Sie sind auf Seite 1von 18

Tips & Tricks on TOEFL® Reading Comprehension

The TOEFL® Test Reading Comprehension

Section Questions Time


Reading Comprehension 50 multiple-choice 55 minutes

GENERAL
1. Be familiar with the directions. You should be completely familiar with the
directions before you take the test, so you do not need to spend time reading the
directions carefully.

2. Do not spend too much time reading the passage. Read the questions first, and
find the answers in the passages. You do not have to read the passages in depth. Just
skim the passages.

3. Do not worry if you are not familiar with the passages. The passages have
provided the information you need to answer the questions. You do need any
background knowledge.

4. Do not spend too much time on a question you are unsure of. Simply guess the
answer. You can return to this question later if you have time.

49 | P a g e
SKILL 1 : MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS

PASSAGE ONE
The extremely hot and humid weather that occurs in the United States in
July and August is commonly called the “dog days” of summer. This name comes
from the star Sirius, which is known as the Dog Star. Sirius is the brightest visible
Line star, and in the hot summer months, it rises in the east at approximately the same
(5) time as the Sun. As ancient people saw this rising star with the Sun when the
weather was the hottest, they believed that Sirius was the cause of the additional
heat; they believed that this bright star added its heat to the heat of the Sun, and
these two together made summer weather so unbearably hot.

1. The topic of the passage is 2. The main idea of this passage is that

(A) how dogs like to play during the (A) the name for the summer days
summer came from Sirius, the Dog Star
(B) the causes of hot and humid weather (B) dogs generally prefer hot summer
(C) why the hot summer days are know as days
the “dog days” (C) the hottest days occur in the
(D) the days that dogs prefer summer because of the movements
of the Sun and stars
(D) Sirius rises at almost the same as
the Sun during summer months

50 | P a g e
PASSAGE TWO
Hurricanes usually occur in the North Atlantic from May through November,
with the peak of the hurricane season in September; only rarely will they occur
from December through April in the part of the ocean. The main reason for the
Line occurrence of hurricanes during this period is that the temperature on the water’s
(5) surface is at its warmest and the humidity of the air is at its highest.
Of the tropical storms that occur each year in the North Atlantic, only about
five, on the average, are powerful enough to be calld hurricanes. To be classified as
a hurricane, a tropical storm must have winds reaching speeds of at least 117
Line kilometers per hour, but the winds are often much stronger than that; the winds of
(10) intense hurricanes can easily surpass 240 kilometers per hour.

1. The passage mainly discusses 2. The best title for this passage would be

(A) how many hurricanes occur each year (A) The North Atlantic Ocean
(B) the strength of hurricanes (B) Strorms of the Northern Atlantic
(C) the weather in the North Atlantic (C) Hurricanes: The Damage and
(D) hurricanes in one part of the world Destruction
(D) What Happens from May through
November

SKILL 2 : STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS

51 | P a g e
PASSAGE ONE
Many parts of the southwestern United States would become deserts again
without the waters of the Colorado River. A system of thousands of miles of canals,
hundreds of miles of tunnels and aqueducts, and numerous dams and reservoirs
Line bring Colorado River water to the area. The Imperial Valley in southern California
(5) is an example of such a place; it is vast and productive agricultural area that was
once a desert. Today, 2,000 miles of canals irrigate the fertile land and keep it
productive.

1. Which of the following is mentioned in 2. According to the passage, the


the passage as a way that Colorado River Imperial Valley
gets to the Southwest?
(A) is a desert today
(A) By truck (B) is located in Colorado
(B) In bottles (C) produces a lot of agricultural goods
(C) In wells (D) does not require irrigation
(D) Through canals

PASSAGE TWO
The plane with the largest wingspan ever built was nicknamed the Spruce
Goose. The wingspan of the Spruce Goose was 320 feet (almost 100 meters), and
the plane weighed 200 tons. It was so big that it needed eight engines to power it.
Line The plane was designed by Howard Hughes in response to a U.S. government
(5) request for a plane that was able to carry a large cargo for the war effort. It was
made of wood because wood is less critical material in wartime than metal.
The plane was so difficult to build that it never really got used. It was flown
one time only, by Hughes himself , on November 2, 1947; during that flight, it
Line traveled a distance of less than one mile over the Los Angeles Harbor, but it did fly.
(10) Today, the Spruce Goose is on exhibit for the public to see in Long Beach,
California.

