Beruflich Dokumente
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33
Solved Examples
JEE Main/Boards 2− 5
=
Example 1: For what values of ‘m’ does the quadratic (2 + 5 )(2 − 5 )
equation (1 + m) x2 – 2(1 + 3m)x + (1 + 8m) = 0 have
equal roots? = 5 −2
Then the other root, x2 + px + q = x will be −2 − 5 ,
Sol: The roots are equal if discriminant (D)= 0.
α + β = ‒4 and αβ = ‒1
(
4(1 + 3m)2 – 4(1 + m)(1 + 8m) = 0 ⇒ 4 m2 − 3m =
0 )
Thus, the required quadratic equation is :
⇒ m = 0, 3
x2 − ( α + β ) x + αβ = 0 Or , x2 + 4x − 1 =0
Example 2: When pr = 2(q + s), where p, q, r, s are real
numbers, show that at least one of the equations x2 + Example 4: The quadratic equations x2 ‒ ax + b = 0 and
px + q and x2 + rx +s = 0 has real roots.
x2 ‒ px + q = 0 have a common root and the second
ap
Sol: For at least one of the given equation has equal roots, show that b + q = .
2
equations to have real roots means one of
Sol: By considering α and β to be the roots of eq. (i) and
their discriminant must be non negative. α to be the common root, we can solve the problem by
using the sum and product of roots formulae.
The given equations are
The given quadratic equations are
f(α ) =0 + px + q = 0 … (i)
x2 − ax + b =0 ... (i)
f(α ) =0 + rx + s = 0 … (ii)
x2 − px + q =0 ... (ii)
consider D1 and D2 be the discriminants of equations (i)
and (ii) respectively, Consider α and β to be the roots of eq. (i) and α to be
the common root.
D1 + D2 = p2 ‒ 4q + r2 ‒4s
From (i) α + β = a, α = b
= p2 + r2 ‒ 4(q + s)
From (ii) 2α = p, α2 = q
= p + r ‒ 2pr
2 2
ap
∴ b + q = αβ + α2 = α ( α + β ) =
= (p ‒ r) ≥ 0 [ p and r are real]
2
2
At least one of D1 and D2 must be non negative.
Example 5: If α and αn are the roots of the
Hence, at least one of the given equation has real roots. quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, then show that
1 1
1
c n+1 c n+1 −b
⇒ + =
1
∴α +β =
−1
2
3 2
and 4α2 + 2α − 1 = 04α − 3α= 4α + 2α − 1 ( ) α − 12
a a a
1 1 ( 1
) 1
4α3 − 3α= 4α2 + 2α − 1 α − − α + = β
Or ( ) can n+1
( )
+ cna n+1 +b =0. 2 2
Hence 1 3
− α + 4α= β− 3α is the other root.
2 2
Example 6: x2 + ax + bc = 0 and x + bx + ca = 0 have
a non zero common root and a ≠ b, then show that the 1 1 1
Example 9: the roots of + = are equal in
other roots are roots of the equation, x2 + cx + ab = 0, x +p x +q r
c ≠ 0. magnitude, but opposite in sign, show that p+ q = 2r
p2 + q2
Sol: By considering α to be the common root of and the product of the roots = −
2
the equations and β , γ to be the other roots of the
equations respectively, and then by using the sum and Sol: By considering α and − α as the roots of the given
product of roots formulae we can prove this. equation and then by using the sum and product of
roots formulae we can solve it.
Further, α + β = −a and αβ = bc ;
1 1 1
+ = ….(i)
α + γ = −b , α. γ = ca x +p x +q r
2α + β + γ = − ( a + b ) and α2βγ = abc2 … (i) ⇒ (x + q + x +p)r = x2 + (p + q)x + pq
∴ β + γ = c − 2c = −c (ii) … (ii) ⇒ x2 + (p + q – 2r)x + pq – r(p + q) = 0
and c2βγ = c2ba Since, its roots are equal in magnitude but opposite in
sign
∴ βγ = ab … (iii)
consider roots are α , − α.
From equation (ii) and (iii),
∴ α − α= p + q − 2r
β and γ are the roots of the equation x2 + cx + ab =
0
⇒ p+q=2r
Product of roots = pq – r(p + q)
Example 7: Solve for x when
(p + q)
2
p2 + q2
log10= (
log10 x log ) 2
x
x: x >1 = pq –
2
= −
2
(
i.e., qα2 + 2q − p2 αβ + qβ2 = 0 ) Sol: Consider y ∈ R and also that given as x ∈ R. Hence,
ax2 + x − 2
(
i.e., q α2 + 2αβ + β2 − p2 αβ = 0 ) the discriminant of y =
than or equal to zero. a + x − 2x2
must be greater
i.e., q ( α + β ) − p αβ = 0
2 2
Let y ∈ R; then,
2 2
i.e., p q − p q =
0 which is obviously true. ax2 + x − 2
y= for some x ∈ R
a + x − 2x2
Example 11: Find the value of ‘a’ for which (a + 2y) x2 + (1 – y)x – 2 – ay = 0
(
3x2 + 2 a2 + 1 x + a2 − 3a + 2 = )
0 possesses roots with
∴ (1 – y)2 + 4(a +2y)(2 + ay) ≥ 0 ; ∀y ∈R
opposite signs.
a2 − 3a + 2 1
∴
3
<0 Or a > −
8
( )
and a2 − 4a + 3 ( a + 2 ) ≤ 0
= (a – 2) (a – 1) < 0 and a ∈ (1, 2) And D > 0 1
Or a > − and (a – 3)(a – 1) < 0
( 2
)
4 a + 1 − 4.3 a − 3a + 2 > 0 ( 3
) 8
i.e. a ∈ [1, 3]
This equation will always hold true for a ∈ (1, 2)
– 2y γ – 2y + 40 y3 0 −1 − 3
⇒x=
2
⇒ y 2 + y − 20 ≤ 0
⇒ ≤ ⇒ ≤ ≤ Example 3: Solve the equation 2|x +1| − 2x = 2x − 1 + 1
(y + 5)(y – 4) 0 –5 y 4
Sol: By taking the conditions as x ≥ 0 and x ≤ 0 we can
solve this problem.
JEE Advanced/Boards
2x − 1 if x ≥ 0
x
2 −1 =
Example 1: Prove that y =
2
ax + x − 2
2
x
− 2 − 1 ( ) if x < 0
a + x − 2x
Case-I x ≥ 0
takes all real values for x ∈ R only if a ∈ [1, 3]
2 . 3 6 | Quadratic Equations and Inequalities
2|x +1| − 2x = 2x − 1 + 1 3 3
Case II : Let < x < 1 ; 2x – < x2
8 4
This is true ∀ x ≥ 0
Or 4 x2 – 8x + 3 > 0
Case-II x < 0 ; 2|x +1| − 2x =1 − 2x + 1
3 1
(2x – 3)(2x – 1)> 0; ∴ x ∈ ,
2|x +1| = 2 ; |x + 1| = 1 ; x = –2
8 2
Example 4: For what values of a are the roots of the Example 6: Solve the equation
(
2
)
equation a + 1 x − 3ax + 4a (
= 0 a ≠ − 1 real and less ) (2x 2
− 3x + 1 ) (2x 2
)9x2
+ 5x + 1 =
than 1?
Sol: Here the roots of the given equation have to be Sol: This problem is solved by dividing both sides by x2
real and less than 1, therefore D ≥ 0 ; f(1).(a + 1) > 0 1
and taking y = 2x +
and the x-coordinate of the vertex < 1 . x
Let f(x) = (a + 1) x2 − 3ax + 4a ( )(
2x2 − 3x + 1 2x2 + 5x + 1 = 9x2 ) ... (i)
Clearly, x = 0 does not satisfy (i), Therefore, we can
D ≥ 0 ; f(1).(a + 1) > 0 and x-coordinate of vertex < 1
rewrite equation (i) as
16
D ≥ 0 ⇒− ≤ a ≤ 0 … (i) 1 1
9 ... (ii)
7 2x − 3 + 2x + 5 + =
x x
(a + 1)f(1) > 0 ⇒ (2a + 1) (a + 1) > 0 1
∴ (y – 3)(y + 5) = 9 where y = 2x +
1 x
⇒ a < –1 or a > − ... (ii)
2 Or y2 + 2y ‒ 24 = 0
16 −1 ⇒ (y + 6)(y – 4) = 0 ⇒ y = 4, –6
By (i) & (ii) a ∈ − , −1 ∪ ,0 … (iii)
7 2
1
Since x coordinate of vertex x < 1, we have When y = –6, 2x + = –6
x
−1 ⇒ 2 x2 + 6x + 1 = 0
Combined with (iii) we get: a ∈ ,0
2
−6 ± 36 − 8 −3 ± 7
⇒ x= =
Example 5: Find all the values of x satisfying the 4 2
3 1
inequality ⇒ 2x − > 2 .
