5 are eigenvectors for 1 and 2 respectively. The unique solution x(t) is
0 1
2 t 2t
3
2te + 3e
A) 4 2et 4tet + 3e2t 5
et 4tet + 3e2t
2 t 3
e + 6tet e2t
B) 4 6et e2t 5
t 2t
3e e
2 3
2et + 5tet + e2t
C) 4 5e2t 5
2t
2e
2 t 3
e e2t
D) 4 6et e2t 5
3et e2t
6
lOMoARcPSD|1765564
17. The Laplace transform of u2 (t)(t2 4) is

2
2s 4
A) e 3
( )
s s
2 4
B) e 2s ( 3 )
s s2
2 4
C) e 2s ( 3 + )
s s
2s 2 4
D) e ( 3 + 2)
s s
1
18. The inverse Laplace transform of is
s(s2 + 1)
A) 1 + sin(t)
B) 1 sin(t)
C) 1 + cos(t)
D) 1 cos(t)
E) cos(t) sin(t)
2s s+6
19. The inverse Laplace transform of e is
s3 3s2
A) u2 (t)[ 5 2t + e3(t+2) ]
B) u2 (t)[ 1 2t + e3t ]
C) u2 (t)[3 2t + e3(t 2)
]
2t
D) e [3 2t + e3(t 2)
]
2t 3(t 2)
E) e [ 1 2t + e ]
7
lOMoARcPSD|1765564
20. Using the functions uc (t) the following piece-wise continuous function
8
< 1; t<2
f (t) = t + sin t 1; 2 t < 5
: 3
t + t + sin t; 5 t
can be re-written as
A) f (t) = 1 + u2 (t)[t + sin t] + u5 (t)[t3 + 1]
B) f (t) = 1 + u2 (t)[t + sin t 1] + u5 (t)[t3 + 1]
C) f (t) = u2 (t)[t + sin t 1] + u5 (t)[t3 + 1]
D) f (t) = 1 + u2 (t)[t + sin t 1] + u5 (t)[t3 + t + sin t]
E) f (t) = u2 (t)[t + sin t 1] + u5 (t)[t3 + t + sin t]
21. If F (s) is the Laplace transform of the function

8
< 1; 0 t < 1
f (t) = 1; 1 t < 2
:
3; t 2
then
1 + 2e s + 2e 2s
A) F (s) =
s 1
1 + e s + 3e 2s
B) F (s) =
s
1 + 2e s + 2e 2s
C) F (s) =
s
1 + e s + 2e 2s
D) F (s) =
s+1
1 2e s 2e 2s
E) F (s) =
s
8
lOMoARcPSD|1765564
X1
2n xn
22. The largest open interval on which the power series converges is
n=1
(n + 2)!
1 1
A) ( ; )
2 2
B) ( 1; 1)
C) ( 2; 2)
D) ( 1; 1)
E) There is no interval, the series converges for x = 0 only
1
X (x 3)2n
n=0
4n
A) ( 1; 1)
B) ( 4; 4)
C) ( 2; 2)
D) ( 1; 7)
E) (1; 5)
9
lOMoARcPSD|1765564
1
X
24. For the series solution an tn of the equation y 00 + (t 1)y 0 + 3y = 0 the recurrence relation satis…ed by
n=0
the coe¢ cients a0 ; a1 ; a2 ; a3 ; : : : is
A) n(n 1)an + (t 1)an + 3an = 0
B) (n + 2)(n + 1)an+2 (n + 1)an+1 + (n + 3)an = 0
C) (n + 2)(n + 1)an an+1 + (n + 3)an = 0
D) (n + 2)(n + 1)an+2 nan+1 + 3an = 0
E) (n + 2)(n + 1)an (n + 1)an + (n + 3)an = 0
P1
25. If y = k=0 ak tk then the …rst terms y = a0 + a1 t + a2 t2 + a3 t3 + : : : of the solution to the initial value
problem y 00 + ty 0 + 3y = 1 + 5t; y(0) = 1; y 0 (0) = 2 are given by
A) y(t) = 1 + 2t + 0t2 + 3t3 + : : :
3 2 4 3
B) y(t) = 1 + 2t t t + :::
2 3
3 4
C) y(t) = 1 + 2t + t2 + t3 + : : :
2 3
2 1 3
D) y(t) = 1 + 2t + t + t + : : :
2
E) y(t) = 1 + 2t t2 12 t3 + : : :
10
lOMoARcPSD|1765564
Extra workspace
11
lOMoARcPSD|1765564
Laplace Transforms


