VITAMINS

VITAMIN OTHER NAME/S SOURCE/S FUNCTION/S DEFICIENCY TOXICITY

Fat-soluble Vitamins
Retinol; Vegetables & Dairy Excessive intakes lead to accumulation
Vitamin A
-Carotene Products beyond the capacity of binding proteins,
so the unbound vitamin A cause tissue
damage.
Nyctalopia (night blindness); Symptoms of toxicity affect the central
Component of
Xeropthalmia (extreme dryness of the nervous system (headache, nausea,
light-sensitive
conjunctiva); ataxia, & anorexia, all associated with
pigments in eye,
keratomalacia (deterioration and increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure),
Vitamin A2 Dehydroretinol Fish Liver epithelial tissue
ulceration of the cornea); the liver (hepatomegaly with histologic
maintenance
Hyperkeratosis (skin thickening) changes & hyperlipidemia), calcium
homeostasis (thickening of the long
bones; hypercalcemia & calcification of
soft tissues), and the skin (excessive
dryness; desquamation, and alopecia)
Vitamin D Calciferol Rickets (bone softening disease in Can lead to contraction of blood
Dairy Products, Eggs,
Vitamin D2 Ergocalciferol Calcium Absorption, children); vessels, high blood pressure, &
Cod Liver Oil;
Cholecalciferol; Bone Formation, Osteomalacia (bone softening disease calcinosis (the calcification of soft
Vitamin D3 Ultraviolet Light
Sunshine Vitamin in adult, mostly in women) tissues)
Protects fatty
-Tocopherols; Anti- Margarine, Seeds, Hemolysis of red blood cells;
acids and cell
Vitamin E Sterility Vitamin; Green Leafy
membranes from
Serious neurologic dysfunction
Tocotrienols Vegetables (extremely rare)
oxidation
Phylloquinone;
Vitamin K1 Phytomenadione; Leafy Vegetables Blood clotting;
Antihaemorrhagic Vitamin Coenzyme in
Hemmorrhage (uncontrolled bleeding);
Synthesized By Carboxyaltion of
Vitamin K2 Menaquinones Delayed blood clotting
Intestinal Bacteria Glutamic Acid
residues
Vitamin K3 Menadione Synthetic