When y = 4, 2x + =4
4 x
Sol: First, we can reduce the given inequality as ⇒ 2 x2 – 4x + 1 =
3
logx 2x − > logx x2 . Then, by applying each case of ⇒ x=
4 ± 16 − 8 −2 ± 7
=
4 4 2
3 −−33±± 77 −−22±± 22
x > 1 and < x < 1 we can solve this problem. Thus, the solutions are x = , .
8 22 22
3 3
logx 2x − > 2 (∴ x ≠ 1 and x > ) Example 7: If α and β are the roots of the equation a
4 8
x2 + bx + c = 0, then find the equation whose roots are,
⇒ logx 2x − 3 > logx x2 … (i) α2 +
α
2
+ββ2,
2 1
+
1
?
4 α2 β2
3
Case I : Let x > 1 ; 2x − > x2
4 Sol: Using the sum and product of roots formulae, we
can get the value of α and β and then by using
Or 4 ⇒ – 8x + 3 < 0
x2 − ( sum of roots ) x + (product of roots ) =
0
1 3 3
Or 4 x − x − < 0 ∴ x ∈ 1,
2 2 2 we can arrive at the required equation.
α2 + β2 ,
1
+
1 a2 a
2 2 Hence – 11 + a = 0, a = 0 or a = 24
α β 9 3
Since a ≠ 0, a = 24
α2 + β2 b2 − 2ac b2 − 2ac
2 2
As S = α + β += (
a2
+
c2
) x2 − 11x + 24 =
∴ the common factor of
0
( αβ )
2
2
x − 14x + 48 =0
a2 + c2
2
(
= b − 2ac 2 2
ac
) is clearly x – 8 or the common root is x = 8.
Note: A shorter method is in eliminating a from both
Now the product of the roots will be expressions
( )( ) ( )
2
( acx )
2
− b2 − 2ac a2 + c2 x + b2 − 2ac 0
= Example 10: α and β are the roots of
a x2 + bx+ c= 0 and γ , δ be the roots of
Example 8: If an are the roots of a x2 + bx + c = 0 p x2 +qx + r = 0; . If α , β, γ , δ are
2
and γ , δ the roots of x + mx + n = 0 , then find the
equation whose roots are α γ + β δ and α δ + β γ ? in A.P., then find the ratio of their Discriminants.
= (α 2
)
+ β2 γδ + αβ γ 2 + δ2 ( ) … (ii) ⇒β − α = δ − γ ; ( β − α ) = ( δ − γ )
2 2
(β + α ) ( γ + δ)
2 2
= b2 n + m2ac − 4 acn / a2 2 − 4αβ = − 4 γδ
b2 4c q2 4r
Hence, from x2 – Sx + P = 0 ⇒ − = −
a2 a p2 p
bm
2 b2n + m2ac − 4acn
x − x+ 0
=
a a2 2 b2 − 4ac q2 − 4qr
⇒ =
a2 p2
Example 9: The expression x2 ‒ 11x + a = 0 and
D1 D2 D1 a2
x2 ‒ 14x + 2a = 0 must have a common factor and a ≠ = ⇒ =
0, Find the common factor and then the common root. a2 p2 D2 p2
p (a+ b) x + c(b− a) −b ± D
⇒ = Therefore by putting x2 + 2x = y and using x =
2x x 2 − c2 2a
we can solve this.
⇒ p(x2‒ c2) = 2(a + b)x2 ‒ 2c(a ‒ b)x
Put x2 + 2x = y … (i)
⇒ (2a + 2b – p) x2 – 2c(a – b)x + p c2 = 0
(y – 80)(y – 24) = 660
For this equation to have equal roots
4c2 ( a − b ) − 4pc2 ( 2a + 2b − p ) =
2
0 ⇒ y2 ‒ 104y + 1920 ‒ 660 = 0
⇒ y2 ‒ 104y + 1920 = 0
⇒ ( a − b ) − 2p ( a + b ) + p2 =
2
0
⇒ (y – 90)(y – 14) = 0 ⇒ y = 90 or 14
⇒ p22 − 2p ( a + b ) =− (a − b)
2 2
− 2 ± 42 − 4 × ( − 90 )
[p ‒ (a + b)] = 4ab 2
x= =−1 ± 94
2
⇒ p – (a + b) = ± 2 ab
When y = 14, (i) gives x2 + 2x – 14 = 0
( )
2
⇒ p=a+b±2 ab = a± b
− 2 ± 42 − 4 × ( − 14 )
x= =−1 ± 3 2
2
Example 12: Solve (x + 10)(x – 4)(x – 8)(x + 6)= 660
x
The solutions are: −1 ± 3 2 & −1 ± 94
2
Sol: By multiplying (x + 10)(x – 8)(x – 4)(x + 6) we get x − 5x + 9
( x2 + 2x – 80)( x2 + 2x – 24) = 660.
JEE Main/Boards
Q.12 If a and b are integers and the roots of equation Q.24 Let α be a root of the equation a x2 + bx + c = 0
x2 + ax + b =0 are rational, show that they will be and β be a root of the equation – ax2 + bx + c = 0. Show
integers. a
that there exists a root of the equation x2 + bx + c = 0
2
Q.13 For what values of m, can the following expression
be split as product of two linear factors?
(
that lies between α and β α , β ≠ 0 . )
(i) 3x2 − xy − 2y 2 + mx + y + 1 Q.25 Let a, b and c be integers with a > 1, and let p be a
prime number. Show that if ax2 + bx + c is equal to p for
(ii) 6 x2 − 7xy − 3y 2 + mx + 17y − 20 two distinct integral values of x, then it cannot be equal
to “2p” for any integral value of x. (a ≠ p).
x2 − 2x + 4
Q.14 Prove that the expression lies between Q.26 For a ≤ 0, determine all real roots of the equation:
x2 + 2x + 4
1
and 3 for all real values of x. x2 − 2a x − a − 3a2 =0.
3
Q.15 Find all the values of a for which the roots of the Q.27 Find the values of a for which the inequality
equation (1 + a) x+ ‒ 3ax + 4a = 0 exceed unity. x2 + ax + a2 + 6a < 0 is satisfied for all x ∈ (1, 2).
Q.16 If P(x) = a x2 + bx + c and Q(x) = ‒ax2 + bx + c Q.28 If the roots of 2x3 + x2 − 7 = 0 are α , β and
where ac ≠ 0, show that the equation P(x). Q(x) = 0 has f(x) = x + x(4 − 2k) + k − 3k − 1 = 0 ,
2 2
Q.4 Let a > 0, b > 0 & c > 0. Then both the roots of the
equation a x2 + bx + c = 0
( ) ( ) (
(A) − ∞ , 0 ∪ 6, ∞ (B) − ∞ , 0 ∪ 6, ∞ ( )
(A) Are real & negative (C) ( − ∞ , 0 ∪ 6, ∞ ) (D) (0, 6)
(B) Have negative real parts
Q.12 If α , β are roots of the equation
(C) Are rational numbers
x2 − 2mx + m2 − 1 =0 then the number of integral
(D) None values of m for which α , β ∈ (–2, 4) is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) All of these
Q.5 The equation x2 + bx + c = 0 has distinct roots. If 2
is subtracted from each root, the results are reciprocals
(
of the original roots. The value of b2 + c2 + bc equals ) Q.13 If x be the real number such that x3 + 4x =
the value of the expression x7 + 64x2 is
8 then
(A) x ≤ –2 or x ≥ 3 (B) x ≤ 2 or x ≥ 3
Q.3 Let a, b, c be real numbers with a ≠ 0 and let α , β be
(C) x ≤ –3 or x ≥ 2 (D) –3 ≤x≤ 2 the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 . Express the
roots of a3 x2 + abcx + c3 =0 in terms of α , β . (2001)
Q.11 If exactly one root of the quadratic equation
()
f x = 0 – (a + 1)x + 2a = 0 lies in the interval (0, 3) Q.4 If α , β are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 , (a ≠ 0)
then the set of values ‘a’ is given by and α + δ, β + δ are the roots of Ax + Bx + C =
2
0 , (A ≠
0) for some constant δ , then
M a them a ti cs | 2.41
a>0
3
( ) 2
(A) p − 3 3p − 1 q + q =0
(B) p − q ( 3p + 1 ) + q =
3 2
2
y=ax +bx+c 0
x
(C) p + q ( 3p − 1 ) + q =
3 2
-1 0 1 0
(D) p + q ( 3p + 1 ) + q =
3 2
0
Q.6 Let a, b, c, p, q be the real numbers. Suppose f k 2 ( ) Q.13 The number of solutions of log4 x −= (
1 log2 x − 3 ) ( )
are the roots of the equation is (2001)
Q.16 The quadratic equations x2 – 6x + a = 0 and x2 – cx Q.19 Let α and β be the roots of equation px2 + qx + r = 0,
+ 6 = 0 have one root in common. The other roots of 1 1
the first and second equations are integers in the ratio p ≠ 0. If p, q, r are in A.P. and + =4 , then the value
α β
4 : 3. Then the common root is (2008) of |α – β| is (2014)
JEE Advanced/Boards
Exercise 1 2
Q.4 When y + my + 2 is divided by (y – 1) then
the quotient is f(y) and the remainder is R1. When
Q.1 A quadratic polynomial y 2 + my + 2 is divided by (y + 1) then quotient is
g(y) and the remainder is R2. If R1 = R2, find the value
f ( x ) = x2 + ax + b is formed with one of its zeros of m.