1
f (t) = L [F(s)] F(s) = L [ f (t)]
1 1/s
n n+1
t n!/s
n at n+1
t e n!/(s – a)
sin(at) a/(s2 + a2)

cos(at) s/(s2 + a2)
sinh(at) a/(s2 – a2)
cosh(at) s/(s2 – a2)

at
e f (t) F(s – a)
– as
ua (t) e /s
– as
ua(t) f (t – a) e F(s)
n n n1 (n1)
f (t) s F(s) s f (0) … f (0)
n (n)
(t) f (t) F (s)
f (at) (1/a)F(s/a)


Notes: Here n = 0,1,2,…
The function ua(t) = h(t-a) where h(t) is the Heaviside function

lOMoARcPSD|1765564
Amat 307 Final Test Fall 2014
1. The solution to the initial value problem y 0 + y = e t

cos t; y(0) = 3; is
t t
A) 3e + e sin t *
B) 3e t e t sin t
C) e t + 2e t cos t
D) 2et + et cos t
E) 3et + et sin t
2. A tank contains 100 litres of water. A solution with salt concentration 0:004 kg per litre starts ‡owing into
the tank at the rate 6 litres per minute, and well stirred mixture ‡ows out of tank at the same rate 6 litres per
minute. The amount of salt in the tank in the limit (as time grows and tends to in…nity)
A) equals 0:1 kg
B) equals 0:2 kg
C) equals 0:3 kg
D) equals 0:4 kg *
E) depends on the initial amount of salt in the tank
3. Consider the exact equation (2x y)dx + (2y x)dy = 0; y(1) = 3: The solution is
A) 2x2 xy + y 2 = 8
B) x2 2xy + y 2 = 4
C) x2 + xy + y 2 = 13
D) x2 xy + y 2 = 7 *
E) x2 xy + 2y 2 = 16
1
lOMoARcPSD|1765564
4. Apply Euler’s approximation method once to the initial value problem y 0 = 2 cos(ty); y(0) = 1; to …nd the
approximate value y(t1 ) = y(h) 1:1: The step size h is
A) h = 0:05 *
B) h = 0:1
C) h = 0:5
D) h = 0:55
E) h=1
5. The solution to the initial value problem: y (4) 5y 00 + 4y = 0; y(0) = 1; y 0 (0) = 0; y 00 (0) = 0; y (3) (0) = 0 is
given by:
x 1 1
A) e ex + e 3x + e 3x
2 2
1 1
B) e x ex + e2x + e 2x
2 2
2 x 2 x 1 2x 1 2x
C) e + e e e (*)
3 3 6 6
1 1 1 1
D) e x + ex + e3x + e 3x
3 3 6 6
6. The solution to the initial value problem: x(3) x0 = t; x(0) = 1; x0 (0) = 0; x00 (0) = 0 is given by:
A) cos(t) sin(t) + t2 et
1 1 1 2
B) e t + et t (*)
2 2 2
t t 2
C) 2e e +t
1 2
D) e t et + 1 t
2
2
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7. The smallest order m of a homogeneous real constant coe¢ cient linear ordinary di¤erential equation with a
solution x(t) = 5t2 ln(10)e2 is
A) m = 2
B) m = 3 *
C) m = 4
D) m = 5
E) m = 6
8. Let y1 , y2 and y3 be three solutions of the di¤erential equation ty (3) + t sin(t)y 00 + y 0 + ln(t)y = 0; t > 0:
Assume that the Wronskian of y1 , y2 and y3 at t = is equal to 5; W (y1 ; y2 ; y3 )( 2 ) = 5. Then W (y1 ; y2 ; y3 )( )
2
is equal to:
A) 5e1
B) 5e 1
C) 5e
D) e 1
E) 5e 1 (*)
9. A particular solution of the di¤erential equation: y 00 + y = sec(t), 0 < t < 2, is given by:
A) cos(t) ln(cos(t)) + t sin(t) (*)
B) cos(t) ln(cos(t)) + sin(t)
C) cos(t) ln(cos(t)) t sin(t)
D) cos(t) ln(cos(t)) + t sin(t)
3
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10. According to the method of undetermined coe¢ cients, a particular solution to the equation
y 00 4y 0 + 5y = te2t sin(t) + e2t is of the following form, where A0 ; A1 ; B0 ; B1 ; C0 ; C1 are real constants:
A) (A0 t + A1 )e2t cos(t) + (B0 t + B1 )e2t sin(t) + C0 e2t
B) (A0 t + A1 )e2t cos(t) + (B0 t + B1 )e2t sin(t) + (C0 t + C1 )e2t
C) A0 te2t cos(t) + B0 te2t sin(t) + C0 e2t
D) A0 t2 e2t cos(t) + B0 t2 e2t sin(t) + C0 te2t
E) (A0 t2 + A1 t)e2t cos(t) + (B0 t2 + B1 t)e2t sin(t) + C0 e2t (*)
11. The equation y (4) 2y (2) + y = te t + et cos(t) has a particular solution to the equation is of the following
form, where A0 ; A1 ; B0 ; B1 ; C0 are real constants:
A) (A0 t2 + A1 t)e t + B0 t2 et cos(t) + C0 t2 et sin(t)
B) (A0 t2 + A1 t)e t + (B0 t + B1 )et cos(t) + (C0 t + C1 )et sin(t)
C) (A0 t + A1 )e t + B0 et cos(t) + C0 et sin(t)
D) (A0 t3 + A1 t2 )e t + B0 et cos(t) + C0 et sin(t) (*)
E) (A0 t3 + A1 t2 )e t + B0 t2 et cos(t) + C0 t2 et sin(t)
12. Suppose et cos(2t) 19e t