Water-soluble Vitamins
Carbohydrate Beriberi (weakened heart, edema,
Aneurine; Organ Meats, Pork,
Vitamin B1 metabolism, nerve nerve and muscle degeneration);
Thiamine Grains, Legumes
and heart function fatigue; Depression; Pernicicos Anemia
Eye irritation;
Milk Products, Liver,
Riboflavin; Inflammation and breakdown of skin
Eggs, Grains, Energy
Vitamin B2 Lactoflavin;
Legumes, metabolism
cells;
Vitamin G Chellosis (swollen cracked bright-red
Rice Polishing
lips)
Niacin;
Oxidation- Pellagra (rough skin);
Nicotinic Acid;
Liver, Lean Meats, reduction Dermatitis (skin inflammation);
Vitamin B3 Nicotinamide;
Grains, Legumes reactions in Dementia (cognitive & intellectual
Can cause liver damage.
PP (Pellagra-Preventing)
cellular respiration deterioration)
Vitamin
Milk Products, Liver,
Pantothinic Acid; Anti- Energy
Vitamin B5 Grey Hair Vitamin
Eggs, Grains,
metabolism
Fatigue; loss of coordination
Legumes
Convulsions; Irritability; Kidney Stones;
Pyridoxine;
Anemia (blood condition in which there
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride; Whole-Grain Cereals, Amino acid
Vitamin B6 Pyridoxal; Vegetables, Meats metabolism
are too few red blood cells or the red Can cause neurologic damage.
blood cells are deficient in
Pyridoxamine
haemoglobin); Skin Lesions
Coenzyme in
carboxylation
reactions in
Meats, Vegetables, Dermatitis: Depression; Fatigue;
Vitamin B7 Biotin; Vitamin H gluconeogenesis
Legumes Nausea; Anorexia, Hair Loss
and fatty acid
synthesis and
metabolism
Folic Acid;
Yeats, Liver, Green Coenzyme in Megaloblastic anemia (anemia with
Folacin;
Vitamin B9 Pteroyglutamic Acid;
Plants, Wholemeal transfer of one- large red blood cells);
Bread, Oranges, Nuts carbon fragments Neurological Deficits
Vitamin M
Cyanocobalamine;
Vitamin
Megaloblastic Anaemia
B12a Vitamin
Vitamin Red meats, eggs, Nucleic acid Pernicious anemia (severe form of
Hydorxycobalamine dairy products production anemia); neurological disorder
B12b
Vitamin Nitrotocobalamine;
B12c Extrinsic Factor
Vitamin
Pangamic Acid
B16
Vitamin
Leatrile Anticancer
B17
Collagen
Citrus Fruits,
formation in teeth,
Green Leafy
Ascorbic Acid; Cevitamic bone, and
Vegetables, Scurvy (breakdown of skin, blood
Vitamin C Acid; Antiscorbutic
Tomatoes, Red
connective tissue
vessels, and teeth)
Vitamin of blood vessels;
pepper, Grapefruit
may help in
juice, Broccoli
resisting infection
Evening Primrose Oil,
For normal growth Hair loss; eczema; Behavioural
Vitamin F Fatty Acids Grape Seed Oil,
and behaviour disturbances
Flaxseed Oil
Vitamin P Permeability Factor
Ubiquinone 10; Liver; metabolic
Vitamin
Ubidecanone; tissues in plants &
Q10 Coenzyme Q10 animals
 MINERALS
MINERAL SOURCES FUNCTION DEFICIENCY
Major Minerals
Milk, cheese, dried Bone and teeth formation, blood
Calcium Rickets, osteoporosis, convulsions
legumes, vegetables clotting, and nerve transmission
Foods containing salt;
Fluid regulation between cells or cell Acid-base imbalance in body fluids (very
Chlorine some vegetables and
layers rare)
fruits
Whole grains; green, leafy
Magnesium Enzyme activation, protein synthesis Growth failure, behavior problems, spasms
vegetables
Milk, cheese, yogurt, fish, Bone and teeth formation, acid-base
Phosphorus Weakness, loss of calcium
poultry, meats, grains balance maintenance
Bananas, leafy
Acid-base balance and fluid balance Muscle cramps, mental confusion, loss of
Potassium vegetables, potatoes,
maintenance, nerve transmission appetite, irregular cardiac rhythm
cantaloupe, milk, meats
Acid-base balance maintenance and Disorders unlikely if body gets small
Sulfur. Fish, poultry, meats
liver function amounts needed
Acid-base balance and body water Muscle cramps, reduced appetite, mental
Sodium Table salt
balance maintenance, nerve function apathy
Trace Minerals
Legumes, cereals, organ
Chromium meats, fats, vegetable oils, Glucose metabolism Adult onset diabetes
meats, whole grains
Anemia, impairs bone and nervous tissue
Copper Meats, drinking water Red blood cell formation
development
Drinking water, tea, Bone structure maintenance, decay-
Fluorine Osteoporosis; tooth decay
seafood resistant teeth
Salt-water fish, shellfish,
Iodine dairy products, Component of thyroid hormone Enlarged thyroid (goiter)
vegetables, iodized salt
Lean meats, eggs, whole
Hemoglobin formation in blood; energy
Iron grains, green leafy Anemia
metabolism
vegetables, legumes
Prevents breakdown of fats and other
Selenium Seafood, meat, grains body chemicals; Anemia
Glutathione Metabolism
Lean meat, whole-grain Component of many enzymes included
Growth failure, small sex glands, delayed
Zinc breads and cereals, dried in digestion, cell repair, sexual
wound healing
beans, seafood reproduction