1. The passage indicates that the plane was 3. According to the passage, when the
designed Spruce Goose flew,

(A) as a cargo plane (A) it went only a short distance


(B) as a racing plane (B) it fell into the Los Angeles Harbor
(C) to carry wood (C) it flew 100 miles
(D) for exhibition (D) it carried a large cargo

2. According to the passage, the Spruce 4. The passage indicates that the Spruce
Goose is constructed from Goose today

(A) wood (A) flies regularly for the U.S.


(B) lightweight metal government
(C) plastic (B) is in the Los Angeles Harbor
(D) steel (C) is in storage
(D) can be seen by the public

52 | P a g e
SKILL 3 : UNSTATED DETAIL QUESTIONS

PASSAGE ONE
Blood plasma is a clear, almost colorless liquid. It consists of blood from
which the red and white blood cells have been removed. It is often used in
transfusions because a patient generally needs the plasma portion of the blood more
Line than the other components.
(5) Plasma differs in several important ways from whole blood. First of all,
plasma can be mixed for all donors and does not have to be form the right blood
group, as whole blood does. In addition, plasma can be dried and stored, while
whole blood cannot.

1. All of the following are true about blood 2. Which of the following is NOT stated
plasma EXCEPT that about whole blood?

(A) it is a deeply colored liquid (A) It is different from plasma.


(B) blood cells have been taken out of it (B) It cannot be dried.
(C) patients are often transfused with it (C) It is impossible to keep it in storage
(D) it is generally more important to the for a long time.
patient that other parts of whole blood (D) It is a clear, colorless liquid.

53 | P a g e
PASSAGE TWO
In the 1960s, as space travel was becoming a subject of much discussion, Pan
American Airlines began receiving some fairly unusual requests for flight
information. People began making requests to be on the first flight that Pan Am
Line made to the Moon.
(5) On a whim, Pan Am started a waiting list for the first flight to the Moon.
Similar requests have come to Pan Am over the years, and Pan Am has responded
by adding the names of the requesters to the list.
Unfortunately for Pan Am, the original company is no longer in business, and
Line it never got to the Moon. However, when it went out of business, it had a waiting
(10) list of more than 90,000 names for its first lunar flight.

1. All of the following are mentioned about 2. Which of the following is NOT true
Pan American Airlines, EXCEPT that about Pan Am’s Moon flights?

(A) it started business in the 1960s (A) People askes Pan Am about its
(B) it received requests for its first flight flights to the Moon.
to the Moon (B) Pan Am kept a waiting list for its
(C) it kept some people on a long waiting Moon flights.
list (C) Pan Am never really made any
(D) it went out of business Moon flights.
(D) Pan Am’s waiting list had only a
few names on it.

SKILL 4 : IMPLIED DETAIL QUESTIONS

54 | P a g e
PASSAGE ONE
Until 1996, the Sears Tower was the tallest building in the world, with more
than a hundred stories. It is located in Chicago, whose nickname is the Windy City.
The combination of a very tall building in a city with such weather conditions leads
Line to a lot of swaying in the breeze.
(5) On a windy day, the top of the building can move back and forth as much as
three feet every few seconds. The inside doors at the top of the building open and
close, and water sinks sloshes back and forth.

1. The Sears Tower is probably 3. It is implied in the passage that the


upper-level doors in the Sears Tower
(A) as tall as the Empire State Building open and close because
(B) no longer the tallest building in the
world (A) the building was poorly
(C) taller than any other building constructed
(D) still the highest building in the world (B) People go in and out so often
(C) the building moves in the wind
2. It can be inferred from the passage that (D) there is water in the sinks
Chicago