is a solution of y 000 + ay 00 + by 0 + cy = 0; where a; b and c are real constants, then
A) a = 3; b = 7; c = 5
B) a = 1; b = 3; c = 5 *
C) a = 1; b = 3; c = 5
D) a = 3; b = 7; c = 5
4
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t 1 (t + 2) (t + 1) 1 ln jtj
13. The largest interval on which a unique solution to !
y0 = 2 1
!
y+ ;
(t + 9) (t 2) 1 1
! 0
y (1) = is guaranteed to exist is
1
A) ( 1; 2)
B) ( 3; 3)
C) (0; 2 ) *
D) ( 2; 2)
E) The empty set
i
14. A 2 2 matrix A has an eigenvalue 2i with eigenvector : A particular solution !
y p to the system
1
! 0
y 0 = A!
y + is
2
1
A) yp (t) = *
0
cos2 (2t) sin2 (2t)
B) yp (t) =
0
1
C) yp (t) =
0
2 sin(2t) cos(2t)
D) yp (t) =
1
5
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15. Which of the following linear di¤erential equations can be written as the linear system !
x 0 = A!
x where
2 3 2 3
0 1 0 y
A=4 0 0 1 5 and ! x = 4 y 0 5 for some function y = y(t)?
cos(t) t sin(t) y 00
A) y 000 cos(t)y 00 + ty 0 sin(t)y = 0