4+3 3
being where a and b are integers Also, Q.5 Find the value of m for which the quadratic
2+ 3
0 and x2 − 14x + 2m =
equations x2 − 11x + m = 0 may
g ( x ) = x 4 + 2x3 − 10 x2 + 4x − 10 is a biquadrate have common root.
4+3 3
polynomial such that g = c 3 + d where c Q.6 The quadratic polynomial P(x) = ax2 + bx + C
2+ 3
has two different zeroes including –2. The quadratic
polynomial Q ( x ) = ax2 + cx + b has two different
and d are also integers. Find the values of a, b, c and d.
zeroes including 3. If α and β be the other zeroes of P(x)
α
and Q(x) respectively then find the value of .
Q.2 Find the range of values of a, such β
Instructions for Q.7 and Q.8
ax2 + 2 ( a + 1 ) x + 9a + 4
that f(x) = is always negative. Let α , β , γ be distinct real numbers such
x2 − 8x + 32
2
that a α + b α + c= ( sin θ) α2 + ( cos θ) α
Q.3 Let a, b, be arbitrary real numbers. Find the smallest
natural number ‘b’ for which the equation
a β2 + b β + c= ( sin θ) β2 + ( cos θ) β
x2 + 2 ( a + b ) x + ( a − b + 8 ) =0 has unequal real roots
a γ 2 + b γ + c= ( sin θ) γ2 + ( cos θ) γ
for all a ∈ R. (where a, b, c, ∈ R.)
M a them a ti cs | 2.43
( )
Q.7 log|x + 6| 2 .log2 x2 − x − 2 ≥ 1 ( ) Q.14 If the range of m, so that the equations
( x + 2mx + 7m − 12) = 0
2
Q.8 If
V1= sin θ ˆi + cos θ ˆj makes an angle π /3 with ( 4x − 4mx + 5m − 6 ) =
2
0
V2 = ˆi + ˆj + 2 kˆ then find the number of values of have two distinct real roots, is (a, b) then find (a + b).
θ ∈ 0, 2 π .
Q.15 Match the column
(α )( α )&α
3 2
2
− β2 3
− β3 β − α2 β3 . (C) Positive integral values of x (r) 2
satisfying
x +1 x +5
Q.10 Find the product of the real roots of the ≥ , is (are)
x −1 x +1
equation x2 + 18x + 30= 2 x2 + 18 x + 45
(D) The value of expression (s) 3
x2 + ax + 4 2π 4π 4π 4
Q.11 Let f(x) = is defined for all real, then sin sin + sin
x2 + bx + 4
7 7 7
, is
find the number of possible ordered pairs
8π 8 π 2π
sin + sin sin
7 7 7
(a – b) (where a, b, ∈ I).
Q.12 If the equation 9x2 − 12ax + 4 − a2 =0 has a unique Q.16 Find the product of uncommon real roots of the
root in (0, 1) then find the number of integers in the two polynomials
range of a.
P ( x ) = x 4 + 2x3 − 8x2 − 6x + 15 and
(d) 2( x + 2) − 2x +1 − 1= 2x +1 + 1
2 . 4 4 | Quadratic Equations and Inequalities
(e) For a ≤ 0, determine all real roots of the equation Q.25 Find the complete set of real values of ‘a’
2
x − 2a x − a − 3a =
0. 2 for which both roots of the quadratic equation
(a2
) (
0 lie on
− 6a + 5 x2 − a2 + 2a x + 6a − a2 − 8 = )
Q.18 (a) Let α , β and γ are the roots of the cubic either side of the origin.
x3 − 3x2 + 1 =0 . Find a cubic whose
Solve the inequality.
α β γ
roots are , and . 2
α−2 β−2 γ −2 x5
( )
4
Q.26 log2 x log1 − 20 log2 x + 148 < 0
Hence or otherwise find the value of ( α − 2 ) ( β − 2 ) ( γ − 2 ) . 4
2
(b) If α , β , γ are roots of the cubic 2011
Q.27 (log 100 x ) + (log 10 x ) + log x ≤ 14
2 2
x3 + 2x2 + 1 =0 , then find
(i) ( α β )
−1
+ (β γ )
−1
+ (γ α)
−1
(ii) α −2 + β−2 + γ −1
( )
Q.28 log1/2 x + 1 > log2 2 − x ( )
Q.19 If the range of parameter t in the interval (0, 2π),
satisfying (
Q.29 log1/5 2x2 + 5x + 1 < 0 )
( −2x 2
+ 5x − 10 )
( sin t ) x2 + 2 (1 + sint ) x + 9 sin t + 4
Exercise 2
for all real value of x is (a, b), then a + b =
kπ . ( )
Find the value of k. Single Correct Choice Type
() 2
Q.21 Let P x = x + bx + c where b and c are
integers. If P(x) is a factor of both x 4 + 6x2 + 25 and Q.2 For every x ∈ R , the polynomial x8 − x5 + x2 − x + 1 is
3x 4 + 4x2 + 28x + 5 . Find the value of P(1). (A) Positive
(B) Never positive
Q.22 If α , β are the roots of the equation,
(C) Positive as well as negative
x2 − 2x − a2 + 1 =0 and γ , δ are the roots of the
(D) Negative
2
(
equation, x − 2 a + 1 x + a a − 1 = )
0 such that ( )
α , β ∈( γ , δ ) then find the value of ‘a’.
Q.3 If the equation a(x ‒ 1)2 + b(x2 ‒3x + 2) + x ‒ a2 = 0 is
satisfied for all x ∈ R then the number of ordered pairs
Q.23 Let A denotes the set of values of x for which
of (a, b) can be
x+2
≤ 0 and B denotes the set of values of x for (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) Infinite
x−4
2
which x − ax − 4 ≤ 0 . If B is the subset of A, then find
the number of possible integral values of a. Q.4 The inequality The inequality y(‒1)≥ ‒4, y(1) ≤ 0 and
y(3)≥5 are known to hold for y = ax2+ bx+ c then the
least value of ‘a’ is :
Q.24 The quadratic ax2 + bx − c = 0 has two
different roots including the root ‒2. The equation (A) – 1/4 (B) –1/3 (C) 1/4 (D) 1/8
ax2 + cx + b =0 has two different roots including the
root 3. The absolute value of the product of the four
roots of the equation expressed in lowest rational is
p
. Find (p+ q).
q
M a them a ti cs | 2.45
(A) 125/64 (B) –27/8 (C) –125/8 (D) 27/8 f ( x ) = ax2 + ax + ( a + b ) and g(x) = ax2 + 3ax + 3a + b,
where a and b non-zero real numbers having same sign.
Q.8 For the quadratic polynomial f(x) = 4x ‒ 8kx + k, 2
Statement-I: Graphs of the both y = f(x) and y = g(x)
the statements which hold good are either completely lie above x-axis or lie completely
(A) There is only one integral k for which f(x) is non below x-axis ∀ x ∈R .because
negative ∀ x ∈ R Statement-II: If discriminant of f(x), D < 0, then y = f(x)
(B) for k < 0 the number zero lies between the zeros of ∀x ∈ R is of same sign and f(x+1) will also be of same
the polynomial. sign as that of f(x) . ∀x ∈ R
(C) f(x) = 0 has two distinct solution in (0, 1) for k ∈
(1/4, 4/7) Match the Columns
(D) Minimum value of y ∀ k ∈R is k (1+ 12k) ( )
Q.14 It is given that α , β β ≥ α are the roots of the
() 2
equation if f x = ax + bx + c . Also a f(t) > 0.
Q.9 The roots of the quadratic equation x2 ‒ 30x + b = 0
are positive and one of them is the square of the other. Match the condition given in column I with their
If the roots are r and s with r > s then corresponding conclusions given in column II.