(A) has moderate weather


(B) is generally warm
(C) has humid weather
(D) usually has a lot of wind

PASSAGE TWO
Central Park, emerging from a period of abuse and neglect, remains one of
the most popular attractions in New York City, with half a million out-of-towners
among more than 3 million people who visit the park yearly. About 15 million
Line individual visits are made each year.
(5) Summer is the season for softball, concerts, and Shakespeare. Fall is stunning,
and winter is wonderful for sledding, skating, and skiing. However, springtime is
the loveliest of all. It was all planned that way.
About 130 years ago, Frederic Law Olmsted and his collaborator Calvert
Line Vaux submitted their landscaping plan for a rectangular parcel two miles north of
(10) the town’s center. The barren swampy tract, home for squatters and a bone-boiling
works that made glue, was reported as a pestilential spot where miasmic odors taint
every breath of air. It took 16 years for workers with pickaxes and shovels to move
5 million cubic feet of earth and rock and to plant half a million trees and shrubs,
Line making a tribute to nature-a romantic nineteenth-century perception of nature.
(15) What exists today is essentially Olmsted and Vaux’s plan, with more trees,
buildings, and asphalt. Landscape architects still speak reverently of Olmsted’s
genius and foresight, and sensitive visitors can see the effects they sought.

55 | P a g e
1. It can be inferred that the rectangular 2. It can be inferred from the passage that
parcel mentioned in line 9 is today's landscape architects praise
Olmsted for his
(A) the site of Central Park
(B) a gift presented to New York (A) enthusiasm for sport
(C) a skyscraper in New York (B) skill at designing landscapes
(D) the proposed design for Central (C) concern for New York's homeless
Park people
(D) foresight in anticipating New York's
urbanization

SKILL 5 : PRONOUN REFERENT

PASSAGE ONE
The full moon that occurs nearest the equinox of the Sun has become known
as the harvest moon. It is a bright moon which allows farmers to work late into the
night for several nights; they can work when the moon is at its brightest to bring in
Line the fall harvest. The harvest moon, of course, occurs at different times of the year in
(5) the northern and southern hemispheres. In the northern hemisphere, the harvest
moon occurs in September at the time of the autumnal equinox. In the southern
hemisphere, the harvest moon occurs in March at the time of the vernal equinox.

1. The pronoun “it” in line 2 refers to 2. The word “they” in line 2 refers to

(A) the equinox (A) nights


(B) the Sun (B) moon
(C) the harvest moon (C) farmers
(D) the night (D) harvest

56 | P a g e
PASSAGE TWO
The origins of the horse go back to eohippus, the “dawn horse”, which was
only 10 to 20 inches tall. Like its relatives, the ancient tapir and rhinoceros,
eohippus had four toes on its front feet, three on the rear, and teeth adapted to a
Line forest diet of soft leaves. Eohippus died out about 5.1 million years ago in both
(5) North America and Europe.
Late ancestral horse types moved from their forest niche out onto the grassy
plains. Their teeth accommodated to hard siliceous grass. No longer could these
protohorses slip away through thick forest when danger threatened. Escaping
Line demanded speed and the endurance of limbs growing longer. Extra toes became
(10) vestiges that were not visible externally.

1. The pronoun “its” in line 2 refers to 2. The word “their” in line 7 refers to

(A) the ancient tapir (A) siliceous grass


(B) the horse (B) late ancestral horse types
(C) the eohippus (C) grassy plains
(D) the rhinoceros (D) teeth

SKILL 6 : VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT QUESTIONS

57 | P a g e
PASSAGE ONE
When babies are born, they always have blue eyes. This is because of the
melanin, the pigment that colors the eyes, is not on the surface of the iris. Instead, it
is within the creases of the iris. Because there is little melanin on the surface of the
Line iris, the eyes appear blue.
(5) After a few months, the melanin moves to the surface of the iris. It is the
amount of melanin on the surface that determines a person’s permanent eye color,
so it is at this point that a baby’s eyes develop the color they will have for a
lifetime.