000 00 0
B) y + cos(t)y ty + sin(t)y = 0
C) y 000 sin(t)y 00 + ty 0 cos(t)y = 0 *
000 00 0
D) y sin(t)y ty + cos(t)y = 0
E) y 000 + sin(t)y 00 ty 0 + cos(t)y = 0
23 2 3
1 1 0 0
16. Solve ! x 0 = A! x where A = 4 0 0 2 5 ; ! x (0) = 4 5 5 where you already know A has eigenvalues
0 1 3 2
2 3 2 3
1 1
f1; 1; 2g; and 4 0 5 ; 4 1 5 are eigenvectors for 1 and 2 respectively. The unique solution !
x (t) is
0 1
2 3
2tet + 3e2t
A) 4 2et 4tet + 3e2t 5
et 4tet + 3e2t
2 t 3
e + 6tet e2t
B) 4 6et e2t 5*
t 2t
3e e
2 3
2et + 5tet + e2t
C) 4 5e2t 5
2t
2e
2 t 3
e e2t
D) 4 6et e2t 5
3et e2t
E) none of the above
6
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17. The Laplace transform of u2 (t)(t2 4) is

2
2s 4
A) e 3
( )
s s
2 4
B) e 2s ( 3 )
s s2
2 4
C) e 2s ( 3 + )
s s
2s 2 4
D) e ( 3 + 2) *
s s
1
18. The inverse Laplace transform of is
s(s2 + 1)
A) 1 + sin(t)
B) 1 sin(t)
C) 1 + cos(t)
D) 1 cos(t) *
E) cos(t) sin(t)
2s s+6
19. The inverse Laplace transform of e is
s3 3s2
A) u2 (t)[ 5 2t + e3(t+2) ]
B) u2 (t)[ 1 2t + e3t ]
C) u2 (t)[3 2t + e3(t 2)
]*
2t
D) e [3 2t + e3(t 2)
]
2t 3(t 2)
E) e [ 1 2t + e ]
7
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20. Using the functions uc (t) the following piece-wise continuous function
8
>
> 1; 0 t<2
<
t + sin t 1; 2 t < 5
f (t) =
>
> t3 + t + sin t; 5 t < 7
:
et + t3 ; t 7
can be re-written as
A) f (t) = 1 + u2 (t)[t + sin t] + u5 (t)[t3 + 1] + u7 (t)[et t sin t] *
B) f (t) = 1 + u2 (t)[t + sin t 1] + u5 (t)[t3 + 1] + u7 (t)[et t sin t]
3 t
C) f (t) = u2 (t)[t + sin t 1] + u5 (t)[t + 1] + u7 (t)[e t sin t]
D) f (t) = 1 + u2 (t)[t + sin t 1] + u5 (t)[t3 + t + sin t] + u7 (t)[et + t3 ]
E) f (t) = u2 (t)[t + sin t 1] + u5 (t)[t3 + t + sin t] + u7 (t)[et + t3 ]
21. If F (s) is the Laplace transform of the function

8
< 1; 0 t < 1
f (t) = 1; 1 t < 2
:
3; t 2
then
1 + 2e s + 2e 2s
A) F (s) =
s 1
1 + e s + 3e 2s
B) F (s) =
s
1 + 2e s + 2e 2s
C) F (s) = *
s
1 + e s + 2e 2s
D) F (s) =
s+1
1 2e s 2e 2s
E) F (s) =
s
8
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X1
2n xn
n=1
(n + 2)!
1 1
A) ( ; )
2 2
B) ( 1; 1)
C) ( 2; 2)
D) ( 1; 1) *
E) There is no interval, the series converges for x = 0 only
1
X (x 3)2n
n=0
4n
A) ( 1; 1)
B) ( 4; 4)
C) ( 2; 2)
D) ( 1; 7)
E) (1; 5) *
9
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1
X
24. For the series solution an tn of the equation y 00 + (t 1)y 0 + 3y = 0 the recurrence relation satis…ed by
n=0
the coe¢ cients a0 ; a1 ; a2 ; a3 ; : : : is
A) n(n 1)an + (t 1)an + 3an = 0
B) (n + 2)(n + 1)an+2 (n + 1)an+1 + (n + 3)an = 0 *
C) (n + 2)(n + 1)an an+1 + (n + 3)an = 0
D) (n + 2)(n + 1)an+2 nan+1 + 3an = 0
E) (n + 2)(n + 1)an (n + 1)an + (n + 3)an = 0
P1 P1
25. If the series y = k=0 ak tk then y 00 + ty 0 + 3y is the series k=0 (ak+2 (k + 2)(k + 1) + kak + 3ak )tk : The …rst
four terms y = a0 + a1 t + a2 t2 + a3 t3 + : : : for the series solution of the initial value problem y 00 + ty 0 + 3y = 1 + 5t;
y(0) = 1; y 0 (0) = 2 are given by
A) y(t) = 1 + 2t + 0t2 + 3t3 + : : :
3 2 4 3
B) y(t) = 1 + 2t t t + :::
2 3
3 4
C) y(t) = 1 + 2t + t2 + t3 + : : :
2 3
1
D) y(t) = 1 + 2t + t2 + t3 + : : :
2
E) y(t) = 1 + 2t t2 12 t3 + : : : *
10
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Extra workspace
11
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1.
12
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MATH 375 MIDTERM - Answers, Hints, Solutions