Consider the polynomia (C) a < 0 and b² > 4ac (r) α<t<β
(D) a < 0 and b² = 4ac (s) t < α or r > β
P ( x ) = ( x − cos 36° )( x − cos 84° )( x − cos156° )
Q.15 Match the conditions on column I with the (C) Suppose a cubic polynomial f(x) = (r) 277
intervals in column II. x3+px2+qx+72 is divisible by both
() 2 2
Let f x = x − 2px + p − 1 , then x2+ax+b and x2+bx+a (where a, b, p,
q are cubic polynomial and a ≠ b).
The sum of the squares of the roots
Column I Column II
of the cubic polynomial, is
(A) Both the roots of f(x) = 0 are (p) (–1, ∞)
(s) 298
less than 4, if p ∈ R
(B) Both the roots of f(x) = 0 are (q) (–∞, 3)
greater than –2 if p ∈ R
Previous Years’ Questions
(C) exactly one root of f(x) = 0 (r) (0, 2)
lie in (–2, 4), if p ∈ R Q.1 Let (x, y, z) be points with integer coordinates
(D) 1 lies between the roots of (s) (–3, –1) U (3,5) satisfying the system of homogeneous equations
f(x) = 0, if p ∈ R 3x − y − z = 0, − 3x + z = 0, − 3x + 2y + z = 0 . Then the
number of such points for which x2 + y2 + z2 ≤ 100 is
Q.16 ……… (2009)
(B) The integral values of the parameters c (q) 4 Q.4 Let -1 ≤ p < 1. Show that the equation
for which the inequality 4x3 ‒ 3x ‒ p=0 has a unique root in the interval [1/2, 1]
and identify it, (2001)
7
1 + log2 2x2 + 2x + ≥ log2 (cx2 + c)
2
has at least one solution is
2
()
Q.5 Let f x = Ax + Bx + C where, A, B, C, are real
numbers. Prove that if f(x) is an integer whenever x is an
(C) Let P(x) = x2+bx+c, where b and c (r) 6 integer, then the numbers 2A, A + B and C are all integers.
are integers. If P(x) is a factor of both Conversely prove that if the numbers 2A, A + B and C are
x4+6x2+25 and 3x4+4x2+28x5, then the all integers, then f(x) is an integer whenever x is an integer.
value of P(1) equals (1998)
(s) 8
Q.6 Find the set of all solution of the equation
y
2 − 2y −1 − 1= 2y −1 + 1 (1997)
Q.17
Column I Column II
logequation
Q.7 Solve x in the following
2
(
( 2x +3) 6x + 23x + 21 )
(A) α, β are the roots of the equation K (p) 146 (
log( 2x +3) 6x2 + 23x + 21 = ) (
4 − log(3x + 7 ) 4x2 + 12x + 9 )
(x2-x) + x + 5 = 0. If K1 & K2 are the
two values of K for which the roots
=
(
4 − log(3x + 7 ) 4x2 + 12x + 9 ) (1987)
Then the equation f(x) = 0 has a root in R. Consider Q.15 Let p and q be real numbers such that p ≠ 0, p³ ≠
()
f=x kex − x for all real x where k is real constant. (2007) q and p³ ≠ –q. If α and β are non-zero complex numbers
3 3
satisfying α +β = –p and α + β = q , then a quadratic
x
Q.8 The line y = x meets y = ke for k ≤ 0 at α β
equation having and as its roots is (2010)
(A) No point (B) One point β α
(A)
1
(B) 1 (C) e (D) loge 2 ( ) ( ) (
(C) p3 − q x2 − 5p3 − 2q x + p3 − q =
0 )
e
Q.21 Let a, b, c, p, q be real numbers. Suppose α, β are Q.22 Let b = 6, with a and c satisfying (E). If α and β are
1 the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0,
the roots of the equation x2 + 2px + q = 0 and α, are ∞ n
β 1 1
the roots of the equation ax2 + 2bx + c = 0, where β2 ∉
then ∑ α + β is (2011)
n= 0
{−1, 0, 1}.
6
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) (D) ∞
Statement-I: (p2 − q) (b2 − ac) ≥ 0 and 7
Statement-II: b ≠ pa or c ≠ qa (2008)
Q.23 A value of b for which the equations
(A) Statement-I is True, statement-II is True; statement-II x2 + bx - 1 = 0
is a correct explanation for statement-I
x2 + x + b = 0,
(B) Statement-I is True, statement-II is True; statement-II
is NOT a correct explanation for statement-I. have one root in common is (2011)
Exercise 1 Exercise 1
Q. 12 Q. 15 Q. 18 Q. 7 Q. 10 Q. 13
Q. 20 Q. 22 Q. 24 Q. 17 Q. 19 Q. 22
Q. 25 Q. 30
Exercise 2
Exercise 2
Q. 3 Q. 8 Q. 9
Q. 5 Q. 9 Q. 12
Q. 11 Q. 14 Q. 17
Q. 16
Previous Years’ Questions
Previous Years’ Questions
Q. 2 Q. 5 Q. 6
Q. 5 Q. 6 Q. 8
Q. 15
Q. 13
M a them a ti cs | 2.49
Answer Key
JEE Main/Boards
Exercise 1
−16
−6 −8 −13 Q.15 a ∈ , − 1
Q.3 (i)m = , 1 (ii) m = (iii) m = 7
5 9 11
Q.4 K = 5 Q.18 x =± 1, ± 1 + 2 ( )
−11 7
Q.6 m = , Q.20 0
8 4
Q.7 qx2 − p ( q + 1 ) x + ( q + 1 ) =
2
0 (
Q.26 −a 1 + 6 ,a 1 + 2) ( )
Q.8 1 ≤ x ≤ 3
Q.27 −7 − 3 5 ≤ a ≤ − 4 + 2 3
Q.10 −1 ≤ x < 1 or 2 < x ≤ 4 2
Q.28 –3
Q.11 α2 β, α β2
1
−7 98 Q.29 k ∈ 0,
Q.13 (i) 4, (ii) 7, 3
2 3
Exercise 2
Q.20 A
JEE Advanced/Boards
Exercise 1
Q.2 a∈ − ∞ , − 1 ;
Q.1 a = 2, b = –11, c = 4, d = –1 Q.3 5
2
Q.4 0 Q.5 0 or 24 Q.6 11
Q.9 (a) (ii) and (iv); (b) x2 − p(p 4 − 5p2q+ 5q2 )x + p2 q2 (p2 − 4q)(p2 − q) =
0 Q.10 20
5 +1
Q.11 135 Q.12 10 Q.13 (a) x = ; (b) (a) ymin = 6
2
Q.14 6 Q.15 (A) S; (B) Q,R,S,T (C) R, S ; (D) P Q.16 6
Q.18 (a) 3y
3
− 9y 2 − 3y + 1 =0 ; ( α − 2 )( α − 2 )( γ − 2 ) =3 ; (b) (i) 2 ; (ii) – 4 Q.19 3
Q.22 a∈ − 1 , 1
a= 1 − 2 or 5 + 10
Q.20 Q.21 P(1) = 4
4
( ) (
Q.29 − ∞ , − 2.5 ∪ 0 , ∞ )
Exercise 2
Single Correct Choice Type
Comprehenstion Type
Q.10 A Q.11 B
Q.12 D Q.13 A
Q.16 A → r; B → p, q, r, s; C → q Q.17 A → q; B → r; C → p
Solutions
Exercise 1 −8
⇒m=
9
Sol 1: Equation px2 + qx + r =0.
−q (iii) Sum of roots is 6
The sum of roots of a quadratic equation is: .
p −b (4 + 2m)
c −q ⇒ =6⇒ =6 ⇒ 22m =−26
Let roots be = 1 ⇒ r1 + r2 = a 5 + 4m
a p
−13
⇒m=
Given that:- r12 + r22 = r1 + r2 ⇒ (r1 + r2 )2 − 2r1r2 = r1 + r2 11
⇒ (5 + 4m)x2 − (4 + 2m)x + (2 − m) =
0 ⇒ 3α2 + 4mα + 2 = 0 … (i)
and 2α2 + 3α − 2 = 0 … (ii)
(i) If the eq. has equal roots then b2 − 4ac =
0
Solving equation (ii) we get
⇒ [ −(4 + 2m)]2 − 4(5 + 4m)(2 − m) =0
2α2 + 4α − α − 2= 0 ⇒ (2α − 1)(α + 2)= 0
2
⇒ 4m + 16m + 16 − 4( −4m + 3m + 10) =
0 2 1
∴α = or α = − 2
2
20m2 + 4m − 24 =
0
3 1
5m2 + m − 6 =0 + 2m + 2 =0 (Putting α = )
4 2
11
0 ⇒ m = 1 or m = −6 / 5 .
