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Requirements Results
3. Construction
Construction and materials
non combustible construction materials
supporting structure at least 30 minutes fire resistant
warehouse subdivided into fire compartments by fire resistant walls (90 minutes
resistance, wall 1 m above roof) and doors (90-minute resistance) with
automatic closure, load-bearing steel protected by insulation
ductworks passing fire walls to have (automatic) fire dampers fitted
smoke and heat vents (operated from outside) about 2% of floor surface or roof
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covering that will fail in the event of fire or as approved by the responsible fire
brigade
maximum allowable load of racks to be posted
racks to be protected from damage by FLT and vehicles
Size of fire compartments :
Table 1 limits to be checked
floor areas should be subdivided where flammable liquids are stored
Floors
smooth, impervious to liquids, sealed joints
no drains which open to sewer
roof drains inside building protected from mechanical and thermal damage
Installation, storage concept,
preferable: pallet racks fitted with sprinklers , sufficient and reliable water supply
blocks 2 pallets wide, 3 p high (or according to the specific packaging
specification) 8 p long, 2 double rows with corridor of 0,8 m in-between, then
normal passageway suitable for forklift truck, 0,8 m inspection gap along the
wall
block rows clearly marked and numbered
Aisles and Passageways
floor markings for storage zones and passage ways
aisles for pedestrians at least 0.80 m wide
passageways for trucks and pedestrians: 1 m wider than widest vehicle
Retention :
retention for liquids in case of leakage or shipping damage and for fire
water contaminated with chemicals to avoid environmental consequences
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Escape routes
at least 2 emergency exits per room (to be opened in the escape direction)
maximum escape distance 50 m
exits properly marked, illuminated or luminescent
Should not be locked at all times
Access to all emergency exits and safety related equipment must be
unobstructed at all times
Ventilation
effective natural ventilation (roof and wall vents)
forced ventilation to be monitored and air exchange rate to be measured
verified regularly
0,4 air changes p.h. and flammable liquids: explosion hazard 1,5 m from bottom
2 air changes p.h. to prevent no explosive atmosphere (flam. liquids storage)
Heating
no direct heating
avoid heating the products above the ambient temperature, keep at least 0,5 m
distance between the heating devices and the stored goods
safety barriers to be provided for surface temperatures > 70°C, to avoid direct
skin or goods contact
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4. Electrical installations
Electrical installations
have to meet the requirements of local electrical codes
have to be protected against water spray (IP5/ IP6 ) in sprinklered rooms
installation has to be checked regularly by a qualified electrician
explosion proof installation necessary where legally required or for flammable
gas storage, or for flammable liquids (1,5 m above floor) stored at temperature
near flash
where explosion proof installation is required, forklift trucks and other vehicles
must also meet these requirements
lights must not heat up stored goods , minimum distance 1 m
Lightning protection:
in line with local standards and codes,
annually inspected by a qualified company
Electrostatics for areas with explosion hazards :
floors < 108
racks earthed
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5. Product segregation and separation
Product segregation
no foodstuffs, animal feed or other material (consumer products) such as
clothing, cosmetics, etc.