Monday November 2, 2015, 18:00-19:30
1. The equation y 00 + ky 0 (y 2 − 1) + 3y 000 = −2 cos(t)y 2 is

A) second order, linear B) second order, nonlinear
C) third order, linear D) third order, nonlinear
E) nonlinear, and the order depends on k
Answer. The correct answer is D).
tyy 0 = 1 − t2 for t > 0 can be written as
2. The general solution of the equationp
2
p −t +C
A) y = 2 ln(t) B) y = ± pC + 2 ln(t) − t2
C) y = ± 2 ln(t) − t2 + C D) y = ln(t2 ) + t + C
t2
E) y = ln(t) − + C
2
Answer. It is a separable equation, the correct answer is B).
5 3
3. The solution of the initial value problem x0 + x = 3 , x(1) = 4 is
t t
−5t −5 −5t 1 3
A) x = 3e + 4 − 3e B) x = 3(t − 1)e + 1 C) x = 2 + 5
t t
2 2
D) x = + 2 E) x = t3 + 3
t t
Solution. ThisR is a linear equation, after the multiplication by the integrating fac-
tor µ(t) = e (5/t) dt
= t5 we have (t5 x)0 = 3t2 , or t5 x = t3 + C, so x(t) = t12 + tC5 ,
1 3
x(1) = 1 + C = 4. Thus C = 3 and x(t) = 2 + 5 , the correct answer is C).
t t
dy
4. The general solution of the equation + y = ty 2 is
dt −1
2
t2

t −t t t −2t
A) y = Ce + t + 1 B) y = Ce + + e C) y = Ce +
2 2
1 −1
D) y = Ce−t + + 1 E) y = Cet + t + 1

t
Answer. It is a Bernoulli equation, the correct answer is E).

αx+βy dy
5. The equation e 3+ = 0 is exact
dx
A) for any α, β ∈ R B) for α = 6, β = 2 only
C) for any α = 3β ∈ R D) for α = 3, β = 1 only
E) never: there are no α ∈ R and β ∈ R such that the equation is exact
Answer. We have M (x, y) = 3eαx+βy , N (x, y) = eαx+βy , My = 3βeαx+βy , Nx =
αeαx+βy , they are equal if α = 3β ∈ R, the correct answer is C).
6. A tank, containing 1 litre of liquid, has a brine solution entering at a constant rate of
1 litres per minute. The well-stirred solution leaves the tank at the same rate. The