⇒ (m − 1)(5m + 6) = m= −
8
(ii) Product of roots is 2 and 3 × 4 − 8m + 2 =0 (Putting α = −2 )
c (2 − m) 14 7
⇒ 2
=⇒ =2 ⇒ 9m =−8 ⇒m= =
a 5 + 4m 8 4
2 . 5 2 | Quadratic Equations and Inequalities
From the first equation, we can write (x − 1)(x − 2) > 0 (i) The expression is 3x2 − xy − 2y 2 + mx + y + 1
+ – + −1 m 1
h= , a = 3, b = –2, g = , f = and c = 1
1 2 2 2 2
M a them a ti cs | 2.53
−7
⇒ ( 2m + 7 )(m − 4 ) =
0, ⇒ m = ,4 The conditions are
2
(ii) 6x2 − 7xy − 3y 2 + mx + 17y − 20 (i) D ≥ 0
P(x).Q(x) = 0 x2 − 2 x =x2 − 2x
Clearly both cannot be less than zero at the same time. When x < 0
−2b c −2 − 2 2
⇒ α=
+β ,=
αβ ⇒x= or x = −1
a a 2
2
For equation Ax + 2Bx + c =0 ( ) (
The values of x are −1, −1 − 2 ,1, 1 + 2 )
−2B b B Sol 19:
⇒ (α + β) + 2k = , ⇒k = −
A a A LHS = (x − 2)(x − 3) − 8(x − 1)(x − 3) + 9(x − 1)(x − 2)
C C
Also, ( α + k )( β + k ) = , ⇒ k 2 + (α + β)k + αβ = = x2 − 5x + 6 − 8x2 + 32x − 24 + 9x2 − 27x + 18 = 2x2
A A
2
b B −2b b B c C Which is always equal to RHS no matter what the value
⇒ − + − + =
a A a a A a A of x
∴ y ∈ [0, 1]
( ) ( )
t t
Sol 18: We have 15 + 4 14 + 15 − 4 14 30
=
∴ The given equation becomes (1 + a)y 2 − 3a(y) + 4a =
0
t x2 − 2 x
and =
where the roots of equation should be between (0 & 1)
( )
t
Let 15 + 4 14 y
=
0 1
1 or
⇒y+ =30 0 1
y
30 ± 896
⇒ y 2 − 30y + 1 =0 ⇒y= These conditions should be satisfied
2
2 (i) D≥0
y 15 ±
⇒= 224 ⇒ =
y 15 ± 4 14
2 ∴ 9a2 − 16a(a + 1) ≥ 0 ⇒ 7a2 + 16a ≤ 0
(15 + 4 14 )
t
15 ± 4 14
= −16
∴a∈ ,0
∴ t =1 or t =−1 7
M a them a ti cs | 2.55
af(d) > 0 & af(e) > 0 Sol 22: From condition of common root
( −b / a) ( −b1 / a1 )
2 2
2
Sol 21: (l − m)x + lx + 1 =0 ⇒ =
c/a c1 / a1
Let one root be α: other root = 2α
2
l l b2 b12 b ca
2α
⇒ α += ⇒=
α ⇒ = ⇒ =
m−l 3(m − l) ac a1c1 b1 c1a1
l
2α2 = (Product of roots) Sol 24: α is root of equation ax2 + bc + c =0
l−m
2
⇒ aα 2 + bα + c = 0
2l 1
⇒ =
9(m − l) 2 (l − m) Similarly −aβ2 + bβ + c = 0
2 ax2
⇒ 2l= 9(l − m) Let f(x) = + bx + c
2
2
⇒ 2l − (9)l + 9m =
0
aα 2 −aα2
f(=
α) + bα =
+c
2 2
The roots are real ⇒ b2 − 4ac ≥ 0
aβ2 3aβ2
9 f(=
β) + bβ +=
c
81 − 8 × 9m ≥ 0 ⇒ m ≤ 2 2
8
−3a2 2 2
∴ f(α ). f(
= β) α β <0
4
2 . 5 6 | Quadratic Equations and Inequalities
∴ By mean value theorem, there exists a root of f(x) Sol 27: x2 + ax + a2 + 6a < 0 is satisfied for all x ∈ (1, 2)
between α and β
∴ (1 and 2 exists between the roots)
2
Sol 25: Given, ax + bx + c − p =0 for two distinct α & β ∴ Bring condition for the given case.
−b c −p −7 − 3 5
∴α + β = & αβ = Solving we get ≤ a ≤ −4 + 2 3
a a 2
To prove ax2 + bx + c − 2p ≠ 0 for any integral value of x,
let us assume these exist integer R satisfying Sol 28: Given that, 2x3 + x2 − 7 =0
−1 −7
ax2 + bx + c − 2p =0 For roots, α + β=
+γ γα 0 & αβγ =
αβ + βα +=
2 2
⇒ ak 2 + bk + c − 2p =0 α β
For ∑ +
k 2 + bk c − p p β α
or + =
a a a α α β β γ γ
= + + 1 + + + 1 + + + 1 − 3
p β γ α γ α β
or (k − α )(k − β) ==an integer
a
p
Since p is a prime number ⇒ is an integer if a=p or
∑ αβ ∑ αβ ∑ αβ
a = + + − 3 =0 − 3 =−3
a=1 but a > 1 ∴ a = p βγ αγ γβ
⇒ (k – α) (k – β) = 1
Sol 29: (x − 3k)(x − (k + 3)) < 0
∴ either k – α = –1 and k – β = –1
⇒ α = β (not possible)
1 3
∴ There is contradiction
k+3 3k
For x < a
Exercise 2
2 2
Eqn becomes x + 2ax − 5a =
0
Single Correct Choice Type
−2a ± 24a2
⇒ x= =−a±a 6
2 Sol 1: (C) Given that a2 + b2 + c2 = 1
But since x < a We know that
∴a ( )
6 − 1 is the only possible solution. (a + b +c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2 (ab + bc + ca)
⇒ (a +b +c)2 = 1 + 2 (ab + bc + ca)
M a them a ti cs | 2.57
(a + b + c )2 − 1 1
⇒ ab + bc + ca = …(i) Sol 5: (A) α − 2 =
2 α
Also, 2(a2 + b2 + c2) – 2ab – 2bc –2ac ⇒ α2 − 2α − 1 = 0 ⇒ b = −2 , c = −1
∴ At least one of P and Q is real. Sol 7: (D) One root is α ∴ The other root = −α
Let third root = β
∴ P(x) & Q(x) = 0 has atleast 2 real roots
⇒ α − α + β= 2 ⇒ β= 2
2
Sol 3: (B) Given that x + 3x + 1 =0
Putting this value in the given equation
For roots, α + β = −3 αβ = 1
23 − 23 + 2a + 10 =0 ⇒ a =−5
2 2
α β [α(α + 1)]2 + [β(β + 1)]2 ∴ a ∈ ( −10,0)
+ = 2
1 + β α +1 (α + 1) (β + 1)2
( (α ) Sol 8: (B) x=
+ 1 log2 (2x + 3)2 − 2log(1980 − 2− x )
2
2
+ α ) + (β2 + β) − 2αβ(α + 1)(β + 1)
=
(αβ + α + β + 1)2 (2x + 3)2
⇒ 2x +1 =
1980 − 2− x
2
(α + β)2 − 2αβ + (α + β) − 2αβ(αβ + α + β + 1)
= ⇒ 1980 × 2 × 2x − 2= (2x + 3)2
(αβ + α + β + 1)2
Let 2x = t
[9 − 2 − 3]2 − 2 × 1( −3 + 2) ⇒ t2 + 6t + 11 + 1980 × 2t =
0
= = 16 + 2 = 18
2
(1 − 3 + 1)
Now 2α × 2β =
11
⇒ 2α+β= 11 ⇒ α + β= log2 11
Sol 4: (B) ax2 + bx + c =0
a > 0, b > 0 & c > 0 Sol 9: (B) Product of H.C.F. & L.C.M. of two numbers =
product of the nos
−b ± b2 − 4ac
⇒α=
2a ∴ 16 × LCM =
295680
Sol 10: (A) Given that 4y 2 + 4xy + x + 6 =0 Sol 13: (C) (x3 + 4x)2 = 82
Sol 11: (B) If exactly one root lies in (0, 3) (as interval ⇒ x7 + 8x2(x3 + 4x) = 16(x3 + 4x);
is open) ⇒ x7 + 8x2 × 8 = 16 × 8;
⇒ f(0)f(3) < 0 ⇒ x7 + 64x2 = 128
∴ 2a(6 − a) < 0
Sol 14: (D) Given equations have real roots so,
⇒ a ∈ ( −∞ ,0) ∪ (6, ∞ )
a2 − 8b ≥ 0 ⇒ a2 ≥ 8b and 4b2 − 4a ≥ 0 ∴ ⇒ b2 ≥ a
Now we check at boundaries
⇒ b 4 ≥ a2 ≥ 8b
At a = 0 ⇒ x – x = 0
2
∴ a ∈ ( −∞ ,0] ∪ (6, ∞ ) D= a2 + 36
2
D2 is always > 0
Sol 12: (D) x2 − 2mx + m2 − 1 =0
∴ The equation has atleast two real roots.