1. The word “pigmnet” in line 2 is closest in 3. The word “permanent” in line 6 could
meaning to best be replaced by

(A) skin (A) changeable


(B) muscle (B) lasting
(C) tissue (C) dark
(D) color (D) possible

2. The word “surface” in paragraph 1 is 4. The word “point” in paragraph 2


closest in meaning to could best be replaced by

(A) top (A) dot


(B) inside (B) era
(C) back (C) time
(D) bottom (D) place

PASSAGE TWO
With their radiant color and plantlike shape, sea anemones look more like a
flower than an animal. More specifically, sea anemones are formed quite like the
flower for which it is named, with a body like a stem and tentacles like petals in
Line brilliant shades of blue, green, pink, and red. Their diameter vary from about six
(5) millimeters in some species to more than ninety centimeters in the giant varieties of
Australia. Like corals, hydras, and jellyfish, sea anemones are coelenterates. They
can move slowly, but more often they attach the lower part of their cylindrical
bodies to rocks, shells, or wharf pilings. The upper end of the sea anemones has a
Line mouth surrounded by tentacles that the animal uses to capture its food. The stinging
(10) cells in the tentacles throw out tiny poisonous threads that paralyze other small sea
animals. The tentacles then drag this prey into the sea anemones’ mouth. The food
is digested in the large inner body cavity. When disturbed, sea anemones retract
their tentacles and shorten their body so that they resemble a lump on a rock.
Line Anemones may reproduce by forming eggs or dividing in half or developing buds
(15) that grow and break off as independent animals.

58 | P a g e
1. The word “shape” in line 1 is closest in 3. The word “disturbed” in line 12 is
meaning to which of the following? closest in meaning to which of the
following?
(A) Length
(B) Grace (A) Bothered
(C) Form (B) Hungry
(D) Nature (C) Tired
(D) Sick
2. The word “capture” in line 9 is closest in
meaning to which of the following?

(A) Catch
(B) Control
(C) Cover
(D) Clean

SKILL 7 : “WHERE” QUESTIONS

PASSAGE ONE
A geyser occurs when rainwater seeps into the ground and volcanic magma
beneath the surface heats it. The rainwater then turns into the steam. The
pressurized steam rises to the surface and bursts out as a geyser.
Line Yellowstone National Park has more geysers than all of the rest of the world
(5) together. The most famous of these geysers is Old Faithful, which erupts in a high
arc of steam about once an hour.
There have not been any volcanic eruptions in the Yellowstone area for
70,000 years. However, the existence of the geysers is proof that the area is
volcanically active

59 | P a g e
1. Where in the passage does the author 2. Where in the passage does the author
mention what heats the water in a geyser? state how long it has been since a
volcano erupted at Yellowstone?
(A) Lines 1-2
(B) Line 4 (A) Line 2
(C) Lines 5-6 (B) Line 4
(D) Line 7 (C) Lines 5-6
(D) Lines 7-8

PASSAGE TWO
It is a common practice to coat metals such as iron and steel with a protective
layer of zinc or an alloy made from zinc mixed with aluminum, cadmium, or tin in
a process known as “galvanization.” The purpose of galvanization is to prevent the
Line corrosion of the iron or steel.
(5) The most common method to galvanize metal is the hot-dip galvanizing
process. In this process, the iron or steel is dipped into a hot bath of a zinc alloy to
form a protective coating approximately .0003 inches thick. Another method of
galvanizing that is not as common is the process known as electrogalvanizing; in
Line this process, the metal is placed in a solution composed of zinc sulphate and water
(10) and is then charged electrically. This causes a thin layer of zinc to coat the metal.
Zinc is effective in galvanizing metals such as iron or steel in that zinc reacts
more easily with oxygen than iron does. If iron is unprotected, it reacts with oxygen
in the air to form iron oxide, or rust, which leads to the corrosion of the iron. If,
Line however, the iron is coated with zinc, as it is in the galvanization process, then it is
(15) the zinc rather than the iron which interacts with the oxygen to form zinc oxide, and
the iron is not subject to corrosion.

1. Where in the passage does the author list 2. Where in the passage does the author
the components of a zinc alloy? present the less routinely used process
of galvanization?
(A) Lines 2
(B) Lines 4-6 (A) Lines 1-2
(C) Lines 9-10 (B) Line 4
(D) Lines 11-12 (C) Lines 6-7
(D) Lines 8-10

60 | P a g e
TOEFL® Reading Comprehension Exercises

PASSAGE ONE
The deer is a distinctive animal easily recognized by the antlers that adorn
most species of male deer. These antlers are used by the males primarily to fight,
either for mates or for leadership of the herd. Deer generally lose their antlers each
Line winter and begin growing new ones in late spring. The new antlers are soft knobs
(5) covered with velvety hairs. Later in the year as the seasons progress, the antlers
grow and harden into solid branches. In the middle of winter, the full-grown antlers
fall off and decay on the ground. In the following spring, the process begins again.