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concentration within the tank is monitored and found to be c(t) = e−t/10 kg/L. Then
the inflow concentration is
9
A) cin (t) = e−t/10 kg/L B) cin (t) = e−t/10 kg/L
10
1
C) cin (t) = kg/L D) cin (t) = 0 kg/L
10
E) cin (t) cannot be found: not enough data
1
Solution. Q(t) = c(t)V = e−t/10 , Q0 (t) = − e−t/10 ,
10
1 −t/10
Q0 (t) = cin rin − cout rout = cin · 1 − 1 · e−t/10 = − e ,
10
1 −t/10 9
thus cin = e−t/10 − e = e−t/10 kg/L, the correct answer is B).
10 10
r
0 7 π
7. The solution of the initial value problem xy + 6y = −7x cos(x ), y 7 = 0 is
2
1 − sin(x7 ) sin(x7 )
A) y = B) y = − 1 C) y = cos(x7 )
x6 x6
cos(x7 ) (x − π/2) sin(x7 )
D) y = E) y =
x6 x6
Answer. The equation is linear, the correct answer is A).
8. According to the existence and uniqueness theorem, the largest open interval(a, b) on
0 1
which the unique solution of the initial value problem (t − 4)y + ty = ln t − ,
t
y(2) = 5 is guaranteed to exist is
A) (−∞, ∞) B) (−1, ∞) C) (1, ∞) D) (1, 4) E) (1, 3)
Solution. To bring to the standard form, we have to divide by t − 4. The function
t
is continuous everywhere but at t = 4, while ln t − 1t /(t − 4) is defined and

t−4
continuous for t − 1t > 0, t 6= 4, or (t + 1)(t − 1)/t > 0, t ∈ (−1, 0) ∪ (1, 4) ∪ (4, ∞).
The largest interval containing 2 is (1, 4), the correct answer is D).
9. We solve the initial value problem y 0 = x3 + ln(y + 1) + x sin(y), y(1) = 0 using Euler’s
method with step size h = 0.1. Then
A) y(1.1) ≈ y1 = 1 B) y(1.1) ≈ y1 = 0.1 C) y(1.1) ≈ y1 = 0
D) y(1.1) ≈ y1 = 0.2 E) y(1.1) ≈ y1 = 2
0
Solution. y1 = y(1)+y (1)h = 0+(13 +ln(0+1)+1 sin(0))0.1 = 0+(1+0+0)0.1 = 0.1,
the correct answer is B).
10. The general solution of the equation x2 y 00 + 11xy

√
0
+ 25y = 0, x >√ 0 is
−5 (−5.5+ 21/2)x
A) y = x (C1 + C2 ln(x)) B) y = C1 e + C2 e(−5.5+ 21/2)x
C) y = C1 x−5 + C2 x−5 D) y = C1 e−5x + C2 xe−5x E) y = C1 x−5 + C2 x−6

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Solution. This is the Cauchy-Euler equation, after substitution x = ez we have the

characteristic equation r(r − 1) + 11r + 25 = r2 + 10r + 25 = (r + 5)2 = 0 for y = y(z),
the general solution is y = x−5 (C1 + C2 ln(x)), the correct answer is A).
11. A particular solution of the equation y 00 + y = 4 sin(t) is
A) y = 4 sin(t) B) y = −t cos(t) + t sin(t) C) y = −2t cos(t)
D) y = 2t sin(t) E) y = 4 cos(t) + 4 sin(t)
Solution. Since sin(t) and cos(t) are solutions of the homogeneous equation, we are
looking for a particular solution in the form y = At cos(t) + Bt sin(t), y 0 = A cos(t) −
At sin(t)+B sin(t)+Bt cos(t), y 00 = −2A sin(t)−At cos(t)+2B cos(t)−Bt sin(t). Thus
y 00 + y = −2A sin(t) − At cos(t) + 2B cos(t) − Bt sin(t) + At cos(t) + Bt sin(t)
= −2A sin(t) + 2B cos(t) = 4 sin(t), so A = −2, B = 0, the particular solution is
−2t cos(t), the correct answer is C).
12. A freshly poured coffee has a temperature of 92 degrees Celsius, and it is brought to
the room where the temperature is kept at 22 degrees. Then, for a constant k, the
coffee temperature is described by the initial value problem
A) T 0 (t) = k(92 − T (t)), T (0) = 22 B) T 0 (t) = −kT (t), T (0) = 92 C) T 0 (t) =
k(22 + T (t)), T (0) = 92
D) T 0 (t) = k(T (t) − 22), T (0) = 22 E) T 0 (t) = k(22 − T (t)), T (0) = 92
Answer. The correct answer is E).
dy
13. The general solution of the equation cos(x + y) + 3x2 + cos(x + y) = 0 is
dx
A) sin(x + y) + x3 = C B) cos(x + y) = C C) sin(x + y) = C
D) y = sin(x + y) + x3 + C E) cos(x + y) + x3 = C
Answer. The equation is exact, the correct answer is A).
14. A fundamental
t −t 3t solution setof the equation y 000 − 3y 00 + 3y 0
− y = 0 is
−3t t −t 3t t t −t