Since both roots lies between (–2, 4)
−b
⇒ D ≥ 0 af(d) > 0 & af(e) > 0 and d < <e Sol 16: (B) f(x) = x2 + ax + b
2a
2 2
(i) ⇒ 4m − 4(m − 1) ≥ 0 For X ∈ [0, 2]
⇒ (16 − 8m + m2 − 1) > 0
Previous Years’ Questions
⇒ m ∈ ( −∞ ,3) ∪ (5, ∞ )
⇒− 2 <
−b
< 4 ⇒ −2 < m < 4
(
Sol 1: (i) Given x2 − 8kx + 16 k 2 − k + 1 =)
0
2a
D
Now, = 64 {k − (k − k + 1=
2 2
)} 64 (k − 1 ) > 0
Combining all the above three conditions, we get
∴ m ∈ ( −1,3) ∴k > 1
b 8k
∴ Integral values of m are 0, 1, 2 (ii) − >4⇒ > 4⇒k >1
2a 2
M a them a ti cs | 2.59
(iii) f(4) ≥ 0
( )
⇒ x x − α2β − αβ2 x + α2β = 0 ( )
( 2
)
16 – 32k + 16 k − k + 1 ≥ 0 ⇒ k − 3k + 2 ≥ 0 2
a3 x2 + abcx + c3 =
0
⇒ (k – 2)(k – 1) ≥ 0
⇒ x = α2β, α β2 which is the required answer.
⇒ k ≤ 1 or k ≥ 2 Hence, k = 2.
b c
2x 1 Sol 4: Since α + β = − , αβ = and
Sol 2: Given > a a
2x2 + 5x − 2 x +1
B C
α+δ+β+δ = − , ( α + δ )( β + δ ) =
2x 1 A A
⇒ − >0;
( 2x + 1 ) ( x + 2) ( x + 1 ) Now, α − β = ( α + δ ) − (β + δ )
( ) (
a1 x2 + b1 x + c1 y + a2 x2 + b2 x + c2 =
0 ) 2
⇒ ( α − β ) = ( α + δ ) − ( β + δ )
2
x ( a1 y + a2 ) + x (b1 y + b2 ) + ( c1 y + c2 ) =
2
0
2
⇒ ( α + β ) − 4αβ= ( α + δ ) − ( β + δ ) − 4 ( α + δ ) . ( β + δ )
2
− ( 3x + 2 )
⇒ >0
( 2x + 1)( x + 1)( x + 2) b 4c B
2
4C
2
⇒ − − = − −
a a A A
Using number line rule
b2 4c B2 4C b2 − 4ac B2 − 4AC
2 1 ⇒ − = − ⇒ =
∴ x ∈ ( −2, − 1 ) ∪ − , − a2 a A2 A a2 A2
3 2
Sol 5: From figure it is clear that if a > 0, then f(– 1) < 0
Sol 3: Since ax2 + bx + c =0 in terms of α , β . and f(1) < 0, if a < 0, f(–1) > 0 and f(1) > 0. In both cases,
⇒ α + β = −b / a and α β =c / a af(–1)< 0 and af(–1) < 0
⇒ a (a – b + c) < 0 and a (a + b + c) < 0
Now, a3 x2 + abc x + c3 =
0 ………(i)
On dividing by a2, we get
On dividing the equation by c2 , we get
b c b c
a3 2 abcx c3 1− + < 0 and 1 + + < 0
x + + 0
= a a a a
c2 c2 c2
On combining both, we get
2
ax ax
⇒ a + b + c =0 y
c c
a<0
2
y=ax +bx+c
ax
⇒ = α , β are the roots -1 1
c 0
x
y
c c a>0
⇒ x = α , β are the roots
a a 2
y=ax +bx+c
∴ α + β = − 2p … (i)
⇒ x − α βx − αβ x + ( αβ ) = 0
2 2 2 3
αβ = q … (ii)
2 . 6 0 | Quadratic Equations and Inequalities
(
Now, p2 − q b2 − ac )( ) Alternate solution
1
2 2
α + β 2
α+ β Given x − 2 + x − 2 − 2 =0
α
− a2
= − αβ
−2
−2
β
( ) (
⇒ x − 2 + 2 + x − 2 −1 =
0 )
∴ x − 2 =−2, 1 (neglecting – 2)
α2 2 1
2 ⇒ x−2 =
1
=
16
( α − β) α − ≥ 0
β
⇒ x = 3, 1
∴ Statement-I is true. ⇒ Sum of roots = 4
a
Again now pa = − (α + β) Sol 8: (B) If a1 x2 + b1 x + c1 =
0 and a2 x2 + b2 x + c2 =
0
2
Have a common real root, then
a 1
and b = − α + Since, pa ≠ b
⇒ ( a1c2 − a2c1 ) = (b1c2 − b2c1 )( a1b2 − a2b1 )
2
2 β
1 x2 + bx − 1 =0
⇒ α + ≠ α + β ⇒ β2 ≠ 1, β ≠ {−1, 0, 1} ∴
2
have a common root.
β x + x +b = 0
{ }
⇒ α3 α3 + 1 + 3 α ( α + 1 ) = −p3 (cubing both sides) ⇒ x = 5 [∴ x = 2 make log (x – 3) undefined].
Hence, one solution exits.
⇒ q (q + 1 – 3p) = −p3
⇒ p3 − ( 3p − 1 ) q + q2 =
0 Sol 14: (B) Given c < 0 < b
Since α + β = −b ... (i)
Sol 11: (B) As we know ax2 + bx + c > 0 for all x ∈R , if
a > 0 and D < 0 and α β =c ... (ii)
(
⇒ 4 a2 + 3a − 10 < 0 ) From Eq. (i), b > 0 ⇒ − b < 0 ⇒ α + β < 0
Sol 13: (B) Given Sol 16: (D) Let α and 4β be roots of x2 – 6x + a = 0 and
α, 3β be the roots of x2 – cx + 6 = 0, then
log4 ( x −=
1 ) log2 ( x −=
3) log ( x − 3)
41/2
α + 4β = 6 and 4αβ = a
⇒ log4 ( x=
− 1 ) 2log4 ( x − 3)
α + 3β = c and 3αβ = 6.
⇒ log4 ( x −=
1 ) log4 ( x − 3)
2
We get αβ = 2 ⇒ a = 8
⇒ ( x − 3) =x − 1 ⇒ x2 − 7x + 10 =
2
0 So the first equation is x2 – 6x + 8 = 0 ⇒ x = 2, 4
⇒ ( x − 2) ( x − 5) =
0 ⇒ x = 2 or x = 5 If α = 2 and 4β = 4 then 3β = 3
2 . 6 2 | Quadratic Equations and Inequalities
Now | α − β=| (α + β)2 − 4αβ ax2 + 2(a + 1)x + (9a + 4) < 0 for all x
2
∴ 2(a + 1) − 4a(9a + 4) < 0 Q(x) = ax2 + cx + b ( β & 3 are roots)
x2 − x − 2 ≤ | x + 6 |
Sol 4: When y 2 + my + 2 is divided by (y − 1) the
x2 − 2x − 8 ≤ 0 when x ∈ ( −5, −6)
remainder = f(1) = 1 + m + 2 = 3 + m
Similarly R 2 =g( −1) =3 − m ⇒ x ∈ ( −2, +4) ⇒ no possible value of x
x2 − x − 2 ≤ −x − 6 ⇒ x2 + 4 ≤ 0 ⇒ not possible
Sol 5: x2 − 11x + m =
0 and x2 − 14x + 2m =
0
∴ x ∈ ( −7, −∞ ) ∪ ( −5, −2) ∪ (4, ∞ )
Let α be the common root
2 2 Sol 8: V1= sin θˆi + cos θˆj
Let α − 11α + m = 0 and α − 14α + 2m = 0
∴ 3α − m = 0 ⇒ α =
m
. Substituting V2 = ˆi + ˆj + 2 kˆ
3
angel between V1 & V2 =α = π / 3
2 m2 8m
⇒ m − 11m + m =
0 ⇒ − 0
=
9 3 9 3 sin θ + cos θ
cos α =
for m = 0, 24 the equations have common roots.