spontaneously combustible substances, substances that are igniting or self-
heating in contact with air
flammable gas, aerosol cans , unless adequately fire-protected
flammable liquids (flash point < 55°C) in significant quantities, unless
adequately fire-protected
substances developing flammable, corrosive or toxic gases, or reacting violently
in contact with water
oxidising substances
quarantine products for 24 h (substances just ground, dried, still “thermally
active”), goods shrink-wrapped by means of flame-heated equipment
substantial quantities of readily combustible packaging materials (e.g. paper)
where legally required, toxic / very toxic non-combustible products to be
separated from combustible products
incompatible products ( products that when storage together may result in
undue hazards in the case of fire, leakage and spill
Segregation of products should be achieved so that:
dangerous interactions (reactions, packaging damage in case of leakage)
cannot occur
same or compatible extinguishing media can be used
safety / emergency measures are appropriate for the category with the highest
risk
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6. Organisation, Management System
Permits
Building and environmental permits or notifications as required by local laws have
to be available, permit restrictions to be followed
Responsibilities:
Designated and documented responsibilities for warehouse operation, receipt and
dispatch of goods, emergencies
Training:
Staff adequately trained concerning: product hazards, SOPs, emergencies, use of
fire extinguisher, first aid, forklift trucks
Documentation
to be accessible at any time at a safe location outside the warehouse:
emergency contact numbers: fire brigade, police, warehouse management,
medical service
layout of the warehouse, type of products and maximum quantities in each fire
compartment
full detailed inventory (not older than 1 week), quantity and location of goods
material safety data sheets of all products
emergency instructions for coping with spills, fire, and for personal protection
Operating Procedures :
SOP: Regular operation, materials stored, dealing with spills and damaged
packages, PPE specification
Stock control system (obsolete stocks)
Hot work permit system
Prohibition of smoking in the warehouse
Arrangements and plans for inspection and maintenance of devices with safety
functions.
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Emergency management:
adsorbent material and sewer protection to be available
emergency plan in place for spillage, intruders, injuries, fire and regular training
provided
information provided to public emergency services on contents of warehouse,
available equipment, availability of competent personnel
action plans to warn and protect neighbours
communication line to Bayer CropScience
regular (annual) emergency drills
Housekeeping
Clean floors and racks, no product spillage
Passage ways and emergency exits kept clear
Labelling
All stored goods are appropriately labelled , according to national requirements
(hazard symbols, dangerous goods or transport codes)
Goods stored in appropriate compartment
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8. Fire detection
push button/telephone to alert nearest fire brigade and permanent surveillance
as a minimum request
automatic fire detection (smoke detection) is generally recommended
fire detection without an automatic extinguishing system requires immediate
alert and short reaction time (< 15 minutes) of a fire brigade
automatic transmission of alarm on activation of an automatic extinguishing
system to a permanently manned place.
9. Fire fighting
at least 3 persons trained in handling leaks and fighting fires, re-training at least
yearly
1-2 12 kg powder or water based fire extinguishers per 100 m², placed next to
the exits
2 powder extinguishers of 50 or 100 kg available for bigger (1000-2000 m²) fire
compartments with 5 tonnes of solvents or more
6 kg CO2 fire extinguisher for switch rooms
every point within the range of hose lines from 2 sides
larger warehouses should be equipped with pallet racks fitted with sprinklers,
one sprinkler level per two rack rows
block storage: efficient sprinkler1 – 2 m above the block , blocks maximum two
pallets high
foam extinguishing system (addition of foam concentrate to extinguishing water)
for flammable liquids storage
deluge systems for manual operation only where site/works fire brigade is
available
gas detectors, floor foaming, aspiration, where indicated (particularly for highly
flammable goods, aerosols)
Installation of special extinguishing systems (e.g. with nitrogen or Inergen ®) to
be approved by IOP GF and QHSE.
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Water requirements for fire fighting
Smaller (100m²) warehouses: 0,8 m³/min, for 1 hour
Warehouses from 500 m² on: 2-3 m3/min; for at least 90 min, for 8-10 hose 1)
lines, 150 –200 mm water supply pipe, 3 bar at hose connection point
Sprinklers: 3-6 m3/ min for up to 90 minutes;
Objects with appropriate sprinkler protection: total quantity up to 700 m3.
2 pumps system (electric and diesel), regularly (at least weekly) checked and
regularly (at least annually) maintained by a qualified mechanic
reservoir water level to be checked (at least weekly)
Retention of fire fighting water
storage zones, marshalling/receiving/dispatching areas included in retention
volume
no drains to public sewer system or surface waters
retention volume availability to be checked regularly
contaminated rainwater is collected
retention capacity for fire fighting water according to Table 2.
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