A) e , e , e , e t B) t e2 , te , e C) e , te , e
t −t
D) e , e , t E) e , te , t e
Solution. The characteristic equation is r3 − 3r2 + 3r − 1 = (r − 1)3 = 0, so r1 = r2 =
r3 = 1, the fundamental solution set is et , tet , t2 et , the correct answer is E).
1 0
15. The Wronskian for any two solutions y1 and y2 of the equation y 00 − y (t) +
1+t
q(t)y(t) = 0 can be
1
A) equal to B) equal to e1+t C) equal to (1 + t)
1+t
2
D) equal to et+t /2 E) none of the above
Solution. By Abel’s theorem,
R
−p(t) dt
W [y1 , y2 ](t) = Ce = Celn(1+t) = 1 + t,
the correct answer is C).

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16. The minimum order m of the linear homogeneous differential equation with constant
coefficients which can have a function y(t) = t2 e5t cos(2t) as a solution is
A) m = 3 B) m = 4 C) m = 5 D) m = 6 E) m = 7
Solution. The roots of the characteristic equation should be r1,2 = 2 ± 3i = r3,4 = r5,6
(t2 indicates that the multiplicity is at least 3), so m = 6 (for the sixth order equation
which has the characteristic equation ((r − 5 − 2i)(r − 5 + 2i))3 = (r2 − 10r + 29)3 = 0),
the correct answer is D).
17. According to the method of undetermined coefficients, the particular solution of

the equation y 00 + 9y = 4 cos(3x) + e3x has the form:
A) C1 xe3x + C2 cos(3x) B) C1 xe3x + C2 cos(3x) + C3 sin(3x)
C) C1 e3x + C2 sin(3x) D) C1 xe3x + C2 x cos(3x) + C3 x sin(3x)
E) C1 e3x + C2 x cos(3x) + C3 x sin(3x)
Solution. The solutions of the homogeneous equation are cos(3x), sin(3x), the correct
answer is E).
18. If y1 and y2 are solutions of the second order linear equation y 00 +p(t)y 0 +q(t)y = t ln(t),
t > 0 then the function y(t) = ay1 (t) + by2 (t) also satisfies this equation
A) for any a, b ∈ R
B) for a, b ∈ R satisfying a + b = 1 only
C) for a, b ∈ R satisfying a − b = 1 only
D) for any a = b ∈ R only
E) never
Solution. Since y 00 + p(t)y 0 + q(t)y = a(y100 + p(t)y10 + q(t)y1 ) + b(y200 + p(t)y20 + q(t)y2 )
= at ln(t) + bt ln(t) = (a + b)l ln(t) = t ln(t) for any t if and only if a + b = 1, the correct
answer is B).
19. If xe2x + 3 cos(x) is a solution of the fourth-order differential equation y (4) + ay 000 +
by 00 + cy 0 + dy = 0 then the equation is
A) y (4) − 4y 000 + 5y 00 − 4y 0 + 4y = 0
B) y (4) − 2y 000 + y 00 − 2y 0 = 0
C) y (4) + 5y 00 + 4y = 0
D) y (4) − 5y 000 + 7y 00 − 5y 0 + 6y = 0
E) cannot be found: not enough data
Solution. The characteristic equation has roots r1,2 = 2, r3,4 = ±i, so it has the form
(please note that the coefficient of the highest degree is one)
g(r) = (r − 2)2 (r − i)(r + i) = (r2 − 4r + 4)(r2 + 1) = r4 − 4r3 + 5r2 − 4r + 4,
so the equation is y (4) − 4y 000 + 5y 00 − 4y 0 + 4y = 0, the correct answer is A).