1×2
⇒ sin θ + cos θ = 1
2
Sol 6: p(x) = ax + bx + c ( α & − 2 are roots) 1×2 2
2 . 6 4 | Quadratic Equations and Inequalities
Let x2 + 18x + 30 =
t ∴ (m− 1)2 =0 ⇒ m =1
⇒= t2 4(t + 15)
t 2 t + 15 ⇒ = 1 1± 5
∴x− = 1 ⇒ x2 − x − 1 = 0 ⇒ x =
x 2
⇒ t2 − 4t − 60 =
0 ⇒ (t − 10)(t + 6) =
0 now in equation (i) LHS >0 ∴ x > 0
∴ t = 10 or t = −6 1+ 5
∴ x= only possible solution
2
⇒ x2 + 18x + 20= 0 ; d > 0
3
1 1
or x2 + 18x + 36= 0 ; d > 0 (b) Let x + = m & x3 += n
x x3
But also x2 + 18x + 45 > 0
M a them a ti cs | 2.65
6 2
1 3 1 5p 5p + 1
⇒ α(1 + α ) =
x + − x + 3 4 & 2a +1 = 4
x x m2 − n2
⇒ =
3
1 3 1 m+n 5p − 3
or α =
x + + x + 3 8
x x
5p − 3 5(p + 1) 5
3 ⇒ × = p
1 1 1 8 8 4
= m − n = x + − x3 + = 3 x +
x
3
x x
5p2 − 14p − 3 =0
1
The minimum value of x + 2
= 5p2 − 15p + p − 3 =0
x
−1
∴ f(x)min = 3 × 2 = 6 ⇒ p 3=
= or p
5
p = 3 is the integral value
Sol 14: Given that
X2 + 2mx + 7m – 12 = 0 …. (i) x2 − 3x + 4
(b) y =
4x2 – 4mx + 5m – 6 = 0 x2 + 3x + 4
2
For equation (i), D > 0 ⇒ x (y − 1) + 3x(y + 1) + 4(y − 1) =
0
Maximum value of m = 4 + - + -
19 -1 1 3
Then, a + b= +4
8
x ≠ 1 as x − 1 is in denominator the positive integral
19 + 32 51 values of x are 2 & 3 Ans (R ) (S)
= =
8 8
2π 4π 4π 8π 8π 2π
(d) sin sin + sin sin + sin sin f ( say )
=
2
Sol 15: (a) 4x − (5p + 1)x + 5p = 4 7 7 7 7 7
0
2π 4π 8π
β= 1 + α Let =A = B and =C
7 7 7
2 . 6 6 | Quadratic Equations and Inequalities
2π 4 π 6π −4 π
cos − − cos + cos −x2 + 4x − 3 + 2x + 5 =0 ⇒ x2 − 6x − 2 =0
1 7 7 7 7
f= 6 ± 40
2 12π 6π 10π ⇒ x= = 3 ± 10
− cos + cos − cos 2
7 7 7
which doesn’t belong to (1,3)
1 2π 4π 12π 10π ∴ x=
1 is the only solution
cos + cos − cos − cos
2 7 7 7 7 (b) 3 |x2+4x+2|=5x−4
4π 4π 10π ⇒ 3x2+12x+6=5x − 4
cos = cos 2π − = cos
7 7 7 ⇒ 3x2+7x+10=0
∴ f =0 −7 ± 49 − 120
⇒ x⇒=
6
Sol 16: x 4 + 2x3 − 8x2 − 6x + 15 =
p(x) Which indicates x is imaginary here. So, this is not
acceptable.
Q(x) = x3 + 4x2 − x − 10 Case II: x2+4x+2 < 0
By trial one root of Q(x) = −2 −3(x2+4x+2) = 5x − 4
= x2 (x2 + 2x − 5) − 3(x2 + 2x − 5) = (x2 − 3)(x2 + 2x − 5) x will be the union of Eq. (i) and Eq. (ii)
(c) For x ≥ −1
The uncommon real roots are
x=
3 ,x =
− 3 &x =
−2 x3 + x 2 − x − 1 =0
(x + 1)(x2 − 0x − 1)
2 2
Sol 17: (a) (x − 1) x − 4x + 3 + 2x + 3x − 5 =0
(x + 1)(x2 + 0x − 1) ⇒ (x +1)2 (x – 1) = 0
2 2
(x − 1) x − 4x + 3 + 2x + 5x − 2x − 5 =0
for x < ‒ 1
(x − 1) x2 − 4x + 3 + (x − 1)(2x + 5) =
0 ∴ –x3 – 1 + x2 – x – 2 = 0
x = ‒ 1 is only solution
x2 − 2x + 8 =0
D < 0 so not possible x = –1, 1
Sol 18: Given that x3 − 3x2 + 1 =0 Sol 20: Minimum value of quadratic occurs at
⇒ α + β + γ = 3 , αβ + βγ + γα = 0 , αβγ = −1 −b 4p p
x
= = =
2a 8 2
Now we have (α − 2)(β − 2)( γ − 2)
When xmin ∈ [0,2]
= (αβ − 2α − 2β + 4)( γ − 2)
∴ f(x)
= min f(x
= min ) 3
= αβγ − 2(αβ + βγ + γα ) + 4(α + β + γ ) − 8
⇒ p ∈ [0, 4]
=−1 + 12 − 8 =3
⇒ p2 − 2p2 + p2 − 2p + 2 =3 ⇒ 2p = −1
Similarly we can find
−1
α β γ α β α ⇒ p= not true
, ∑ × , ∑ 2
α − 2 β − 2 λ − 2 α − 2 β − 2 α −2
when xmin < 0 ⇒ p<0
α β λ αβγ −1
= =
α − 2 β − 2 λ − 2 (α − 2)(β − 2)( γ − 2) 3
α β 3αβγ − 2(αβ + βγ + γα ) −3
∑α−2×β−2 =(α − 2)(β − 2)( γ − 2)
=
3
= −1 Xmin
Sol 21: Since p(x) is a factor of q(x) =x 4 + 6x2 + 25 and For product of root for (i) and (ii), we can
c b
r(x) = 3x 4 + 4x2 + 28x + 5 , then p(x) will also be a factor –2α = , 3β =
a a
of its linear combination.
We can write here
2
Now, r(x) - 3q(x) = x − 2x + 5
α – 2 = ‒3β and β + 3 = 2α
2
∴ p(x) = x − 2x + 5
Solving these two equations
α – 2 = ‒3 (2α - 3)
Sol 22: f(x) = x2 − 2x − a2 + 1 =(x − 1)2 − a2
⇒ α – 2 = ‒6α + 9
= (x − 1 − a)(x − 1 + a) 11
⇒ 7α = 11 ⇒α=
7
∴ α = a + 1 &β = 1 − a
11
Now g(α ) < 0 & g(β) < 0 Therefore, for β, β = 2 -3
7
∴ (a + 1)2 − 2(a + 1)(a + 1) + a2 − a < 0
22 1
= − 3=
−1 7 7
⇒ −a2 − 2a − 1 + a2 − a < 0 ⇒ a >
3 Absolute product of four roots
2 2
and (1 − a) − 2(a + 1)(1 − a) + a − a < 0
1 11 3 −2 66
= =
2
∴ 4a − 3a − 1 < 0 7 7 1 1 49
1 Therefore, (p + q) = 66 + 49 = 115
⇒ (4a + 1)(a − 1) < 0 ⇒ a ∈ − ,1
4
Sol 25: For origin to lie between the roots.