1. The passage mainly discusses 5. In which month would a deer


probably have short, velvety antlers?
(A) the lifestyle of the deer
(B) the season of the year (A) May
(C) the antlers of the deer (B) December
(D) how antlers are used (C) October
(D) January
2. The deer is called a distinctive animal
because it 6. The word “solid” in line 6 could best
be replaced by which of the
(A) uses its antlers to recognize others following?
(B) has many species
(C) has antlers (A) Firm
(D) has to fight for its mates (B) Thin
(C) Leafy
3. The word “adorn” in line 1 is closest in (D) Tiny
meaning to which of the following?
7. Where in the passage does the author
(A) Cover explain how a deer uses its antlers?
(B) Decorate
(C) Bother (A) Lines 2-3
(D) Hide (B) Lines 4-5
(C) Line 6
4. It is NOT mentioned in the passage that (D) Line 7
the deer uses its antlers

(A) to battle other deer


(B) to get a mate
(C) to become a leader
(D) to climb branches

61 | P a g e
PASSAGE TWO
REM (rapid eye movement) sleep is a type of sleep that is important to
humans. This type of sleep generally occurs four or five times during one night of
sleep. The duration of each of these occurrences ranges from five minutes to forty
Line minutes. The periods of REM sleep become longer and longer as the night
(5) progresses.
Physical changes occur in the body to show that a person has transitioned
from NREM (non-rapid eye movement) sleep to REM sleep. Breathing becomes
faster, the heart rate increases, and, as the name implies, the eyes begin to move
Line quickly.
(10) Accompanying these physical changes in the body is a very important
characteristic of REM sleep. It is during REM sleep that dreams occur.

1. The subject of this passage is 5. The word “transitioned” in paragraph


2 could best be replaced by
(A) the human need for REM sleep
(B) physical changes in the human body (A) breathed
(C) the characteristics of REM sleep (B) increased
(D) why people sleep (C) fallen
(D) moved
2. According to the passage, how often does
REM sleep occur in one night? 6. The “N” in NREM probably stands
for which of the following words?
(A) Once
(B) Twice (A) Nine
(C) Four or five times (B) Non
(D) Forty miuntes (C) Name
(D) Night
3. An REM sleep period of forty minutes
would most likely be which period of 7. According to the passage, all of the
REM sleep? following occur during REM sleep
EXCEPT that
(A) The first period
(B) The second period (A) the rate of breathing increases
(C) The third period (B) the heart rate speeds up
(D) The fourth period (C) the eyes remain steady
(D) dreams take place
4. The word “progresses” in line 5 is closest
in meaning to 8. Where in the passage does the author
discuss the length of periods of REM
(A) cotinues sleep?
(B) darkens
(C) falls (A) Line 1
(D) sleeps (B) Line 3
(C) Lines 6-7
(D) Lines 8-9

62 | P a g e
PASSAGE THREE
The first English attempts to colonize North America were controlled by
individuals rather than companies. Sir Humphrey Gilbert was the first Englishman
to send colonists to the New World. His initial expedition, which sailed in 1578
Line with a patent granted by Queen Elizabeth was defeated by the Spanish. A second
(5) attempt ended in disaster in 1583, when Gilbert and his ship were lost in a storm. In
the following year, Gilbert’s half brother, Sir Water Raleigh, having obtained a
renewal of the patent, sponsored an expedition that explored the coast of the region
that he named “Virginia.” Under Raleigh’s direction, efforts were then made to
Line establish a colony on Roanoke Island in 1585 and 1587. The survivors of the first
(10) settlement on Roanoke returned to England in 1586, but the second group of
colonists disappeared without leaving a trace. The failure of the Gilbert and Raleigh
ventures made it clear that the tasks they had undertaken were too big for any
colonizers. Within a short time, the trading company had supplanted the individual
promoter of colonization.