1 1
20. The linear equation y 00 + p(t)y 0 + q(t)y = 0, t > 0 has solutions y1 (t) =
and y2 = 2 .
t t
00 0 1
Then a particular solution of the non-homogeneous equation y + p(t)y + q(t)y = is
t

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1 t2 t3 1 t
A) B) − C) D)
4t3 2 3 6t2 6
E) unknown without knowing p(t) and q(t)
Solution. According to the method of variation of parameters, we are looking for
solutions in the form y = C1 (t)y1 + C2 (t)y2 , where
1 0 1 1 0 2 0 1
C1 + 2 C20 = 0, − C 1 − C 2 = .
t t t2 t3 t
Dividing the first equation by t and adding the two equations, we obtain
1 1 t3
− 3 C20 = ⇒ C20 (t) = −t2 ⇒ C2 (t) = C2 − ,
t t 3
1 t2
C10 = − C20 = t ⇒ C1 (t) = C1 + .
t 2
Thus the general solution is
t2 1 t3 1

y = C1 (t)y1 + C2 (t)y2 = C1 + + C2 −
2 t 3 t2
1 1 t t C1 C2 t
= C1 + C2 2 + − = + 2 + ,
t t 2 3 t t 6
t
a particular solution is , the correct answer is D).
6

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Exams 2010, 2013-2015, questions and answers

Differential Equations for Engineers and Scientists (University Of Calgary)

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2. (16%) Find the general solution of the equation

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2. For which α and β will the equation

3. For α and β such that the equation

is exact the general solution is

4. Functions y1 = x2 and y2 = x3 are solutions of the linear equation

a(x)y 00 (x) + b(x)y 0 + c(x) = 0.

Then the Wronskian of this equation is

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5. The general solution of the equation

6. A particular solution of the equation

by the method of undetermined coefficients should be sought in the form

7. The function y = xe−2x is a solution of the equation

8. The solution of the initial value problem

y 0 = (x2 + 5x + 7)(y − 2)(y − 5), y(0) = 3

END OF THE MIDTERM TEST

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Department of Mathematics & Statistics

2. (16%) Find the general solution of the equation y 0 − 3y = y 2 .

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Differentiation in y and the comparison gives

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6. A particular solution of the equation

by the method of undetermined coefficients should be sought in the form

7. The function y = xe−2x is a solution of the equation

a) for b = c = 2 only; b) for any c = 4 − 2b;

8. The solution of the initial value problem

y 0 = (x2 + 5x + 7)(y − 2)(y − 5), y(0) = 3

a) is unbounded; b) becomes negative for x large enough;

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THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY

3. All enquiries and requests must be addressed to supervisors only.

4. Candidates are strictly cautioned against:

9. A candidate must report to a supervisor before leaving the examination room.

12. SMOKING DURING EXAMINATIONS IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED.

No calculators, books or additional formula sheets are allowed on the exam

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PART A: Show your work.

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2. (12%) Find the solution of the system of linear differential equations

x01 (t) = 2x1 + x2

satisfying the initial conditions x1 (0) = 3, x2 (0) = 1.

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3. (14%) a) Find the Laplace Transform of the function

b) Solve the differential equation for t ≥ 0

where the function f (t) is defined in a).

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4. (11%) Find the solution of the equation xy 0 + y = x3 y 2 satisfying y(1) = 2.

1. The general solution of the equation y 0 sin x − y cos x = 1 is

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4. According to the method of undetermined coefficients, a particular solution of the

5. According to the method of undetermined coefficients, a particular solution of the

a) for any a and b;

b) converges for x ∈ (−4, 4) and diverges if x < −4 or x > 4

c) converges for x ∈ (1, 5) and diverges if x < 1 or x > 5

d) converges for x ∈ (−2, 2) and diverges if x < −2 or x > 2

e) converges for x ∈ (2, 4) and diverges if x < 2 or x > 4

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11. The general solution of the equation x2 y 00 + 5xy 0 + 4y = 0 for x > 0 is

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satisfying the initial conditions x1(0) = 3, x2 (0) = 1.

02. If y = y(t) is the solution