x+2
Sol 23: ≤ 0 ⇒ x ∈ [ −2, 4)
x−4 af(0) < 0
1 − 5 1 + 5 ⇒ (a + b)x2 + (1 − 2a − 3b)x + a + 2b − a2 =0
x ∈ −∞ , ∪ ,∞
2 2
Since this is satisfied by all x
Also x + 1 > 0 ⇒ x > –1 and x < 2 ⇒ a+b =0 , 2a + 3b =
1
⇒ b = 1 & a = −1
1 − 5 1 + 5
∴ x ∈ −1, ∪ ,2
2 2 also a + 2b − a2 =
0
Which is satisfied by (-1, 1)
2
Sol 29: log1/5 (2x + 5x + 1) < 0
4λ 2 − 2λ2
5: (A) x
Sol = = ,y
1 + λ2 1 + λ2
Let =
λ tan θ 8k ± 64k 2 − 16k k
α= k
=± k2 −
8 4
⇒ x = 2sin2θ & y = 2cos2θ
k k
f = x2 − xy + y 2 α = k − k2 − , β = k + k2 −
4 4
4 4 sin2θ cos2θ =
=− 4 − 2sin 4θ
2 k
∴ f lies between 2 and 6 or f ∈ [2,6] If k < 0 then α < 0, β > 0 k − > −k
4
∴a = 2 & b = 6 ∴a+b = 8
p
Let −k =p ⇒ p2 + > p
Multiple Correct Choice Type 4
−b
⇒ α3 =p … (ii) at n= = k − 4k 2
2a
From equation (i)
Sol 9: (A, D) α , α2 (α > 0) are roots of x2 − 30x + b =0
4α2 + 4α − 15 = 0 ⇒ 4α2 + 10α − 6α − 15 = 0
−5 3 α + α2 =30 ; α3 =b
⇒=
α ,=
α
2 2
α2 + α − 30 = 0
−125 27
=⇒p = or p (α + 6)(α − 5) = 0 ⇒ α = −6 , α = 5
8 8
α 5 ( α > 0)
=
Sol 8: (A, B, C) f(n) = 4n2 − 8kn + k , f(n) ≥ 0
α2 =25
=r 25,
= s 5,=
b 125
b+r −s =145
b+r +s =155
2
⇒ 4n − 8kn + k ≥ 0 ⇒∆ ≤ 0 b − r − s =95
⇒ 64k 2 − 16k ≤ 0 ⇒ (2k + 1)(2k − 1) ≤ 0 b −r + s =105
−1 1
⇒ k ∈ ,
2 2 Comprehension Type
∴ k=0 is the only integral solution (x − cos360 )(x − cos840 )(x − cos1560 )
Sol 10: (A) p(x) =
(b) Roots of the equation f(n) = 0 are co efficient of x2 is −(cos360 + cos840 + cos1560 )
M a them a ti cs | 2.71
–3 –1 3 5
2 . 7 2 | Quadratic Equations and Inequalities
1
3
1 ⇒ K 2 − 16K + 1 =0
Let x + =
m & x3 + = n
x x3 K1 K 2 (K1 + K 2 )2 − 2K1K 2 (16)2 − 2 × 1
∴= + = = 254
m2 − n2 1
3
1 K 2 K1 K1K 2 1
= = m − n = x + − x3 + 3
m+n x x x2 + ax + b
(B) y =
1 1 x2 + 2x + 3
= 3x + 3 × = 3 x +
x x
(y − 1)x2 + (2y − a)x + (3y − b) =
0
x +1
The minimum value of =2 (2y − a)2 − 4(y − 1)(3y − b) ≥ 0
x
∴ f(x)min = 6 ⇒ 4y 2 + a2 − 4ay − 4(3y 2 − (b + 3)y + b) ≥ 0
Sum of squares of roots = a2 + b2 + (1)2 Now, to find values of ‘a’ for which equation has unequal
real roots for all values of b.
= 81 + 1 + 64 = 146
i.e, above equation is true for all b.
∴ Discriminate, D < 0
Sol 1: Given 3x − y − z =0 … (i)
−3x + 2y + z =0 … (ii)
(
⇒ ( 4 − 2a) − 4 a2 + 4a − 4 < 0
2
2 2
)
⇒ 16 − 16 a + 4a − 4a − 16a + 16 < 0
and −3x + z =0 … (iii)
⇒ − 32a + 32 < 0 ⇒ a > 1
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get y = 0 So,
⇒ x2 + ( 3x ) + 0 ≤ 100
2 3
1 1 1
Now, f = 4 − 3 − p
2
2
2
⇒ 10 x2 ≤ 100; ⇒ x2 ≤ 10
4 3
X = –3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3 = − − p =−1 (1 + p )
8 2
So, number of such 7 points are possible
f(1) = 4(1)³ – 3(1) – p = 1 – p
⇒ 3x + 7 = 2x + 3 or ( 3x + 7 ) = ( 2x + 3)
2
⇒ C, A + B, A – B are integers.
n (n − 1 ) ∴ x =−2, − 4, − 1 / 4 … (i)
f (n) = An2 =
+ Bn + C 2A + ( A + B)n + C
2 But log exists only when, 6x2 + 23x + 21 > 0 ,
( )
∴ 2− y + 2y −1 − 1 = 2y −1 + 1
Sol 8: (B) Let y = x intersect the curve y = kex at exactly
one point when k ≤ 0.
⇒ 2− y = 2 ⇒ y = −1 ∈ ( − ∞ ,0 … (i)
Sol 9: (A) Let f (=
x ) kex − x
Case II when y ∈ ( 0, 1
f ' ( x ) =kex − 1 =0 ; ⇒ x =−ln k
( )
∴ 2y + 2y −1 − 1 = 2y −1 + 1
f '' ( x ) =
kex ; ∴ f " ( x ) 1>0
=
⇒ 2 =2 ⇒ y =1 ∈ ( 0, 1
y
… (ii) x = −1n k
Hence, f(–ln k ) = 1 + ln k
Case III when y ∈ (1, ∞ )
For one root of given equation
M a them a ti cs | 2.75
1 2 2
(∴ α is root of x − 6x − 2 = 0 ⇒ α − 2 = 6α )
1 + ln k = 0 ; ⇒ k =
e
2 2
( Also, β is root of x − 6x − 2 = 0 ⇒β − 2 = 6β )
Sol 10: (A) For two distinct roots, 1 + ln k < 0 (k > 0)
1 1
a10 − 2a10
=
α
8
( 6α=
) − β8 ( 6β ) (
= 3
9
6 α −β
9
)
ln k < –1 , k < ; Hence, k ∈ 0,
e e
2a9 (
2 α 9 − β9 ) (
9 α 9 − β9 )
Sol 11: (C) Given f ( x ) = 4x2 + 3x3 + 2x + 1
α2 + β2
Sol 15: (B) Sum of roots = and product = 1
( )
f ' ( x ) =2 6x2 + 3x + 1 ; D =9 − 24 < 0 αβ
Given, α + β = −p and α3 + β3 = q
Hence, f(x) = 0 has only one real root.
1 3 4
f − = 1 −1 + − > 0
(
⇒ ( α + β ) α2 − αβ + β2 = q )
2 4 8
−q
∴ α2 + β2 − αβ = .…(i)
3 6 27 108 p
f − =1 − + −
and ( α + β ) = p2
2
4 4 16 64
(p − 2q) + 1 =0
1/2 t 3/ 4
f ( x ) dx < ∫ f ( x ) dx < ∫ f ( x ) dx
3
Sol 12: (A) ∫ ∴ Required equation x 2
−
0 0 0
(p + q)
3
∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ (1 + 2x + 3x )
2 3
Now, + 4x dx
2
=x + x + x + x ; 3 4 ( ) (
⇒ p3 + q x2 − p3 − 2q x + p3 + q =
0 ) ( )
1/2 3/ 4
15 3 530 Sol 16: (A) Since, roots are real therefore D ≥ 0
⇒ ∫ f ( x ) dx = >
16 4 ∫ f ( x=
) dx 256
<3
0
⇒ 4 ( a + b + c ) − 12 λ ( ab + bc + ca) ≥ 0
0 2
⇒ ( a + b + c ) − 3 λ ( ab + bc + ca) ≥ 0
2
Sol 13: (B) Figure is self explanatory
⇒ a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ ( ab + bc + ca) ( 3λ − 2 )
a2 + b2 + c2
⇒ 3λ − 2 ≤ … (i)
ab + bc + ca
-3 -1 1 3
4 2 2 4 b2 + c2 − a2
Also
= , cos A <1
2bc
⇒ b2 + c2 − a2 < 2bc
a10 − 2a8 α10 − β10 − 2α8 + 2β8
Sol 14: (C) =
2a9 (
2 α9 − β9 ) Similarly, c2 + a2 − b2 < 2c a and a2 + b2 − c2 < 2 a b
=
(
α8 α2 − 2 − β8 β2 − 2)
( ) ⇒ a2 + b2 − c2 < 2 ( ab + bc + ca)
2(α − β )
9 9
a2 + b2 + c2
⇒ <2 … (ii)
ab + bc + ca
2 . 7 6 | Quadratic Equations and Inequalities
∴ From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 3 λ − 2 < 2 From Eqs. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get
⇒λ<
4 a ∈ ( −4, 2 )
3
Note: There is correction in answer a < 2 should be –4
< a < 2.
(b + 2a) − 4a ( c + b + 2a)
2
a Whose discriminant =
b
1 =b + 4a + 4ab − 4ac − 4ab − 8a2 =b2 − 4a2 − 4ac
2 2
⇒ –4 < a < 3 ... (ii) Sol 21: (B) Suppose roots are imaginary then β = α
1 1
Again, D =B2 − 4AC ≥ 0 and = α ⇒ β = not possible
β β
(
⇒ ( −2a) − 4.1 a2 + a − 3 ≥ 0
2
) ⇒ Roots are real ⇒ (p2 − q) (b2 − ac) ≥ 0
∞ ∞ n n
1 1 1 1
∑ α + β = ∑ 1 − 7 = 7
=
n 0= n 0
(b + 1) + b + 1 + b = 0 ⇒ b =
2
⇒ 3i − 3i,0
(b − 1) b − 1
2