1. Which of the following would be the most 4. When did Sir Walter Raleigh’s initial
appropriate title for the passage? expedition set out for North America?

(A) The Regulation of Trading (A) 1577 (C) 1582


Companies (B) 1579 (D) 1584
(B) British - Spanish Rivalry in the New
World 5. Which of the following can be inferred
(C) Early Attempts at Colonizing North from the passage about members of the
America first Roanoke settlement?
(D) Royal Patents Issued in the 16th
Century (A) They explored the entire coastal
region.
2. The passage states which of the following (B) Some did not survive.
about the first English people to be (C) They named the area “Virginia”.
involved in establishing colonies in North (D) Most were not experienced sailors.
America?
6. According to the passage, the first
(A) They were requested to do so by English settlement on Roanoke Island
Queen Elizabeth. was established in
(B) They were members of large trading
companies. (A) 1578 (C) 1585
(C) They were immediately successful. (B) 1583 (D) 1587
(D) They were acting on their own.
7. According to the passage, which of; the
3. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the second
following statements about Sir Humphrey settlement on Roanoke Island is true?
Gilbert is true?
(A) Its settlers all gave up and returned
(A) He never settled in North America. to England.
(B) His trading company was given a (B) It lasted for several years.
patent by the queen. (C) The fate of its inhabitants is
(C) He fought the Spanish twice. unknown.
(D) He died in 1587. (D) It was conquered by the Spanish.

63 | P a g e
PASSAGE FOUR

Steamships were first introduced into the United States in 1807, and John
Molson built the first steamship in Canada, then called British North America, in
1809. By the 1830’s dozens of steam vessels were in use in Canada. They offered
Line travelers reliable transportation in comfortable facilities, a welcome alternative to
(5) stagecoach travel, which at the best of times could only be described as wretched.
This commitment to dependable river transport became entrenched with the
investment of millions of dollars for the improvement of waterways including the
construction of canals and lock systems. The Lachine and Welland canals, two of
Line the most important systems, were opened in 1825 and 1829, respectively. By the
(10) time, Upper and Lower Canada were united into the Province of Canada in 1841.
The public debt for canals was more than one hundred dollars per capita, an
enormous sum for the time. However, it may not seem such a great amount if we
consider that improvements allowed steamboats to remain practical for most
commercial transport in Canada until the mid-nineteenth century.

1. What is the main purpose of the passage? 4. According to the passage, when was
the Welland Canal opened?
(A) To contrast travel by steamship and
stagecoach (A) 1807
(B) To criticize the level of public debt in (B) 1809
nineteenth - century Canada (C) 1825
(C) To describe the introduction of (D) 1829
steamships in Canada
(D) To show how Canada surpassed the 5. The word "sum" in line 10 is closest
United States in transportation in meaning to which of the following?
improvements
(A) Size
2. The word “reliable” in line 4 is closest in (B) Cost
meaning to which of the following (C) Payment
(D) Amount
(A) Quick
(B) Safe 6. According to the passage, steamships
(C) Dependable became practical means of
(D) Luxurious transportation in Canada because of

3. Which of the following can be inferred (A) improvements in the waterways


from the passage about stagecoach travel (B) large subsidies from John Molson
in Canada in the 1831’s? (C) a relatively small population
(D) the lack of alternate means
(A) It was reasonably comfortable.
(B) It was extremely efficient.
(C) It was not popular.
(D) It was very practical.

64 | P a g e
PASSAGE FIVE

The difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious under the conditions of
temperature and pressure commonly found at the surface of the Earth. A liquid can be kept
in an open container and fills it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface
Line but tends to diffuse throughout the space available; it must therefore be kept in a closed
(5) container or held by a gravitation field, as in the case of a planet’s atmosphere. The
distinction was a prominent feature of early theories describing the phases of matter. In the
nineteenth century, for example, one theory maintained that a liquid could be “dissolved”
Line in a vapor without losing its identity, and another theory held that the two phases are made
(10) up of different kinds of molecules: liquidons and gasons. The theories now prevailing take
a quite different approach by emphasizing what liquids and gases have in common. They
are both forms of matter that have no permanent structure, and they both flow readily. They
are fluids.
Line The fundamental similarity of liquids and gases becomes clearly apparent when the
(15) temperature and pressure are somewhat raised, supposing a closed container partially filled
with a liquid is heated. The liquid expands, or in other words becomes less dense; some of
it evaporates. In contrast, the vapor above the liquid surface becomes denser as the
evaporated molecules are added to it. The combination of temperature and pressure at
Line which the densities become equal is called the critical point. Above the critical point, the
(20) liquid and the gas can no longer be distinguished; there is a single, undifferentiated fluid
phase of uniform density.

1. Which of the following would be the most 4. According to the passage, in the
appropriate title for the passage? nineteenth century some scientists viewed
liquidons and gasons as
(A) The Properties of Gases and Liquids
(B) High Temperature Zones on the Earth (C) (A) fluids
The Beginnings of Modern Physics (D) New (B) dissolving particles
Containers for Fluids (C) heavy molecules
(D) different types of molecules
2. According to the passage, the difference
between a liquid and a gas under normal 5. According to the passage, what happens
conditions on Earth is that the liquid when the temperature is increased in a
closed container holding a liquid?
(A) is affected by changes in pressure
(B) has a permanent structure (A) The liquid and gas phases become
(C) forms a free surface more similar.
(D) is considerably more common (B) The liquid and the gas become less
dense.
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the (C) The container expands.
gases of the Earth's atmosphere are contained (D) The liquid evaporates out of the
by container.

(A) a closed surface 6. According to the passage, which of the


(B) the gravity of the planet following is the best definition of the
(C) the field of space critical point?
(D) its critical point
(A) When the temperature and the
pressure are raised
(B) When the densities of the two phases
are equal
(C) When the pressure and temperature
are combined
(D) When the container explodes

65 | P a g e
PASSAGE SIX

Anthropologists have pieced together the little they know about the history of left-
handedness and right-handedness from indirect evidence. Though early men and women
did not leave written records, they did leave tools, bones, and pictures. Stone Age hand
Line axes and hatchets were made from stones that were carefully chipped away to form sharp
(5) cutting edges. In some, the pattern of chipping shows that these tools and weapons were
made by right-handed people, designed to fit comfortably into a right hand. Other Stone
Age implements were made by or for left-handers Prehistoric pictures, painted on the walls
of caves. They provide further clues to the handedness of ancient people. A right-hander
Line finds it easier to draw faces of people and animals facing toward the left, whereas a left-
(10) hander finds it easier to draw faces facing toward the right. Both kinds of faces have been
found in ancient painting. On the whole, the evidence seems to indicate that prehistoric
people were either ambidextrous or about equally likely to be left- or right- handed.
Nevertheless, in the Bronze Age, the picture changed. The tools and weapons found
Line from that period were mostly made for right-handed use. The predominance of right-
(15) handedness among humans today had apparently already been established.

1. What is the main topic of the passage? 5. In line 13, the words “the picture” refers to
which of the following?
(A) The purpose of ancient implements
(B) The significance of prehistoric cave (A) Faces of animals and people
paintings (B) People's view from inside a cave
(C) The development of right-handedness and (C) People's tendency to work with
left-handedness either hand
(D) The similarities between the Stone Age (D) The kinds of paint used on cave
and Bronze Age walls

2. Which of the following helped lead to 6. Where in the passage does the author
conclusions about whether Store Age people mention a type of evidence that was NOT
preferred one hand to the other? studied by anthropologists researching the
handedness of ancient people?
(A) Petrified forms of vegetation
(B) Patterns of stone chipping (A) Lines 2-3 (C) Lines 11-12
(C) Fossilized waste material (B) Lines 7-8 (D) Lines 14-15
(D) Fossilized footprints

3. In line 8, the word “further” is closest in 7. The author implies that which of the
meaning to which of the following? following developments occurred around
the time of the Bronze Age
(A) advanced
(B) additional (A) The establishment of written records
(C) artistic (B) A change in the styles of cave
(D) factual painting
(C) An increase in human skill in the
4. According to the passage, a person who is handling of tools
right - handed is more likely to draw people (D) The prevalence of righthandedness
and animals that are facing

(A) upward
(B) downward
(C) toward the right
(D) toward the left

66 | P a g e

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen